AN EVALUATION OF MARROWSTEM KALE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FULKERSON ◽  
W. E. TOSSELL
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Early Harvest ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Agronomic studies on marrowstem kale (Brassica oleracea L.), consisting of seven seeding and five harvest dates in one trial, two seeding methods and nine seeding rates in another, and five silages in another, were conducted for up to 3 years. Data were collected on dry matter yield and several yield and quality components. Delaying the date of seeding reduced yields in the autumn but the converse held for delaying the date of autumn harvest. Similar results were obtained with dry matter content and plant height. Medium to high seeding rates in broadcast stands produced the highest yields for early pasture; light seeding rates in rows yielded the highest for late pasture. Leaves constituted 55% of the pasture herbage in the early harvest and 25% in the late harvest. Height, stem diameter, and plant weights were higher in the row compared with the broadcast method and at the lighter seeding rates. The in vitro digestible dry matter and crude protein content of kale was superior to the other silage crops and kale appeared promising in a kale–corn combination.

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting time on forage yield and quality of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Maja Petricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality

Maize is the very important silage source in the world. Timely harvesting ensure high maize forage yield and quality. Therefore, the study focused on the effects of four harvesting times (starting at the 12 August every 7 days) on yield and qualitative parameters of forage green mass of maize hybrid ZP 677. The experiment was set in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, ear percentage, forage yield, dry matter content and crude protein content were higher, while stem percentage was lower in 2014 with favorable climatic condition. Forage yield, crude protein content, ADF and NDF decreased, while dry matter content significantly increased with delay in harvesting. The maize hybrid should be harvested when the milk line is three-quarter of the way down the grain that is in the third decade of August.

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME KALE-CORN COMBINATIONS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FULKERSON
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Row Width

Midas marrowstem kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was grown in different row width associations with United 106 corn (Zea maize L.) in two studies and ensiled in different moisture blends with corn stover in another. Highest dry matter yields were obtained where a single row of kale was grown at 30 cm to the side of a corn row. This combination also provided the lowest moisture content feed and the highest in vitro digestibility and crude protein content. Changing the corn row width had no significant effect upon yield, plant height, in vitro digestibility, kale leaf or corn ear content. Blending kale with corn stover to provide a silage of about 70% moisture increased the digestibility and protein content of the feed and provided a silage that kept well in storage.

scholarly journals Quality properties of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) silages

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Gülcan Demi̇roğlu Topçu ◽  
Şükrü Sezgi̇ Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Maize is an ideal forage crop for ensilage because of its high levels of fermentable carbohydrates, although it is low in protein. Sunn hemp is a legume with a high crude protein content with potential to be used in combination with maize to provide a silage with a higher protein content. Different percentages of sunn hemp-maize mixtures of 80-20, 60-40, 40-60 and 20-80 respectively were compared to silages of sole maize and sunn hemp. In the laboratory study, DLG classifications (color, smell, structure, total score and quality class), silage loss (%), silage pH, dry matter content, flieg score, crude protein content, crude ash content, NDF, ADF, metabolic energy (MJ kg-1 DM), dry matter intake, percent digestible dry matter and relative feed value were determined at the end of 60 days ensilage. The crude protein contents of silages increased as the sunn hemp ratio in the mixtures increased. In addition, pure sunn hemp silage and mixtures, especially 80% sunn hemp mixed with 20% maize, were found suitable for silage and it was concluded that sunn hemp and sunn hemp-maize silage mixtures could be used in animal husbandry.

Quality of sorghum silage in the feed-out period: evaluation of hybrids, silo layers, and mass structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
André Martins de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Sorghum Silage

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and fermentation quality of silage from two sorghum hybrids in different layers of the silo feed-out face, as well as the interference of the aerobic exposure time of structured and/or unstructured silo face (after feed-out). The AG-2005E hybrid silage presented higher crude protein content and higher pH compared to hybrid AG-60298 (6.33% and 4.0 versus 6.06% and 3.8, respectively). Silages from stratum 0 to 20cm had the lowest dry matter content and the highest crude protein content (38% and 6.35%, respectively). The pH did not differ between layers, and the NH3 content was higher in the stratum 60 to 80cm (4.5%). During 72 hours of aerobic exposure, the unstructured silage presented a higher increase in temperature than the silage from the structured face, but this period was not enough to result in differences in dry matter, mineral matter, NH3, and pH. The chemical and fermentation quality of the silage was directly influenced by hybrid and silo stratum. After aerobic exposure, silage from the structured face seems to suffer less interference compared to the silo feed-out face.

scholarly journals Agronomic Comparison and In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Eight Sorghums at Two Locations in Puerto Rico.

