EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY AND CUPPING ON HERBAGE YIELDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Yield Determination

An established mixture of three herbage species was grown in 18-inch square boxes in the greenhouse for 100 days and cut at approximately 11-day intervals for yield determination. Light intensities of 1800-, 600- and 200-foot candles were supplied by combinations of natural daylight, shading, and incandescent light. Dry matter yields of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and common white clover (Trifolium repens) decreased as light intensities were decreased but creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra) yields, although low in comparison with the other species, remained relatively constant. Clover and fescue yields were not affected significantly by the height of stubble left after harvest at any of the light intensities, but at 1800 foot-candles orchardgrass yields were lower when cutting was to a 4-inch rather than to a 2-inch stubble. Clover comprised 50 to 60 per cent of the herbage mixture under all light and stubble treatments even though liberal applications of nitrogenous fertilizer were made.

COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR CONTENTS OF FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
R. B. CARSON ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Each of the species birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in the field on 10 plots sampled at weekly intervals in rotation from June 13. Each plot was resampled after 6 weeks and all samples were analyzed for copper, molybdenum and sulfur. In most species, levels of Cu and Mo were highest in the early samplings and decreased with advancing maturity. Second-cut samples tended to be higher in Cu, Mo and S than first-cut samples. The S content was more uniform in the first cycle but increased considerably in the second cycle, especially in reed canarygrass. The ranges in Cu content were 7.4 to 14.1 ppm for birdsfoot trefoil and 3.7 to 11.4 ppm for the grasses. Mo ranged from 1.9 to 8.1 ppm in birdsfoot trefoil and from 1.0 to 6.5 ppm in the grasses. The overall range in S content was from 0.14 to 0.95%. The mineral composition of the crops is discussed in relation to the requirement of ruminants for these three elements.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SALINITY AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE GROWTH OF PORPHYRIDIUM CRUENTUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Leyla USLU
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Porphyridium Cruentum ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Density Values

In the study, Porphyridium cruentum was cultured under laboratory conditions at 20±2°C, 16:8 (light:dark) photoperiod and continuous aeration to different salinity (20‰, 30‰, 40‰) and two different light intensities (37 µmol m-2s-1 photon and 110 µmol m-2s-1 photon) and growth was determined. Dry matter, optical density and chlorophyll a parameter were used to determine growth. The best growth was determined in culture with a salinity of 30‰ at 110 µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity. In this group, the optical density (OD) was 1.504±0.003 and the dry matter amount was 1.327gl-1. In the case of 37µmol µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity, the optical density values were found to be similar in groups with 30‰ and 50‰ salinity and were found to be 1.234±0.004 and 1.215±0.002, respectively. The amounts of dry matter were also similar; 1.168gl-1 and 1.159gl-1, respectively. While the lowest growth was in the culture at 37 µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity and 20‰ salinity. The optical density obtained on the last day of this group was 1.165±0.004 and the dry matter amount was determined as 0.986gl-1. The amount of chlorophyll a was determined in the cultured groups at the best 37 µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity.

AN ANALYSIS OF DRY MATTER PRODUCTION OF DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Brix
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

Seedlings of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were grown in growth chambers under all combinations of three temperatures (13, 18, and 24 °C) and three light intensities (450, 1000, and 1800 ft-c). Dry matter production of leaves, stem, and roots was determined at 65 and 100 days after germination. The leaf area produced per unit of leaf dry weight and the dry matter distribution to the plant organs was measured. Net assimilation rates between the ages of 65 and 100 days were calculated. Rates of photosynthesis per unit of leaf were determined at different light intensities and temperatures, and rates of respiration of plant top and of roots were found for different temperatures.Increasing light intensity affected dry matter production in two opposing ways: (i) it increased the rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area, and (ii) it decreased the leaf area added per unit of dry matter produced. A pronounced increase in growth with increase in temperature from 13 to 18 °C was a result of a temperature influence on production of leaf area rather than the effect of photosynthesis per unit of leaf. Net assimilation rates decreased with increase in temperature at all light intensities.

