MATERNAL INFLUENCE IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL ON THE SEEDLING VIGOR OF THE PROGENY

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. TWAMLEY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Early Type ◽  
The One ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Several hundred two-year-old nursery plants originating in the early-type trefoil cultivar Maitland were rated for flowering maturity, morphological features and growth pattern. Open-pollination seed was collected from these and 100-seed weight determinations were made.The experimental material was organized into two sections for testing purposes. In one, the effect of maternal maturity on the seedling vigor of the progeny was studied and in the other the effect of maternal morphology. Each section was made up of five classes, varying either in maturity or in morphology. Each class contained either nine or ten progeny lines. The range in seed size was similar for all classes. No relationship was found between maturity, morphological type or growth habit of the maternal parent on the one hand and the seedling vigor rating of their progeny at six and ten weeks of age on the other.The breeding implications of these findings are discussed.

HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN DRY BUSH BEANS, Phaseolus vulgaris L.

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ARIEL GUTIERREZ ◽  
SHREE P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
The One ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Heterosis and inbreeding depression in 13 crosses involving 10 dry bush bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., lines and varieties are reported for days to maturity, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, seeds per pod, and bean yield. Six crosses showed positive heterosis (27.8–47.3%) over the mid-parent value for bean yield. Parents in each of these heterotic crosses differed for growth habit, seed size and geographical origin. But none of the F1 hybrids yielded significantly better than the highest yielding parental line. None of the crosses showed heterosis for pods per plant. All significant heterotic values for seeds per pod were negative. For 100-seed weight three crosses, both parents of which had small seeds, showed positive heterosis but one cross which had a significant negative value had one parent with small seeds and the one with large seeds. One heterotic cross each for bean yield and 100-seed weight showed subsequent inbreeding depression. But five crosses for bean yield, and one cross for 100-seed weight showing positive heterosis did not exhibit reduction due to inbreeding. Also, some crosses which either had nonsignificant or negative heterotic values for bean yield and yield components showed positive effects of inbreeding, i.e. the F2 outperformed the corresponding F1 hybrids. Possible causes for these phenomena are discussed.Key words: Bean, heterosis, inbreeding depression

scholarly journals Inheritance and Linkage Map Positions of Genes Conferring Agromorphological Traits inLens culinarisMedik.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopesh C. Saha ◽  
Ashutosh Sarker ◽  
Weidong Chen ◽  
George J. Vandemark ◽  
Fred J. Muehlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Epistatic Effects ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Diameter

Agromorphological traits have immense importance in breeding lentils for higher yield and stability. We studied the genetics and identified map positions of some important agro-morphological traits including days to 50% flowering, plant height, seed diameter, 100 seed weight, cotyledon color, and growth habit inLens culinaris. Earlier developed RILs for stemphylium blight resistance (ILL-5888 × ILL-6002), contrasted for those agro-morphological traits, were used in our study. Three QTLs for days to 50% flowering were detected with additive and epistatic effects. One QTL for days to 50% flowering, QLG483(QTL at linkage group 4 at 83 cM position), accounted for an estimated 20.2% of the variation, while QLG124 × QLG1352and QLG484 × QLG138accounted for 15.6% and 24.2% of the variation, respectively. Epistatic effects accounted for most of the variation in plant height, but the main effect of one QTL, QLG84, accounted for 15.3%. For seed diameter, three QTLs were detected, and one QTL, QLG482, accounted for 32.6% of the variation. For 100 seed weight, five QTLs were identified with significant additive effects and four with significant interaction effects. The main effect of one QTL, QLG482, also accounted for 17.5% of the variation in seed diameter. QLG482-83which appears to affect days to 50% flowering, seed diameter, and 100 seed weight is flanked by RAPD markers, UBC 34 and UBC1. Growth habit and cotyledon color are controlled by single genes with prostrate dominant to erect and red cotyledon dominant to yellow. The QTL information presented here will assist in the selection of breeding lines for early maturity, upright growth habit, and improved seed quality.

scholarly journals Loci discovery, network-guided approach, and genomic prediction for drought tolerance index in a multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) cowpea population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waltram Ravelombola ◽  
Ainong Shi ◽  
Bao-Lam Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Drought Tolerance Index ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Advanced Generation ◽  
100 Seed Weight

AbstractCowpea is a nutrient-dense legume that significantly contributes to the population’s diet in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions of the world. Improving cowpea cultivars to be more resilient to abiotic stress such as drought would be of great importance. The use of a multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population has been shown to be efficient in increasing the frequency of rare alleles that could be associated with important agricultural traits. In addition, drought tolerance index has been reported to be a reliable parameter for assessing crop tolerance to water-deficit conditions. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the drought tolerance index for plant growth habit, plant maturity, flowering time, 100-seed weight, and grain yield in a MAGIC cowpea population, to conduct genome-wide association study (GWAS) and identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with the drought tolerance indices, to investigate the potential relationship existing between the significant loci associated with the drought tolerance indices, and to conduct genomic selection (GS). These analyses were performed using the existing phenotypic and genotypic data published for the MAGIC population which consisted of 305 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed at University of California, Riverside. The results indicated that: (1) large variation in drought tolerance indices existed among the cowpea genotypes, (2) a total of 14, 18, 5, 5, and 35 SNPs were associated with plant growth habit change due to drought stress, and drought tolerance indices for maturity, flowering time, 100-seed weight, and grain yield, respectively, (3) the network-guided approach revealed clear interactions between the loci associated with the drought tolerance traits, and (4) the GS accuracy varied from low to moderate. These results could be applied to improve drought tolerance in cowpea through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on marker loci associated with drought tolerance indices in cowpea.

