REACTION OF TRITICALE AND SPRING RYE TO LOOSE SMUT OF WHEAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Twenty-seven lines of triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) were inoculated with a mixture of races T1 to T5 of loose smut of wheat (Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.); six lines were susceptible with the level of infection ranging up to 67%. The race virulent on three of the lines was found to be T4, a race characterized by virulence on cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). Of 119 cultivars of spring rye (Secale cereale L.) that were inoculated with the mixture of races, 68 were infected. The races virulent on five cultivars were found to be T2 on four, and T4 on one. The level of infection ranged up to 37%.

A comparative study of the changes of peroxidase patterns during wheat, rye, and triticale kernel maturation

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Asíns ◽  
C. Benito ◽  
M. Pérez de la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A comparative study on the electrophoretic patterns of embryo plus scutellum, endosperm, and internal and external coats of rye (Secale cereale L. and Secale vavilovii Grossh.), tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum), and hexaploid Triticale during kernel maturation has been carried out. Each kernel part of each species showed a characteristic pattern, and slow pattern changes from the beginning of the study (5 days after pollination) until kernels reached maturity (dry kernels) were observed. The triticale peroxidase patterns were very similar to tetraploid wheat patterns, and only few rye isozymes were clearly observed, probably due to overlapping with wheat isozymes. The possible influence of rye genome on the expression of wheat isozymes in triticale is also discussed.

Genetics and identification of molecular markers linked to resistance to loose smut (Ustilago tritici) race T33 in durum wheat

Euphytica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpinder Singh Randhawa ◽  
Zlatko Popovic ◽  
Jim Menzies ◽  
Ron Knox ◽  
Stephen Fox
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Ustilago Tritici

A TENTATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF CHROMOSOMES PRESENT IN TETRAPLOID TRITICALE BASED ON HETEROCHROMATIC BANDING PATTERNS

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
K. D. Krolow
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Tentative Identification ◽  
C Banding ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Three tetraploid triticales were analysed by C-banding techniques in order to establish their chromosome constitutions. All three tetraploid triticales contained seven rye chromosomes with the banding pattern of Secale cereale L. A mixture of A- and B-genome chromosomes from Triticum turgidum L. constituted the wheat genome present in the tetraploid triticales. Triticale Trc 4x3 contained 1A, 2B, 3A, 4A, 5B, 6A, and 7B. Triticale Trc 4x2 contained 1A, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6A, and 7B, while triticale Trc 4x5 contained 1A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7B. The reliability of the staining technique is subject to errors in identification, which are discussed.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF LOOSE SMUT OF WHEAT (USTILAGO TRITICI) IN BRAZIL

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILTON C. MEDEIROS ◽  
J. NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Differential Cultivar ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Physiologic Races

The occurrence in Brazil of physiologic races of loose smut, Ustilago tritici, (Pers.) Rostr., has been demonstrated. Twelve races were identified amongst 50 field collections of loose smut. Five of the races were classified as being similar to Canadian race T 2, and two races as T 8 when the standard set of differential cultivars was used. However, further differentiation of these races was possible on three supplemental differentials. Another four races were virulent on several differential cultivars of common wheat and on Pentad, a differential cultivar of durum wheat, and thus appear to invalidate the claim that formae speciales of Ustilago tritici exist on common wheat and on durum wheat.

scholarly journals GENOTYPIC AND CYTOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON THE MEIOSIS OF HEXAPLOID TRITICALE

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Thomas ◽  
P. J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Chromosome Behaviour ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Paired Chromosome ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Prior Adaptation

Two groups of hexaploid triticale were synthesized from the crosses of two cultivars of diploid rye (Secale cereale L.) with (a): two cultivars of tetraploid macaroni wheat (durum-group of Triticum turgidum L.), and (b): extracted AABB tetraploids of three cultivars of hexaploid bread wheat (T. aestivum L. em. Thell.).The extracted triticales, as a group, showed the greater chromosome regularity in the division of their PMC's. This was attributed to the prior adaptation of the extracted AABB component to the hexaploid meiosis of bread wheat. There was much variation in chromosome behaviour among triticales which had in common the same parental cultivars of wheat and rye. This genetic variability most likely came from the heterogeneity of gametes that were contributed by the two outbred cultivars of rye.AI was delayed in PMC's in which there was a low level of synapsis at MI. This effect was related to the total number of chromosome arms that were paired in each cell (arm pairs), regardless of how many univalents each cell contained. Non-randomness in the distribution of paired chromosome arms suggested that some chromosomes (possibly derived from rye) were less likely to pair than others.The rate at which univalents were formed in cells with a particular number of arm pairs was clearly influenced both by the genotype and by the environment of the triticale in question.

