BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL CULTIVARS AS HOSTS FOR ROOT-LESION NEMATODES AND EFFECTS OF NEMATODES ON YIELDS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
C. B. WILLIS ◽  
L. S. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Forage Yields

Results of a greenhouse test with eight cultivars and two selections of birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., indicated that forage yields were significantly reduced by Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb 1917) Filip. and Stek. 1941. Forage yields of all cultivars and selections at the fifth and sixth cuttings and total yields for the 285-day experimental period were significantly lower than non-infested checks. Root production was significantly reduced by P. penetrans. Reductions in forage yield and root production as a result of nematode infestation were similar for all cultivars and selections. Nematode increase by the end of the experimental period did not differ significantly among cultivars or selections. In a field test, forage yields, numbers of nematodes recovered from rootlets, and recovery of Fusarium spp. fungi from rootlets and tap roots did not differ significantly among seven cultivars.

INFLUENCE OF CARBOFURAN AND BENOMYL ON YIELD AND PERSISTENCE OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. WILLIS ◽  
L. S. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Persistence ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Forage Yields

The effects of a preseeding application of the nematicide carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) and the fungicide benomyl (methyl-1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate), alone and in combination, on birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were determined in the field. The nematicide and fungicide + nematicide treatments controlled root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) in soil and roots for two growing seasons and increased forage yield for the same periods. The reduction in the number of root sections with Fusarium spp. was comparable for the nematicide and fungicide treatments and greater for the fungicide + nematicide treatment for two growing seasons. Nematode numbers were greater in fungicide-treated plots and forage yields were lower for two growing seasons. The nematicide and fungicide had no effect on forage yield, nematode numbers or fungus recovery in the third growing season. Plant persistence was not affected by the nematicide or fungicide, alone or in combination.

EFFECT OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE ON YIELD OF FOUR FORAGE LEGUMES UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Willis ◽  
L. S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Foliage yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were reduced by root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. and Stekh, 1941]. Foliage yields generally decreased with increased infestation levels. Significant yield reductions were recorded at the time of first cutting for white clover and birdsfoot trefoil, but not until several cuts later for red clover and alfalfa. Mean yields of birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, alfalfa, and white clover infested with 7,500 nematodes per pail were 50, 73, 83, and 93%, respectively, of control yields.

EFFECT OF NEMATICIDES ON ROOT LESION NEMATODES AND FORAGE LEGUME YIELDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. THOMPSON ◽  
C. B. WILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

A field study was made on the effectiveness of seven nematicides in reducing root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) numbers in soil and roots of alfalfa, red clover, and birdsfoot trefoil. Each of the nematicides significantly reduced the number of nematodes recovered from soil 2 and 14 months after seeding, and from roots 4 and 16 months after seeding. Nematicide treatments significantly increased first cut (August) yields of red clover, alfalfa, and birdsfoot trefoil in the seeding year by 55, 28, and 47%, respectively. Total yields for the seeding year were increased by 22, 22, and 40%, respectively. Sixteen months after seeding, significantly more nematodes were recovered from birdsfoot trefoil roots than from red clover, and more from red clover than from alfalfa. The recovery of Fusarium spp. from rootlets 4 months after seeding was not affected by nematicide treatments; however, Fusarium spp. were recovered less frequently from birdsfoot trefoil than from red clover or alfalfa rootlets.

scholarly journals Invasion and reproduction of Pratylenchus penetrans in birdsfoot trefoil cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kimpinski ◽  
Y.A. Papadopoulos ◽  
B.R. Christie ◽  
K.B. McRae ◽  
C.E. Gallant
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Screening Trial

Greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the levels of invasion of birdsfoot trefoil(Lotus corniculatus) cultivars and lines by the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchuspenetrans). Numbersof nematodesin roots grown in 50-cm3 polystyrene starter pots were determined 6 weeks after planting. Nematodes were detected in the roots of all cultivars and lines, though the degree of invasion varied significantly. In the first screening trial, carried out in 1994 on 23 cultivars and lines, NB90-104, Upstart, and Viking harbored the lowest population densities of nematodes with levels below 1 000 g-1 of dry root, while Fergus and EPF had population densities over 30 000 g-1 of dry root. In the second screening trial conducted in 1995, all nine cultivars and lines tested, including NB90-104, Upstart, and Viking, had nematode levels greater than 7 900 g-1 of dry root. The results indicated that the cultivars and lines tested in this study exhibited wide genetic variability for invasion by root-lesion nematodes.