scholarly journals Integration of Extra-Large-Seeded and Double-Podded Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamile Gul Kivrak ◽  
Tuba Eker ◽  
Hatice Sari ◽  
Duygu Sari ◽  
Kadir Akan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Epistatic Effect ◽  
High Price ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Transgressive Segregations ◽  
100 Seed Weight

A large seed size in the kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is important in the market not only due to its high price but also for its superior seedling vigor. The double-podded chickpea has a considerable yield and stability advantage over the single-podded chickpea. The study aimed at (i) integrating extra-large-seeded and double-podded traits in the kabuli chickpea, (ii) increasing variation by transgressive segregations and (iii) estimating the heritability of the 100-seed weight along with important agro-morphological traits in F2 and F3 populations. For these objectives, the large-seeded chickpea, Sierra, having a single pod and unifoliolate leaves, was crossed with the small-seeded CA 2969, having double pods and imparipinnate leaves. The inheritance pattern of the extra-large-seeded trait was polygenically controlled by partial dominant alleles. Transgressive segregations were found for all agro-morphological traits. Some progeny with 100-seed weights of ≥55 g and two pods had larger seed sizes than those of the best parents. As outputs of the epistatic effect of the double-podded gene in certain genetic backgrounds, three or more flowers or pods were found in some progeny. Progeny having imparipinnate leaves or two or more pods should be considered in breeding, since they had higher numbers of pods and seeds per plant and seed yields than their counterparts.

SELECTION METHODS FOR SEEDLING VIGOR IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. TWAMLEY
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Genotype Group ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Selection For

In 1969, 72 large-seeded lines derived through open pollination were used to establish a seedling vigor test upon which three selection schemes were imposed. First, the best 16 lines were identified and their maternal parents intercrossed to form a selection-by-genotype group. Second, vigorous seedlings were selected out of every fourth line, brought to bloom and interpollinated to form a selection-by-phenotype group. Third, from each of the 16 best lines four vigorous seedlings were selected and later intercrossed to form a selection-by-geno-phenotype group. Using the seeds produced, progeny tests were established to evaluate the germplasm selected by the three methods. The genotype method was effective, straightforward, and reasonably reliable. The geno-phenotype method was more variable in results but potentially more rewarding. The phenotype method was the least desirable. The implications of these results in a program of recurrent selection for seedling vigor are discussed.

HERITABILITY OF SEED YIELD COMPONENTS AND SOME VISUALLY EVALUATED CHARACTERS IN REED CANARYGRASS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Bonin ◽  
B. P. Goplen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Using Data

Heritability estimates were obtained for the three principal components of seed yield in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.): seed shattering, seed weight per panicle, and number of panicles per plant. The heritability estimates were based on Lush’s progeny–parent regression method using data from 32 clones and their open-pollination progenies. Estimates were 91% for seed shattering, 74% for seed weight per panicle, 70% for number of panicles per plant, and 36% for theoretical net yield. Four visually evaluated characters had estimated heritabilities of 81% for spring vigor, 67% for growth habit, 88% for panicle color, and 81% for panicle type.Phenotypic correlations were calculated between all pairs of characters studied, using clonal means. Seed yield was found to be significantly correlated with shattering percentage and seed weight per panicle but not with number or panicles per plant. Low shattering was associated with low spring vigor, few panicles per plant, and upright growth habit. Shattering percentage was not significantly correlated with seed weight per panicle.

SEED SIZE AND SEEDLING VIGOR IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Twamley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Screening Techniques ◽  
Laboratory Screening ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

The relationship between seed size and seedling vigor in the field and greenhouse was determined for European-type birdsroot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L).Sixty-four open-pollination progeny lines drawn from a nursery of 2,000 plants were grouped, on the basis of seed size, into eight classes each having eight lines. The largest-seeded lines were about twice as heavy as the smallest. Seedings were made in the greenhouse and in two field sites and the lines were evaluated visually and by weight for seedling vigor.The larger-seeded lines, on the average, outperformed the smaller ones but even they contained some poorer material. However, the best six lines all originated in the three larger-seeded classes. Forage yield in the greenhouse at six weeks of age provided a good index for predicting seedling vigor in the field.Suggestions are made for carrying out a breeding program aimed at developing a strain of trefoil excelling in seedling vigor. The scheme envisages the use of two laboratory screening techniques destined to eliminate all but the most vigorous lines and thereby to reduce the number of lines to be field-tested to 10% of the original population.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

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