Intraspecific competition in experimental populations of weeds

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1415-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marc Deschênes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Respective Species

Red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), and mouse-eared chickweed (Cerastium vulgatum L.) were seeded at six densities under greenhouse conditions. Total dry matter production per pot (shoots and roots) increased as density increased for every species until a point was reached where a further increase of the density did not result in a higher production per pot. All species produced about the same shoot yield per pot. Root production per pot, however, was different among the species. The shoot–root ratio was the highest for mouse-eared chickweed, the lowest for red fescue, and intermediate for yarrow. All species exhibited fairly high germination and very low mortality, except yarrow. The three species displayed considerable plasticity in yield and in seed production per pot from low to high densities. The reproductive behavior varied between the species. Red fescue remained vegetative. Sexual reproduction of yarrow decreased drastically with increasing density. Mouse-eared chickweek maintained a large seed production over the whole range of densities. The population of the respective species seemed regulated by (1) individual plasticity and vegetative reproduction (red fescue), (2) individual plasticity, mortality, and limited seed production (yarrow), and (3) individual plasticity and high seed production (mouse-eared chickweed).

Effects of autumn harvest date on the performance of white clover/grass mixtures in Nova Scotia

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fraser ◽  
K. Sutherland ◽  
R. C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Clover Content

SUMMARYWhite clover (Trifolium repens L.) is well adapted to the cool moist climate of Atlantic Canada, where it improves digestibility and protein content in pastures, but little is known about its role in pasture stockpiled for autumn grazing in this region. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of autumn harvest dates on dry matter yield and clover content in herbage mixtures. Two experiments conducted in Nova Scotia between 1985 and 1991 on two different soil types showed that the effects of autumn harvest dates were inconsistent from year to year. Herbage growth rates ranged from 11 to 41 kg/ha per day between early September and mid-October. Clover content was generally lower in August–early September than in November harvests and declined in subsequent years irrespective of harvest date or forage species. Kersey White and Sonja white clovers were the highest yielding cultivars. Crude protein declined in late autumn harvests whereas acid detergent fibre tended to increase, and there were differences between years. Forage quality was significantly better in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) than orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)/white clover mixtures.

Relations between fibre and water soluble carbohydrate contents of pasture species and their digestibility and voluntary intake by sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (61) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Michell
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) levels were determined on 80 samples of known apparent dry matter digestibility (DMD) and voluntary intake of dry matter (DMI). The pastures consisted of regrowths of six species: Trifolium repens (white clover cv. Grasslands Huia), Lolium perenne x L. multiflorum (short rotation ryegrass c.v Grasslands Manawa), Lolium perenne (long rotation ryegrass cv. Grasslands Ariki), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass cv. Tasmania No. I), Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot cv. Currie) and Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot cv. Grasslands Apanui), cut eight times between May 1969 and August 1970. Overall, white clover had a lower NDF and a lower WSC content than the ryegrasses but both groups had similar ADF contents. Cocksfoots had higher NDF and ADF, and lower WSC contents than the ryegrasses. NDF and ADF could be used to predict the DMD of all species in all seasons with residual standard deviations (RSD) of 3.0 and 3.2 DMD units (per cent) respectively. No significant relations (P < 0.05) were present between DMD and WSC content. Seasonal differences were present in the relations between DMI and chemical composition. The RSD of the overall regressions of intake with NDF, ADF, and WSC contents were 9.3, 9.4, and 8.9 DMI units (g/day/kg0.75) respectively. Within seasons, DMI was best predicted by regressions with detergent fibre content and here the RSD had a range of 3.4 to 5.2 DMI units. Within species over all seasons, DMI was predicted best by regressions with WSC content and the RSD had a range of 5.7 to 7.9 DMI units. The usefulness of the chemical composition measurements in explaining the reason for the low intakes, previously found with winter pasture, is discussed.

