Evidence of nitrogen fixation in lodgepole pine inoculated with diazotrophic Paenibacillus polymyxa

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Bal ◽  
Christopher P. Chanway
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Negative Effect

Diazotrophic bacteria previously isolated from internal tissues of naturally regenerating lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia (Dougl.) Engelm.) seedlings were tested for their ability to colonize and fix nitrogen (N) in pine germinants in two experiments. Surface sterilized pine seed was sown in glass tubes containing an autoclaved sand – montmorillonite clay mixture that contained a N-limited nutrient solution labeled with 15N as 0.35 mmol·L–1 Ca(15NO3)2 (5% 15N label). Pine seed was inoculated with one of three of the following bacterial strains: Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R, P. polymyxa P18b-2R, or Dyadobacter fermentans P19a-2R, and seedlings grew for either 27 or 35 weeks. At the end of each plant growth period, P. polymyxa strain P2b-2R was detected in the pine rhizosphere but not inside plant tissues. Pine foliar N concentrations were not affected by bacterial inoculation but significant foliar 15N dilution was observed in seedlings treated with strain P2b-2R (30% and 66%, P < 0.05, in the first and second experiments, respectively). This strain also reduced seedling biomass in both experiments but effects were significant only in the second experiment (36%, P < 0.05). Notwithstanding the negative effect of bacterial inoculation on seedling growth, pine seedlings inoculated with strain P2b-2R derived 30% and 66%, respectively, of their foliar N from bacterial N fixation in two seedling growth experiments. These results demonstrate the possibility that some endophytic diazotrophs facilitate pine seedling growth in N-poor soils.

scholarly journals Effects of Paenibacillus polymyxa inoculation and different soil nitrogen treatments on lodgepole pine seedling growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Yang ◽  
Akshit Puri ◽  
Kiran Preet Padda ◽  
Chris P. Chanway
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
N Treatment

An endophytic diazotroph, Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R, has been shown to colonize internal tissues of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) and stimulate seedling growth possibly through nitrogen (N) fixation in an N-limited environment. We evaluated the effects of different soil N concentrations on lodgepole pine seedling growth after inoculation with P2b-2R in a year-long greenhouse study. Seedlings were subjected to monthly application of a nutrient solution containing one of four soil N concentrations as Ca(NO3)2 (5% 15N label): 0.0029, 0.029, 0.29, and 2.9 μmol·L–1, referred to as very low, low, medium, and high soil N treatments, respectively. Foliar 15N atom percent excess and foliar N content values of P2b-2R inoculated seedlings were not significantly different from controls at any N treatment. Similarly, rhizospheric and endophytic population of P2b-2R did not vary significantly across N treatments. Inoculation with P2b-2R resulted in seedling growth inhibition during early stages of the experiment; however, by month 12, inoculated seedlings from the very low soil N treatment had accumulated 56.3% and 46.4% more root and shoot biomass than controls, respectively. These results suggest that pine biomass stimulation by P2b-2R may depend on soil N concentrations and that such growth stimulation may occur without providing significant amounts of fixed N.

N2-Fixation and Seedling Growth Promotion of Lodgepole Pine by Endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Anand ◽  
Susan Grayston ◽  
Christopher Chanway
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa

Effects of Sitka alder on the growth and foliar nutrition of young lodgepole pine in the central interior of British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1761-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Brockley ◽  
P Sanborn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Boreal Ecosystem

The 6-year effects of differing levels of Sitka alder (Alnus viridus spp. sinuata (Regel) Á. Löve & D. Löve) retention (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 clumps/ha) on the development of retained alder and on the growth and foliar nutrition of 7-year-old naturally regenerated lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) were evaluated in a sub-boreal ecosystem in the central interior of British Columbia. Alder development was inversely related to alder retention density, with the largest height and crown width increments occurring at the lowest alder densities. Low to moderate levels of alder cover did not significantly inhibit the diameter or height growth of lodgepole pine. Even under high alder cover, growth was not reduced until alder cover exceeded 45%. Over the 6-year response period, lodgepole pine diameter and height increments under high alder cover were reduced by 10% and 12%, respectively, relative to the no-alder treatment. The effect of alder density on lodgepole pine foliar N was strongly linear, with the highest N levels measured in the high alder retention treatment. However, the positive impact of alder retention on foliar N resulted in probable imbalance of N relative to S and possibly P and K. Unless alleviated, nutritional imbalances may preclude reliable assessment of the competitive effects (i.e., light and soil resources) of alder density, if any, on lodgepole pine growth.

Biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion of lodgepole pine by an endophytic diazotroph Paenibacillus polymyxa and its GFP-tagged derivative

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Tang ◽  
Akshit Puri ◽  
Kiran Preet Padda ◽  
Chris P. Chanway
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R is an endophytic diazotroph originally isolated from lodgepole pine. It is reported to fix significant amounts of nitrogen (N) and promote plant growth. To evaluate the endophytic colonization sites, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) derivative of P2b-2R was generated (P2b–2Rgfp), but the effects of GFP modification on the functioning of P2b-2R have not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we wanted to confirm and contrast the N-fixing and plant-growth-promoting abilities of P2b-2Rgfp with those of the wild-type P2b-2R in lodgepole pine. Pine seedlings were grown in an N-limited environment and harvested 2, 4, 8, and 12 months after inoculation to evaluate the endophytic and rhizospheric colonization by both strains, the amount of N-fixed, and seedling growth enhancement. Both P2b-2R and P2b-2Rgfp strains formed persistent rhizospheric and endophytic populations; fixed N; and enhanced seedling growth continuously after 4 months. P2b-2Rgfp-treated seedlings outperformed the P2b-2R-treated seedlings in terms of biomass only during the initial stages of plant development, but the differences decreased during the trial and were not significant towards the end. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the effects of GFP-tagging of an endophyte when inoculated into a gymnosperm tree species.

scholarly journals SUGARS, RELATIVE WATER CONTENT, AND GROWTH AFTER PLANTING OF DORMANT LODGEPOLE PINE SEEDLINGS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAROLD M. ETTER ◽  
L. W. CARLSON
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Relative Water

Dormant 3-yr-old lodgepole pine seedlings (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) were stored for 3–4 mo in air-tight plastic bags at 2 ± 1 C in the dark. Groups of 40–50 seedlings were removed from storage and grown in a greenhouse for 5 wk. Needle and root samples were taken at the time of planting and 5 wk later to determine their relative water content (RWC) and sugar contents. The upper needles had a 3–10% higher RWC than the lower needles. Comparisons between actively growing versus nonactive classes of seedlings demonstrated that new root growth after planting was not related to the hydration of the needles at the time of planting. Contents of free sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, stachyose, raffinose, galactose, and xylose), starch, and pectic sugars (arabinose, galactose, xylose, and mannose) were all reduced during the 5-wk growth period. Differences in subsequent root activity were not related to differences in root sugar contents at planting; however, sucrose content in actively growing root systems was significantly higher than in roots with no new growth 5 wk after planting. The supply of sucrose from the shoot after planting appeared to be associated with the occurrence of new root growth in stored lodgepole pine seedlings. Damage during storage to photosynthetic or sugar transport systems in the shoot may have caused inadequate export of sucrose to the root system after planting, which in turn reduced the root regeneration capacity.

Alterations in plant growth and in root hormone levels of lodgepole pines inoculated with rhizobacteria

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bent ◽  
Sadik Tuzun ◽  
Christopher P Chanway ◽  
Scott Enebak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Hormone Levels

The presence of other soil microorganisms might influence the ability of rhizobacterial inoculants to promote plant growth either by reducing contact between the inoculant and the plant root or by interfering with the mechanism(s) involved in rhizobacterially mediated growth promotion. We conducted the following experiments to determine whether reductions in the extent of growth promotion of lodgepole pine mediated by Paenibacillus polymyxa occur in the presence of a forest soil isolate (Pseudomonas fluorescens M20) and whether changes in plant growth promotion mediated by P. polymyxa (i) are related to changes in P. polymyxa density in the rhizosphere or (ii) result from alterations in root hormone levels. The extent of plant growth, P. polymyxa rhizosphere density, and root hormone concentrations were determined for lodgepole pine treated with (i) a single growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain (P. polymyxa L6 or Pw-2) or (ii) a combination of bacteria: strain L6 + strain M20 or strain Pw-2 + strain M20. There was no difference in the growth of pines inoculated with strain L6 and those inoculated with strain L6 + strain M20. However, seedlings inoculated with strain Pw-2 had more lateral roots and greater root mass at 12 weeks after inoculation than plants inoculated with strain Pw-2 + strain M20. The extent of growth promotion mediated by P. polymyxa L6 and Pw-2 in each treatment was not correlated to the average population density of each strain in the rhizosphere. Bacterial species-specific effects were observed in root hormone levels: indole-3-acetic acid concentration was elevated in roots inoculated with P. polymyxa L6 or Pw-2, while dihydrozeatin riboside concentration was elevated in roots inoculated with P. fluorescens M20.Key words: PGPR, Pinus contorta, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Paenibacillus polymyxa, auxin, cytokinin.

