scholarly journals SUGARS, RELATIVE WATER CONTENT, AND GROWTH AFTER PLANTING OF DORMANT LODGEPOLE PINE SEEDLINGS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAROLD M. ETTER ◽  
L. W. CARLSON
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Relative Water

Dormant 3-yr-old lodgepole pine seedlings (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) were stored for 3–4 mo in air-tight plastic bags at 2 ± 1 C in the dark. Groups of 40–50 seedlings were removed from storage and grown in a greenhouse for 5 wk. Needle and root samples were taken at the time of planting and 5 wk later to determine their relative water content (RWC) and sugar contents. The upper needles had a 3–10% higher RWC than the lower needles. Comparisons between actively growing versus nonactive classes of seedlings demonstrated that new root growth after planting was not related to the hydration of the needles at the time of planting. Contents of free sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, stachyose, raffinose, galactose, and xylose), starch, and pectic sugars (arabinose, galactose, xylose, and mannose) were all reduced during the 5-wk growth period. Differences in subsequent root activity were not related to differences in root sugar contents at planting; however, sucrose content in actively growing root systems was significantly higher than in roots with no new growth 5 wk after planting. The supply of sucrose from the shoot after planting appeared to be associated with the occurrence of new root growth in stored lodgepole pine seedlings. Damage during storage to photosynthetic or sugar transport systems in the shoot may have caused inadequate export of sucrose to the root system after planting, which in turn reduced the root regeneration capacity.

Root growth of containerized lodgepole pine seedlings in response to Ascophyllum nodosum extract application during nursery culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne E. MacDonald ◽  
Jen Hacking ◽  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Jeff Norrie
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Marine Alga ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Spring Planting

MacDonald, J. E., Hacking, J., Weng, Y. and Norrie, J. 2012. Root growth of containerized lodgepole pine seedlings in response to Ascophyllum nodosum extract application during nursery culture. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1207–1212. Vigorous root growth immediately after spring planting is crucial to ensure a well-developed root system before the occurrence of drought events associated with climate change. The objective of this study was to enhance spring root growth of containerized lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings. Seedling culture began in April. In September, seedlings were root drenched with an extract of the brown marine alga Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis in finisher fertilizer at rates of 1:750, 1:500, and 1:250. Finisher fertilizer alone served as control. Applications were made three or six times. Seedling culture continued until lifting in December, and then seedlings were freezer stored. Frequency of application had no effect on root growth, whereas rate of application had a significant effect. Compared with control, the 1:750, 1:500, and 1:250 rates significantly reduced total length of the root system in mid October. After overwintering and growing under favorable environmental conditions for 21 d, the 1:500 rate significantly increased the total number of white roots, as well as the number of both short and long white roots. These results suggest that application of Ascophyllum nodosum extract may be a valuable nursery practice to increase spring root growth, thereby enhancing drought resistance.

The Method of Plant Water Status Measurement in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Prabawardani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relative Water

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The measurement of plant water status such as leaf water potential (LWP) and leaf relative water content (RWC) is important part of understanding plant physiology and biomass production. Preliminary study was made to determine the optimum amount of leaf abrasion and equilibration time of sweet potato leaf inside the thermocouple psychrometer chambers. Based on the trial, the standard equilibration time curve of a Peltier thermocouple for sweet potato leaf was between 2 and 3 hours. To increase the water vapour conductance across the leaf epidermis the waxy leaf cuticle should be removed or broken by abrasion. The result showed that 4 times leaf rubbings was accepted as the most effective way to increase leaf vapour conductance of sweet potato in the psychrometer chambers. In calculating the leaf relative water content, unstressed water of sweet potato leaves require 4 hours imbibition, whereas water stressed of sweet potato leaves require 5 to 6 hours to reach the saturation time. Either leaf water potential or relative water content can be used as a parameter for plant water status in sweet potato.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>

Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Competition for Water in Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah T. Berger ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Diane L. Rowland ◽  
Theodore M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Daily Water

Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed in cotton production. Yield losses of 65% have been reported from season-long Palmer amaranth competition with cotton. To determine whether water is a factor in this system, experiments were conduced in 2011, 2012, and 2013 in Citra, FL, and in Tifton, GA. In 2011, infrequent rainfall lead to drought stress. The presence of Palmer amaranth resulted in decreased soil relative water content up to 1 m in depth. Cotton stomatal conductance (gs) was reduced up to 1.8 m from a Palmer amaranth plant. In 2012 and 2013 higher than average rainfall resulted in excess water throughout the growing season. In this situation, no differences were found in soil relative water content or cottongsas a function of proximity to Palmer amaranth. A positive linear trend was found in cotton photosynthesis and yield; each parameter increased as distance from Palmer amaranth increased. Even in these well-watered conditions, daily water use of Palmer amaranth was considerably higher than that of cotton, at 1.2 and 0.49 g H20 cm−2d−1, respectively. Although Palmer amaranth removed more water from the soil profile, rainfall was adequate to replenish the profile in 2 of the 3 yr of this study. However, yield loss due to Palmer amaranth was still observed despite no change ings, indicating other factors, such as competition for light or response to neighboring plants during development, are driving yield loss.

