EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BY IRRIGATED GRASS AS RELATED TO FERTILIZER

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Krogman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Efficiency of water use by a mixed sward of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), and bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), fertilized with three levels each of nitrogen and phosphorus in all combinations and irrigated to promote maximum growth, was increased with increasing applied nitrogen. Yield response to nitrogen fertilizer was large and to phosphorus fertilizer was small. When total dry plant material exceeded about 4 metric tons/ha, increases of evapotranspiration with increased crop size were relatively small. The greatest daily rates of crop growth and the most efficient use of water by the crop occurred in midsummer on plots fertilized with nitrogen at 420 kg/ha. The ratios of evapotranspiration to estimated solar radiation expressed as evaporation equivalent were similar to those reported for crops in the western United States.

COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR CONTENTS OF FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
R. B. CARSON ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Each of the species birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in the field on 10 plots sampled at weekly intervals in rotation from June 13. Each plot was resampled after 6 weeks and all samples were analyzed for copper, molybdenum and sulfur. In most species, levels of Cu and Mo were highest in the early samplings and decreased with advancing maturity. Second-cut samples tended to be higher in Cu, Mo and S than first-cut samples. The S content was more uniform in the first cycle but increased considerably in the second cycle, especially in reed canarygrass. The ranges in Cu content were 7.4 to 14.1 ppm for birdsfoot trefoil and 3.7 to 11.4 ppm for the grasses. Mo ranged from 1.9 to 8.1 ppm in birdsfoot trefoil and from 1.0 to 6.5 ppm in the grasses. The overall range in S content was from 0.14 to 0.95%. The mineral composition of the crops is discussed in relation to the requirement of ruminants for these three elements.

EFFECTS OF CLIPPING AND NITROGEN ON COMPETITION BETWEEN THREE PASTURE SPECIES

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Wilson ◽  
W. S. MoGuire
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

In three herbage mixtures comprised of different combinations of orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L., creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., and common white clover, Trifolium repens L., highest yields of the grasses were obtained when 1) harvesting was delayed until only 2 per cent of the incident light near mid-day penetrated to the base of the sward rather than at 10 per cent penetration, 2) a 2-inch rather than a 4-inch stubble was left after cutting, and 3) nitrogen fertilizer was applied. The same cutting treatments gave maximum yields of the associated clover without nitrogen fertilization, but when nitrogen was applied higher clover yields were obtained when cutting was at 10 per cent light penetration. Yields of the two grasses were approximately the same when grown with clover only, but in the two-grass association orchardgrass held the fescue to a low proportion in the mixture.Results did not support the concept of maintaining a specified minimum leaf area index (LAI) for maximum yield of the herbage mixture.

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND TAXONOMIC NOTES ON NORTHERN GRASSES: II. TRIBE FESTUCEAE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Numbers

Chromosome numbers and voucher specimens are recorded for some collections of the tribe FESTUCEAE Dumort., mainly collected in Canada. The somatic chromosome numbers of the following are recorded: (1a) Arctagrostis arundinacea (Trin.) Beal var. arundinacea, 2n = 28, 2n = 29, and 2n = 30; (1b) Arctagrostis arundinacea (Trin.) Beal var. crassispica Bowden, 2n = 56; (1c) Arctagrostis latifolia (R.Br.) Griseb., 2n = 56. (2) Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern., 2n = 14. (3) Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv., two vars., 2n = 22. (4a) Bromus ciliatus L., 2n = 14; (4b) Bromus inermis Leyss., two subspecies and two vars., 2n = 56; (4e) Bromus kalmii A. Gray, 2n = 14; (4d) Bromus porteri (Coult.) Nash, 2n = 14; (4c) Bromus tectorum L., 2n = 14. (5) Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. var. laurentiana Fern., 2n = 20. (6) Dactylis glomerata L., 2n = 28. (7) Distichlisstricta (Torr.) Rydb., 2n = 40. (8a) Dupontiafisheri R.Br, subsp. fisheri, 2n = 132; (8b) Dupontia fisheri R.Br, subsp. psilosantha (Rupr.) Hultén, 2n = 44. (9) Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev., 2n = 28. (10a) Festuca altaica Trin., 2n = 28; (10b) Festuca baffinensis Polunin, 2n = 28; (10c) Festuca brachyphylla Schultes, 2n = 42 and one collection, 2n = 44; (10d) Festuca elatior L., 2n = 14; (10e) Festuca obtusa Bieler, 2n = 42; (10f) Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fern. var. lasiolepis Fern., 2n = 50; (10g) Festuca rubra L., 2n = 42; (10h) Festuca saximontana Rydb., 2n = 42; (10i)Festuca scabrella Torr. ex Hook., two vars., 2n = 56 and 2n = 28. (11a) Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder, 2n = 20; (11b) Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin., 2n = 60; (11c) Glyceria grandis S. Wats., 2n = 20; (11d) Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) Hubb., 2n = 40; (11e) Glyceria pulchella (Nash) K. Schum., 2n = 20; (11f) Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc, 2n = 20; (11g) Glyceria × gatineauensis Bowden (G. melicaria × G. striata), 2n = 30; (11h)Glyceria × ottawensis Bowden (G. canadensis × G. striata), three nothomorphs, 2n = 42, 2n = 46, and 2n = 48. (12) Lolium rigidum Gaud., 2n = 14. (13a) Phippsiaalgida (Sol.) R.Br., 2n = 28; (13b) Phippsia concinna (Th. Fries) Lindeb., 2n = 28. (14) Pleuropogon sabinei R.Br., 2n = 42. (15) Schizachnepurpurascens (Torr.) Swallen, 2n = 20. (16) Torreyochloa fernaldii (Hitchc.) Church, 2n = 14.