scholarly journals Napoleon Amber durum wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Humphreys ◽  
T.F. Townley-Smith ◽  
D. Leisle ◽  
B. McCallum ◽  
D. Gaudet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Quality Specifications ◽  
End Use

Napoleon is an amber durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Amber Durum wheat class. Napoleon was evaluated in the Durum Cooperative Test in 1996, 1997 and 1998 as DT484. Overall, Napoleon had significantly higher grain yield than all checks except AC Avonlea, and Napoleon had higher grain yields in the Black soil zone compared with the Brown soil zone. Napoleon had maturity similar to AC Morse and AC Avonlea, but was 1 d earlier maturing than Kyle and 2 d later maturing than Hercules. Napoleon was similar to AC Avonlea in height, but was significantly taller than AC Morse, and significantly shorter than Kyle and Hercules. Napoleon had lower lodging scores than Hercules and Kyle, but had higher lodging scores than AC Avonlea and AC Morse. Napoleon is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, and common bunt, and moderately susceptible to loose smut, leaf spot and Fusarium head blight. Napoleon is the first low cadmium durum cultivar registered in Canada.

Mechanisms and inheritance of first division restitution in hybrids of wheat, rye, and Aegilops squarrosa

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Xu ◽  
L. R. Joppa
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Equatorial Plate ◽  
First Division Restitution ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Aegilops Squarrosa ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Golden Ball

First division restitution (FDR) in intergeneric Triticeae hybrids provides an important meiotic mechanism for the production of amphidiploids without the use of colchicine and similar chemicals. The genetic controls of FDR were investigated by examining microsporogenesis and fertility in F1 hybrids of two- and three-way crosses of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) cultivars Langdon (LDN) and Golden Ball (GB), 'Gazelle' rye (Secale cereale L.), and one accession (RL5286) of Aegilops squarrosa L. The results from two-way crosses indicated that the first meiotic division varied, depending on the hybrid. GB crossed with Ae. squarrosa developed tripolar spindles and prevented congregation of chromosomes at the equatorial plate. The hybrid of GB with rye had a delayed first division. But, the hybrids of LDN with both Ae. squarrosa and rye had a high frequency of FDR. Analysis from the three-way crosses indicated that inheritance in rye crosses differed from those with Ae. squarrosa. FDR segregated in a 1:1 ratio in the rye cross, suggesting that the FDR is controlled by a single gene from LDN. However, FDR fit a 1:3 ratio in the three-way crosses with Ae. squarrosa. Cytological data suggested that tripolar spindles are a major factor preventing FDR in Ae. squarrosa crosses. Some progenies from the three-way cross with rye had a high frequency of monads that resulted from second division failure of FDR cells.Key words: durum wheat, rye, Aegilops squarrosa, first division restitution, tripolar spindle.

Effet antioxydant et antihyperglycémiant du seigle (Secale cereale L.) et du sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) chez le rat Wistar rendu diabétique

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S273-S283
Author(s):  
Z. Mami-Soualem ◽  
N. Brixi ◽  
C. Beghdad ◽  
M. Belarbi
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Stress Oxydant ◽  
Habitudes Alimentaires ◽  
Diabète Sucré ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Vitamine C ◽  
Fibres Alimentaires ◽  
Peroxydation Lipidique ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Le changement des habitudes alimentaires au cours de ces dernières années a abouti à l’apparition des maladies dites de civilisation, parmi elles le diabète sucré. Des approches diétothérapeutiques privilégient la consommation des produits céréaliers sous la forme la plus complète possible. Ce travail a pour but de tester l’efficacité des régimes expérimentaux préparés à base des grains complets des deux céréales, le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) et le seigle (Secale cereale L.), sur la correction de l’hyperglycémie et des marqueurs du stress oxydant associés au diabète chez le rat mâle Wistar. Les résultats montrent que les rats diabétiques, soumis au régime seigle pendant quatre semaines, présentent une diminution significative de la glycémie qui atteint les 53,95 % à la fin de l’expérimentation, ce qui fait que leur taux en glycémie se rapproche de celui des normoglycémiques. Le sorgho blanc présente, d’une part, une diminution significative de la peroxydation lipidique intracellulaire et, d’autre part, une augmentation de l’activité de la glutathion peroxydase, la glutathion réductase ainsi que la vitamine C. Ces approches méthodologiques peuvent, en améliorant la connaissance de l’importance des céréales (fibres alimentaires solubles et des polyphénols) dans l’évolution du diabète, aboutir à des recommandations et à une éducation nutritionnelle du diabétique.

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