1969 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Salvio Torres-Cardona ◽  
Antonio Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
Fred Miller
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Eight sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes were evaluated during four consecutive 60-day cuttings at two locations in Puerto Rico. Differences between genotypes and cuttings were significant for the eight traits studied (green forage yield, content and yield of dry matter and crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, plant height and leaf area). The location x genotype interaction was significant for most traits except dry matter content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). At both locations the best dry forage producers over the 240-day period were ATx623 x Rio and ATx623 x TMTx430 with 34 and 30 t/ha, respectively, al Isabela; and 20 and 19 t/ha, respectively at Mayagüez. Average IVDMD and crude protein values of hybrids were 58 and 10.2%, respectively. Rio was lowest in dry forage yield but highest in IVDMD value: 62%. Leaf area had a high positive correlation with the three yield criteria. A rough estimate of net profit from growing forage sorghum in Puerto Rico for milk production is $1,211/ha.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Levels of Sulphur and Potassium and their Interactions on Different Quality and Storage Parameters of Potato

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Muzamil A. Rather ◽  
M. A. Chattoo ◽  
T. A. Bhat ◽  
F. Mushtaq ◽  
M. Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
And Storage

Quality and storage attributes are major concern for potato cultivators as well as processors. Therefore an investigation was carried out to study influence of different levels of sulphur and potassium on different quality and storage parameters of potato. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications of two factors with four levels of each factor. The two factors were S (sulphur) and K (potassium) with four levels as, S0 (control or no sulphur), S1 (20 kg S ha-1), S2 (40 kg S ha-1) and S3 (60 kg S ha-1) where as potassium levels were, K0 (control or no potassium), K1 (100 kg K ha-1), K2 (125 kg K ha-1) and K3 (150 kg K ha-1). Maximum value (1.48 g cc-1) for specific gravity, Soluble solid content (6.31 0Brix), vitamin C (16.58 mg 100 g-1), crude protein content(1.93%) and Dry matter content (23.09%) in tubers were recorded with S3 (60 kg ha-1) , besides significantly lower values of physiological weight loss (17.50%), sprouting (16.93%) and rotting (15.04%) were also recorded with S3 (60 kg ha-1) level followed by S2 (40 kg S ha-1). Significantly maximum values of quality traits like specific gravity (1.79 g cc-1), Soluble solid content (6.92 0Brix), vitamin C (21.62 mg 100 g-1), crude protein content (2.35%), Dry matter content (25.49%) in tubers were recorded with K3 (150 kg K ha-1), further significantly lower values of physiological weight loss (13.89%), sprouting (11.47 %) and rotting loss (9.92%) were recorded with S3 (150 kg K ha-1). Conjugation of 150 kg K ha-1 K+ 60 kg S ha-1 recorded maximum values of quality traits specific gravity (1.80), soluble solid content (7.63 0Brix), vitamin C (22.10 mg 100 g-1), crude protein content (2.49%) and dry matter content (25.92%), however S content of 0.367% was recorded with K3S3(150 kg K + 60 kg S ha-1), besides significantly lower values of physiological weight loss (13.47%), sprouting (10.44%) and rotting loss (5.43%) followed by S3K3 treatment.