Grasses seed storage under genbank conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Zadorozhna ◽  
M.V. Herasimov ◽  
T.P. Shyianova
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Fodder Grasses

The seed viability of 86 acessions of fodder grasses: awnless brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Timothy grass (Phleum pretense L.), crested wheat grass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.), clustered wheat grass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. et Scult.f.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.), red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), gigantea fescue (Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill.), blue fescue (Festuca inarmata Schur. (Festuca amethystina (Hack. ex Boiss.) St.-Yves)), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), tall oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. S. et K. B. Presl.), slender wheat grass (Roеgneria trachycaulon (Link) Nevski), creeping bent grass (Agrostis alba L.), redtop (Agrostis gigantea Roth.), which were stored under controlled temperature and moisture content 3 – 6 % was investigated. It has been determined that the seeds of these species have different longevity at different storage temperatures under the genebank conditions. Phleum pretense, Phleum pretense, Agropyron cristatum, Lolium multiflorum Festuca rubra seed viability was without changing after storage at temperature 4oC for 10 years and longer. The best seed longevity of grasses were achieved when the seeds are kept at –20oC. Accessions features of different grasses species seed storage are discussed.

Volunteer Kentucky Bluegrass(Poa pratensis)Control in Kentucky Bluegrass Seed Fields

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

The carbon banding technique was evaluated for control of volunteer Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensisL.) while Kentucky bluegrass was established for seed production. At Madras, Oregon, where terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil), diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], and simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] were applied at several rates each, volunteer Kentucky bluegrass control between the carbon bands ranged from 80 to 99+%. At Corvallis, Oregon, where Colonial bentgrass(Agrostis tenuisSibth. ‘Highland’), red fescue(Festuca rubraL. ‘Pennlawn’), perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenneL. ‘NK-100’), and orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerataL. ‘S-143’) were planted to allow identification of volunteer Kentucky bluegrass both between and in the carbon bands, diuron, atrazine, and a combination of diuron and terbacil eliminated volunteer Kentucky bluegrass. Terbacil did not control all Kentucky bluegrass between the bands. None of the herbicide treatments adversely affected crop establishment or seed yield.

Susceptibility of Several Grasses to Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Bingham ◽  
J. Segura ◽  
C. L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The susceptibility of 2- and 4-month-old perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerataL.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.), red fescue (Festuca rubraL.) and highland bentgrass (Agrostis tenuisSibth.) to glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was studied in the greenhouse. All 2-month-old grasses were killed by 0.28 kg/ha and higher rates of glyphosate. At 0.14 kg/ha, red fescue was moderately resistant, and bluegrass, orchardgrass, and perennial ryegrass were moderately susceptible. Bent-grass was very susceptible. When 4-month-old grasses were treated, bluegrass was as tolerant to 0.28 kg/ha of glyphosate as was red fescue. At this same rate, orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were moderately susceptible, whereas bentgrass remained the most susceptible. Dosages lower than 0.28 kg/ha had little effect; whereas higher doages injured all five species.14C-glyphosate was absorbed and translocated via both apoplast and symplast in 1-month-old red fescue, orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass seedlings. Comparatively, less radioactivity was transported to the untreated areas in red fescue than in orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass. Thus, the differential tolerances of these species to low rates of glyphosate may be explained, in part, by differential translocation of glyphosate.

EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY AND CUPPING ON HERBAGE YIELDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Yield Determination

An established mixture of three herbage species was grown in 18-inch square boxes in the greenhouse for 100 days and cut at approximately 11-day intervals for yield determination. Light intensities of 1800-, 600- and 200-foot candles were supplied by combinations of natural daylight, shading, and incandescent light. Dry matter yields of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and common white clover (Trifolium repens) decreased as light intensities were decreased but creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra) yields, although low in comparison with the other species, remained relatively constant. Clover and fescue yields were not affected significantly by the height of stubble left after harvest at any of the light intensities, but at 1800 foot-candles orchardgrass yields were lower when cutting was to a 4-inch rather than to a 2-inch stubble. Clover comprised 50 to 60 per cent of the herbage mixture under all light and stubble treatments even though liberal applications of nitrogenous fertilizer were made.

scholarly journals White grubs (Cyclocephala flavipennis) damaging perennial winter pastures in the South Region of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Gonçalves Duchini ◽  
Joilson Roda Echeverria ◽  
Luana Fidelis Américo ◽  
Gabriela Cristina Guzatti ◽  
Mariana Alejandra Cherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
White Grub ◽  
The South ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dead Plant ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

ABSTRACT: Cyclocephala flavipennis Arrow, 1914 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae), popularly known as white grub, is an insect widely disseminated in the South Region of Brazil. Despite the frequent occurrence of this white grub in areas cultivated with winter cereals, it is generally not considered a pest, since it feeds on straw and dead plant material. However, in 2015 and 2016, this insect has been identified as the damage-causing agent in the perennial winter pastures in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Damage was observed in patches and caused reduction in root depth and mass, resulting in loss of vigor, accelerated senescence in aerial parts, and death of tillers in Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Dactylis glomerata L. plants.

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