Gross energy levels in regrowths of six pasture species, and relations with digestibility and chemical composition

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Michell
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy

Gross energy levels and energy digestibilities were determined on 80 single species pasture samples of known dry matter digestibility. Crude protein, ash and ether extract levels were also determined. The pastures consisted of regrowths of six species, Trifolium repens (White clover cv. Grasslands Huia), Lolium perenne x multiflorum (manawa ryegrass cv. Grasslands Manawa), Lolium (multiflorum x perenne) x L. perenne (ariki ryegrass cv. Grasslands Ari ki), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass cv. Tasmanian No. 1), Dactylis glomerata (currie cocksfoot cv. Currie) and Dactylis glomerata (apanui cocksfoot cv. Grasslands Apanui), harvested eight times between May 1969 and August 1970. The gross energy levels in pasture dry matter and pasture digestible organic matter were highest with white clover (means 4.64 and 4.98 K cal g-1) and lowest with the ryegrasses (4.50 and 4.80 K cal g-1). They were also higher in the winter (4.60 and 4.91), autumn (4.53 and 4.90) and spring (4.56 and 4.86), and lower in the summer (4.49 and 4.77). Relations between gross energy levels and chemical composition were weak. The strongest relation was with crude protein content (r = +0.41, P < 0.01). Relations of energy digestibility and digestible energy level in pasture dry matter, with dry matter digestibility had high correlations (r = +0.97, P < 0.01, and r = +0.92, P < 0.01) and were similar to previously published relations. However, seasonal differences occurred in both relations and, at low dry matter digestibilities, winter pasture had higher energy digestibilities and higher levels of digestible energy than spring-summer pasture. Species differences occurred in the latter relation and, at high dry matter digestibilities, white clover had higher levels of digestible energy than the grasses.

The effect of lime and phosphate on soils and sown species in the Falkland Islands

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Improved Pasture

SUMMARYExperiments to determine the effects of a range of applied lime and phosphate treatments on the establishment of species and the subsequent herbage production in the first and second seasons following sowing on four sites in the Falkland Islands are described and the results discussed.Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense and Poa pratensis established, successfully yielding up to 4·5 t D.M./ha per year with inputs of 55 kg N, 50 kg P and 20 kg K/ha. Applied P increased the yield of herbage and produced a small, though significant, increase in P status of the soil.The lowest level of applied lime (0·63 t/ha) increased the soil pH to 5·0 and although this did not affect the yield or botanical composition of the grass component of the sward it did affect the presence and nodulation of white clover.The problems of establishing white clover are presented in view of the severe limitations on the use of lime and fertilizer in the Islands. The implications of grazing this improved pasture are discussed in relation to increased pasture production and improved soil fertility.

The yield and composition of kale and cabbage with and without nitrogenous top-dressing

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
A. S. Foot ◽  
Zena D. Hosking ◽  
S. J. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Manurial Treatment

In 4 consecutive years, 1948 to 1952, combined varietal and manurial trials were carried out to obtain information on the yields of marrow-stem kale, thousand-head kale and cattle cabbage in the presence and absence of sulphate of ammonia applied as a top-dressing at the rate of 6 cwt./acre.Yield and composition of all crops were apparently affected by differences in weather conditions. In most years, and particularly for cabbage, the yield declined with successive harvests.Increased green crop, dry matter and crude protein yields resulted from the application of nitrogenous fertilizer in 3 years, but in the other year, a very dry season, the response to the top-dressing was negligible.Marrow-stem kale both with and without the additional fertilizer, yielded more, in terms of fresh crop, dry matter and crude protein, than thousandhead kale with the same manurial treatment. Cabbage yields often approached those of marrowstem kale at the first harvest, but were nearer to those of thousand-head by the last harvest of each year.

scholarly journals Bio-Monitoring Study on Tropospheric Ozone Using White Clover at Bangladesh Agricultural University Farming Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Islam ◽  
MA Ashraf ◽  
MA Sattar
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Bio Monitoring ◽  
Total Plant

A pot experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Dept. of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to asses the visual ozone injury in white clover crops (Trifolium repens cv. Regal) started from May 13, 2007. Two genotypes of white clover were used of which one was ozone susceptible (NC-S) and the other was ozone resistant (NC-R). Each genotype was replicated into 20. The data on total plant dry matter harvested thrice at 28 days interval resulted in increasing biomass gradually in later harvests. The Monthly mean ozone values collected from passive ozone sampler during April to August’07 was recorded as 29, 35, 49, 28, and 61 ppb respectively, which seemed that ozone concentrations in the troposphere is increasing gradually in Bangladesh. The susceptible NC-S showed visual ozone injury symptom from very slightly (0-1%) to slight (1-5%) where as the resistant cultivar showed no visual injury symptom. The ozone susceptible cultivar generally produced comparatively less biomass than the resistant one at every harvest.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18243 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 215 - 222, 2007 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document