INFLUENCE OF FENSULFOTHION AND FENAMIPHOS ON ROOT LESION NEMATODE NUMBERS AND YIELD OF FORAGE LEGUMES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. THOMPSON ◽  
C. B. WILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

A field study was made of the effects of three rates of fenamiphos [ethyl-3-methyl-4-(methylthio) phenyl (1-methylethyl) phosphoramidate] and fensulfothion [O,O-diethyl O-(p-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl) phosphorothioate] on root lesion nematode numbers (Pratylenchus spp.), and on forage yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Both nematicides, at the rates tested (fensulfothion − 11.2, 22.4 and 44.8 kg/ha; fenamiphos − 5.6, 11.2 and 22.4 kg/ha) reduced populations of root lesion nematodes in the soil, as well as in rootlets of the three forage legumes. Seeding year yields were increased by both nematicides. Neither nematicide resulted in substantial yield increases at the time of the the first cut (June) of the second growing season, but did result in considerably increased yields at the time of the second and third cuts. At the same rates of application, fenamiphos provided better control of nematodes than did fensulfothion, particularly with increasing time following treatment. The larger total yield increases for the two growing seasons from fenamiphos-treated plots were coincident with better root lesion nematode control. Fewer alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil and red clover taproots were infected by Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in fenamiphos-treated plots, where there were fewer root lesion nematodes, than in check plots. Laboratory tests indicated that field rates of fensulfothion and fenamiphos were not fungicidal to a number of soil fungi, including Fusarium spp. and R. solani, found associated with forage legume roots.

Growth of `Bartlett' Pear Seedlings in Response to Number of Root-lesion Nematodes and Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-320
Author(s):  
J.L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

The effects of temperature and root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] on the growth of newly germinated `Bartlett' pear seedlings (Pyrus communis L.) were examined. At five temperatures from 10 to 30C, P. penetrans (five per gram of soil) did not purple the leaves. After 8 weeks, leaf number, trunk height, and top and root weights were reduced only at 25C. The number of P. penetrans in the roots were greatest at 15 and 20C. At 20C, P. penetrans (16 per gram of soil) caused the leaves of seedlings to turn purple, and, by 6 weeks after treatment, the nematodes had reduced leaf production, trunk elongation, and top and root growth.

Pratylenchus penetrans and the potato early dying disease.

2021 ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Ann E. MacGuidwin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Potato Early Dying ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Early Dying Disease ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Early Dying ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Growing Region

Abstract Pratylenchus penetrans is a cosmopolitan species reported from 69 countries representing every continent except Antarctica. P. penetrans has a wide host range including potato and is found throughout the potato growing region of the northern USA. Most potato fields are infested with the fungus Verticillium dahliae as well as root lesion nematodes, and a disease interaction between the two has been demonstrated for multiple soil types, potato cultivars and production regions. The significance of the interaction between P. penetrans and V. dahliae is that it is synergistic rather than additive. This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, symptoms of damage, biology and life cycle, recommended integrated nematode management and management optimization of P. penetrans. Future research requirements are also mentioned.

THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC TREATMENTS AND CROP ROTATION ON SOIL POPULATIONS OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN STRAWBERRY CULTURE

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Morgan ◽  
W. B. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

As a source of organic material in strawberry culture, composted timothy hay resulted in the greatest depression of soil populations of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb. 1917) Filip & Stek., 1941. In contrast, actively growing timothy sod caused the largest increase in soil nematodes.In a crop rotation, timothy also resulted in high populations of P. penetrans while beans lowered the numbers appreciably.

Pratylenchus penetrans and P. neglectus in tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Ontario

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. H. A. Olthof ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Mist Chamber ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) were extracted from peels of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum 'Russet Burbank'). The average number of P. penetrans recovered over a 2-wk period in a mist chamber from four batches of tubers, stored for 3–18 wk at 7 °C in a cold room, ranged from 11 to 1925 nematodes tuber−1. An average of 374 Pratylenchus neglectus tuber−1 were recovered from the peels of potato Norchip, grown in soil containing on average 4370 nematodes kg−1 of soil at harvest, and stored for 19 wk at 7 °C. P. penetrans and P. neglectus were recovered only from the outer layer of potato tubers; none was found in the inner core. Planting halves of tubers containing an average of 1925 P. penetrans tuber−1 into nematode-free soil resulted in soil population densities of 2225 P. penetrans kg−1 of soil and root population densities of 884 nematodes root system−1 after 8 wk in the greenhouse. Although many, if not most, potato fields in southern Ontario are already infested by P. penetrans, these studies have shown that stored, infested tubers can initiate a new infestation. Key words: Peel, potato tuber, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, root-lesion nematode, Solanum tuberosum

scholarly journals Wild and Cultivated Strawberries Can Tolerate or Resist Root-lesion Nematode

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Potter ◽  
Adam Dale
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Fragaria Virginiana ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Population Counts

Intraspecific crossing of `Guardian' and `Midway' cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) produced a family of genotypes, some of which suppressed root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] population counts and produced large berries and high yield. Unlike `Midway', `Guardian' also suppressed P. penetrans. Among several beach strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.] and woodland strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) genotypes, variation was found in resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematodes. Three F. chiloensis genotypes showed tolerance, and at least two genotypes may be somewhat resistant. Three F. virginiana genotypes also were tolerant, and three were resistant. Also, one (`Little Cataraqui 4') combined root growth vigor with nematode resistance. We concluded that exploitable genetic diversity in vigor and reaction to root-lesion nematodes exists in wild Fragaria and in F. ×ananassa.

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