Using foliar variables to predict the response of lodgepole pine to nitrogen and sulphur fertilization

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1389-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Brockley
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
First Year ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Area Response

Six-year basal area responses to nitrogen (N) fertilizer, alone and in combination with sulphur (S), in 31 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands in the interior of British Columbia were compared with pre-treatment measures of foliar N and S and first-year increases in fascicle mass to determine the utility of these variables for predicting growth response and for determining appropriate fertilizer prescriptions. Results indicate that pre-fertilization levels of foliar N or inorganic sulphate-S (SO4) may be more reliable than the fascicle mass screening method for predicting whether or not a significant stemwood response will occur following N fertilization. When combined, N and SO4 levels in unfertilized foliage explained 68% of the variation in relative basal area response to fertilization with N alone. Foliar nutrients were also useful for determining whether or not lodgepole pine would respond incrementally to S when added in combination with N. Stands in which pre-fertilization foliar SO4 was [Formula: see text]60 mg/kg and N/S ratio was [Formula: see text]13 did not respond significantly to N alone but always responded significantly to N + S. Conversely, a foliar SO4 level >60 mg/kg combined with a N/S ratio of [Formula: see text]12 always resulted in a favourable response to N with no incremental benefit of added S.

Fourteen-year growth response of young lodgepole pine to repeated fertilization

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E Kishchuk ◽  
Gordon F Weetman ◽  
Robert P Brockley ◽  
Cindy E Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Area And Volume

Four rates of N (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg·ha–1) with and without a fertilizer mix containing P, K, S, Ca, Mg, and micronutrients were applied to a stand of 8-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) in four applications during 7 years. Fourteen years after the first fertilization, mean tree basal area and volume were significantly increased in the treatments containing the two highest rates of N plus the fertilizer mix. Mean tree basal area was 38% greater and mean tree volume was 42% greater in the highest N (525 kg·ha–1) plus mix treatment than in the control treatment. Stand basal area increased 48% over the control in the highest N plus mix treatment. Mean tree basal area and volume were 27 and 25% greater than the control under the intermediate N rate (350 kg·ha–1) with mix, respectively. Height growth was not significantly increased by fertilization. Both higher rates of N (four applications of >100 kg·ha–1) and the fertilizer mix were required for significant growth responses to occur. Addition of N alone or mix alone had a negative effect on mean tree basal area and volume. Addition of higher N rates without the mix decreased foliar total S and SO4-S concentration and increased the N/S ratio. Addition of the higher rates of N without the mix aggravated slight K deficiencies. The responses to the higher N rates in combination with the fertilizer mix are mainly attributable to S.

Soil and lodgepole pine foliar responses to two fertilizer sulphur forms in the Sub-Boreal Spruce zone, central interior British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2316-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
P T Sanborn ◽  
J Prietzel ◽  
R P Brockley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
S Mineralization ◽  
Slight Elevation ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
Surface Mineral

Sulphur (S) fractions, total nitrogen (N) concentrations, and cumulative net S mineralization of forest floors and surface mineral soils (0-20 cm) were measured 13 years after an S-deficient lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) stand was fertilized (100 kg S·ha–1 + 400 kg N·ha–1) in 1990. Fertilizer treatments compared two S sources: elemental S (S0) and ammonium sulphate (AS). Total S and ester sulphate-S (SO4-S) concentrations and cumulative net S mineralization in forest floors were significantly higher in the S0 treatment than in the control and AS treatment. Except for a slight elevation of extractable SO4-S, such differences were absent in the mineral soils. Total S and SO4-S concentrations in current-year (2002) pine foliage from the S0 treatment were significantly higher than in foliage from the control and AS treatment, while foliar N concentrations indicated that all treatments had caused a return to N-deficiency. These results indicate that prolonged amelioration of S deficiencies in lodgepole pine stands in central interior British Columbia may be possible with single applications of S0.

scholarly journals Soil biotic and abiotic effects on seedling growth exhibit context dependent interactions: evidence from a multi‐country experiment on Pinus contorta invasion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Nuske ◽  
Alex Fajardo ◽  
Martin A. Nuñez ◽  
Aníbal Pauchard ◽  
David A. Wardle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Context Dependent
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