Influence of humates to mitigate NaCl-induced adverse effects on Ocimum basilicum L.: relative water content and photosynthetic pigments

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Reyes-Pérez ◽  
Bernardo Murillo-Amador ◽  
Alejandra Nieto-Garibay ◽  
Luis G. Hernández-Montiel ◽  
Francisco H. Ruiz-Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Relative Water

scholarly journals Assessment of lettuce quality during storage at low relative humidity using Global Stability Index methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Roberta Ansorena ◽  
María Victoria Agüero ◽  
María Grabriela Goñi ◽  
Sara Roura ◽  
Alejandra Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Global Stability ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
External Zone ◽  
Relative Water

During postharvest, lettuce is usually exposed to adverse conditions (e.g. low relative humidity) that reduce the vegetable quality. In order to evaluate its shelf life, a great number of quality attributes must be analyzed, which requires careful experimental design, and it is time consuming. In this study, the modified Global Stability Index method was applied to estimate the quality of butter lettuce at low relative humidity during storage discriminating three lettuce zones (internal, middle, and external). The results indicated that the most relevant attributes were: the external zone - relative water content, water content , ascorbic acid, and total mesophilic counts; middle zone - relative water content, water content, total chlorophyll, and ascorbic acid; internal zone - relative water content, bound water, water content, and total mesophilic counts. A mathematical model that takes into account the Global Stability Index and overall visual quality for each lettuce zone was proposed. Moreover, the Weibull distribution was applied to estimate the maximum vegetable storage time which was 5, 4, and 3 days for the internal, middle, and external zone, respectively. When analyzing the effect of storage time for each lettuce zone, all the indices evaluated in the external zone of lettuce presented significant differences (p < 0.05). For both, internal and middle zones, the attributes presented significant differences (p < 0.05), except for water content and total chlorophyll.

Evidence of nitrogen fixation in lodgepole pine inoculated with diazotrophic Paenibacillus polymyxa

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Bal ◽  
Christopher P. Chanway
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Negative Effect

Diazotrophic bacteria previously isolated from internal tissues of naturally regenerating lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia (Dougl.) Engelm.) seedlings were tested for their ability to colonize and fix nitrogen (N) in pine germinants in two experiments. Surface sterilized pine seed was sown in glass tubes containing an autoclaved sand – montmorillonite clay mixture that contained a N-limited nutrient solution labeled with 15N as 0.35 mmol·L–1 Ca(15NO3)2 (5% 15N label). Pine seed was inoculated with one of three of the following bacterial strains: Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R, P. polymyxa P18b-2R, or Dyadobacter fermentans P19a-2R, and seedlings grew for either 27 or 35 weeks. At the end of each plant growth period, P. polymyxa strain P2b-2R was detected in the pine rhizosphere but not inside plant tissues. Pine foliar N concentrations were not affected by bacterial inoculation but significant foliar 15N dilution was observed in seedlings treated with strain P2b-2R (30% and 66%, P < 0.05, in the first and second experiments, respectively). This strain also reduced seedling biomass in both experiments but effects were significant only in the second experiment (36%, P < 0.05). Notwithstanding the negative effect of bacterial inoculation on seedling growth, pine seedlings inoculated with strain P2b-2R derived 30% and 66%, respectively, of their foliar N from bacterial N fixation in two seedling growth experiments. These results demonstrate the possibility that some endophytic diazotrophs facilitate pine seedling growth in N-poor soils.

scholarly journals Growth and physiological response of two biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes bred for different environments, to contrasting levels of soil moisture

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Barbanti ◽  
Ahmad Sher ◽  
Giuseppe Di Girolamo ◽  
Elio Cirillo ◽  
Muhammad Ansar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Relative Water

A better understanding of plant mechanisms in response to drought is a strong premise to achieving high yields while saving unnecessary water. This is especially true in the case of biomass crops for non-food uses (energy, fibre and forage), grown with limited water supply. In this frame, we investigated growth and physiological response of two genotypes of biomass sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L.) Moench) to contrasting levels of soil moisture in a pot experiment carried out in a greenhouse. Two water regimes (high and low water, corresponding to 70% and 30% field capacity) were applied to JS-2002 and Trudan-8 sorghum genotypes, respectively bred for dry sub-tropical and mild temperate conditions. Two harvests were carried out at 73 and 105 days after seeding. Physiological traits (transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) were assessed in four dates during growth. Leaf water potential, its components and relative water content were determined at the two harvests. Low watering curbed plant height and aboveground biomass to a similar extent (ca. 􀀀70%) in both genotypes. JS-2002 exhibited a higher proportion of belowground to aboveground biomass, <em>i.e</em>., a morphology better suited to withstand drought. Despite this, JS-2002 was more affected by low water in terms of physiology: during the growing season, the average ratio in transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance between droughty and well watered plants was, respectively, 0.82, 0.80 and 0.79 in JS-2002; 1.05, 1.08 and 1.03 in Trudan-8. Hence Trudan-8 evidenced a ca. 20% advantage in the three traits. In addition, Trudan-8 could better exploit abundant moisture (70% field capacity), increasing aboveground biomass and water use efficiency. In both genotypes, drought led to very low levels of leaf water potential and relative water content, still supporting photosynthesis. Hence, both morphological and physiological characteristics of sorghum were involved in plant adaptation to drought, in accordance with previous results. Conversely, the common assumption that genotypes best performing under wet conditions are less suited to face drought was contradicted by the results of the two genotypes in our experiment. This discloses a potential to be further exploited in programmes of biomass utilization for various end uses, although further evidence at greenhouse and field level is needed to corroborate this finding.

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