EFFECT OF HARVEST DATES ON YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF FORAGE KALE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
L. J. HALLIDAY ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON ◽  
U. C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L. ’Maris Kestrel’) was sown on 27 May and harvested at 18- to 22-d intervals between 16 Sept. and 6 Dec. in 1985 and 1986. Dry matter accumulated until early November and then declined at about 19 kg ha−1 d−1 until the final harvest. In vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) ranged from 916 to 952 g kg−1 among harvest dates. Crude protein was similar for most harvest dates. Hemi-cellulose content decreased in 1985 but not in 1986 while cellulose content decreased in 1986 but not in 1985. Lignin content increased from 25 to 43 g kg−1 between mid-September and early December. The cell content peaked at 814 g kg−1 in mid-November. There was an increase in S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) concentration of leaves from 1.4 g kg−1 to 6.2 g kg−1 between the first and last harvest dates. Potassium concentrations increased in 1985 and decreased in 1986 from September to December while concentrations of P and S were not influenced by harvest dates. With later harvests, both Ca and Mg concentrations decreased while B decreased in 1985 but not in 1986. Zinc concentrations peaked in October in 1986 while in 1985 they were similar for the five harvest dates. Iron concentrations fluctuated in the two years while Cu and Mn concentrations were not influenced by harvest dates. Forage kale provided highly digestible dry matter in late season. The mineral composition of kale was adequate with the exception of Cu, Mn and Zn which would not satisfy the dietary requirements of ruminants. The SMCO concentrations in kale leaves increased steadily from mid-September to early December but were lower than those concentrations considered deleterious to animal health.Key words: Brassica oleracea L., crude protein, hemicellulose, cellulose, SMCO, macronutrients

Yield Performance of Yam Bean in Tonga, South Pacific

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Grum ◽  
M. Halafihi ◽  
O. Stölen ◽  
M. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Varietal Variation ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Yield Trials

SummaryTwenty one accessions of yam bean (Pachyrhizus Rich. ex DC.) were tested in yield trials under short day conditions in Tonga, South Pacific. Fresh weight tuber yields ranged from 5.3 to 72.0 t ha−1, dry matter content from 8.0 to 20.8% and dry matter yields from 1.20 to 8.57 t ha−1. Crude protein content of peeled tubers varied between 5.1 and 9.8% of dry matter, yielding 71–540 kg ha−1 of crude protein. Varietal variation in leaf defoliation by the rose beetle, Adoretus versutus Har., was noted.

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN RATES AND HARVEST SCHEDULES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF WESTERWOLDS RYEGRASS GROWN AS A SUMMER ANNUAL

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Westerwolds ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ’Promenade’) was grown on fine sandy and light loam soils. Nitrogen was applied at 40, 80, or 120 kg/ha after emergence and after both the first and second harvests. The 1st harvest under schedules A, B and C was on 10, 15 and 22 July followed by the 2nd harvest in 28, 37 and 40 days and the 3rd harvest in 30, 50 and 37 days after the 2nd harvest, respectively. The 4th harvest for schedule A was 46 days after the 3rd harvest. Mean dry matter yields ranged from 6.26 to 9.03 t/ha, total N in tissue from 2.09 to 2.99%, in vitro digestibility of dry matter from 73.3 to 76.3%, and dry matter content from 12.1 to 14.1% depending on the N rate and/or harvest schedule. Nitrate-N concentration in plant tissue was low for 40 and 80 kg/N/ha/application but reached up to 0.45% for the 120 kg/ha/application under harvest schedule A. Yield distribution within the season was most uniform for schedule B. A 3-harvest schedule with 80 kg/ha of applied N at seeding and after the 1st and 2nd harvests was suitable management for Promenade Westerwolds ryegrass in this region.

Agronomic comparison of four Panicum hybrids and two cultivars at three cutting intervals ¡n Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Antonio Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
Adolfo Quiles-Belén ◽  
Salvio Torres-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
One Year

Three of the main problems associated with breeding guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), an important tropical forage, are seed shattering; low germination rate; and reproduction, which is by apomixis. Three hybrids were developed at the Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) of the USDA-ARS, from sexual female plants and apomictic selections of guineagrass. In addition, an interspecific hybrid, BPIH104, was made from a cross between Brachiaria purpurascens Raddl and Panicum coloratum L.  The four hybrids, common guineagrass, and Tobiata, an introduction from Brazil, were evaluated at 4-, 6-, and 8-wk cutting intervals (Cl) during one year in a randomized splft-plot design with four replications. Mean dry matter content (DMC), dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein yield (CPY), and plant height (PHt) increased (P < 0.01) from the 4- to the 8-wk Cl, but mean crude protein concentration (CPC) decreased (P < 0.01). In vitro dry mater digestibility (IVDMD) decreased (P < 0.01) only from the 4- to 8-wk Cl. DMC, CPY, and PHt were positively correlated, and CPC and IVDMD negatively correlated, with DMY. At the 8-wk Cl, Tobiata and BPIH104 were the top yielders with annual yields equivalent to 43 and 41 t/ha, respectively. These and the other hybrids deserve further evaluation under grazing management in Puerto Rico.

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