EFFECT OF AGE ON THE GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS SEED HARVESTED BY TWO METHODS AT PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF MATURITY

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Combine Method ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Rapid Deterioration ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Time Of Harvest

A study was conducted with Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., to determine the influence of age (storage) on the germination of seed harvested at progressive stages of maturity and on its emergence from a 1-inch (2.54-cm) depth of seeding. Two methods to simulate the straight-combine and swather-combine methods of harvest were used.After five years seed harvested by the straight-combine method germinated less than 60%, whereas seed harvested by the swather-combine method on the last 3 or 4 days before excessive shattering occurred still germinated 75% or higher. Seed harvested at early stages of maturity by either method of harvesting deteriorated in germination to a similar extent. At more mature stages, however, seed harvested by the straight-combine method deteriorated in germination, whereas that harvested by the swather method retained high germinability.Seed harvested at early stages of maturity by the swather-combine method showed a more rapid deterioration in emergence than that harvested by the straight-combine method, whereas seed harvested near maturity by either method declined in emergence to a similar extent.Deterioration in the ability of the seed to germinate and emerge from a 1-inch (2.54-cm) depth was closely related to seed size and moisture content of the seed at time of harvest.

Seed morphology and ultrastructure in Citrus garrawayi (Rutaceae) in relation to germinability

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim N. Hamilton ◽  
Sarah E. Ashmore ◽  
Rod A. Drew ◽  
Hugh W. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Immature Seeds

Combinational traits of seed size and seed-coat hardness in Citrus garrawayi (F.M.Bailey) (syn. of Microcitrus garrowayi) were investigated as markers for estimation of seed morphological and physiological maturity. Seed size (length) and coat hardness correlated well with changes in seed coat and embryo morphological development, dry-weight accumulation, decreases in moisture content and a significant increase in germinability. Seed moisture content decreased from 82 ± 1% in immature seeds to 40 ± 1% at seed maturation. The outer integument of immature seeds consisted of thin-walled epidermal fibres from which outgrowths of emerging protrusions were observed. In comparison, mature seed coats were characterised by the thickening of the cell walls of the epidermal fibres from which arose numerous protrusions covered by an extensive mucilage layer. Immature seeds, with incomplete embryo and seed-coat histodiffereniation, had a low mean germination percentage of 4 ± 4%. Premature seeds, with a differentiated embryonic axis, were capable of much higher levels of germination (51 ± 10%) before the attainment of mass maturity. Mature seeds, with the most well differentiated embryonic axis and maximum mean dry weight, had the significantly highest level of germination (88 ± 3%).

Time of harvest, prethreshing treatment and quality in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed crops

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Siddique ◽  
G Somerset ◽  
PB Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Trials on the cultivars Canyon and Gallatin 50 in 1978 and Cascade in 1979 were run in North Queensland to examine ways of improving seed quality of snap beans. The trials concentrated on the maturation period, since this is a critical period for the development of seed quality. We found that seed quality was poor when the crop was cut at the stage when the leaves had fallen and all the pods were dry, or if the plants were cut at any stage and allowed to dry on the ground in single rows. This poor seed quality was associated with high pod temperatures during seed maturation. Cutting the crop before leaf fall, at a seed moisture content close to 50% (20-40% of pods dry) and windrowing immediately in 5 or 10 rows to 1 windrow gave low pod temperatures during seed maturation and high seed quality. Seed harvested and threshed directly off the crop was of good quality provided the seed moisture content in the crop had fallen to less than 25%.

The effect of age on the response of wheat to nutrient stress

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Chapman ◽  
J Keay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Potassium Starvation ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Wheat plants (CV. Gamenya) were deprived of nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium at several stages of development. Starvation for only two weeks affected the growth rate at early stages, but not at later stages, and had no effect on dry-weight of the ear. Continuous starvation for any of the nutrients at any stage up to ear emergence reduced the weight of inflorescence, the reduction being greater the earlier starvation occurred. Starvation of any of the three nutrients after ear emergence had no effect on dry-weight. Potassium starvation before joitning prevented stem elongation more than starvations for nitrogen or phosphorus.

The effect of some fleece characters on the skin wax layer and fleece rot development in Merino sheep following wetting

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ James ◽  
GH Warren ◽  
A Neville
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Proximal Portion ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Initial Thickness ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Tip Formation

This paper describes changes occurring on the skin surface following wetting and during the development of fleece rot and examines the effect of some fleece characters on these changes. One day of wetting reduced the average thickness of the skin wax layer from 7.82 to 4.90 �m, but there was little change In the proportion of the skin surface covered by wax. When hyperaemia of the skin was first noted the proportion of the skin surface covered by wax had decreased from 97.8 to 47.5% and the average thickness of skin wax had decreased to 3.64 �m. Cholesterol content of the skin wax increased steadily from the first day of wetting as fleece rot developed, whereas lanosterol content increased only in the early stages of fleece rot. Suint content of the fleece, measured before wetting commenced, was positively correlated with fleece rot score at all times during wetting. Suint also showed significant correlations with moisture content of the proximal portion of the staple, percentage of the skin surface covered by wax and cholesterol and lanosterol content of the wax. No relationship was observed between fleece rot score and fleece wax content, wettability, staple formation, tip formation, crimp definition or initial thickness of the skin wax layer.

Preservation of dormancy in freshly harvested wheat grain

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Mares
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Freeze Storage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Freezing Treatment ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Freshly harvested grain from 14 varieties of wheat was stored in a deep-freezer at 15�C, or alternatively, in an air-conditioned seed room at 12�C for periods of up to 9 months. Freeze-storage preserved the germination rate of hand-threshed grain at the level observed at harvest, provided that the moisture content of the grain had reached 12%. When frozen grain was transferred to 12�C storage, its germination rate improved with time in parallel with changes observed in freshly harvested seed stored at 12�C from the time of harvest, i.e. after-ripening was not adversely affected by the freezing treatment. This technique should enable greater quantities of material to be screened for low germinability at harvest ripeness and for tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting damage. It also allows the provision of a continuous supply of uniform material for investigations of dormancy and grain after-ripening.

Composition and diversity of fungi on decaying logs in a New Zealand temperate beech (Nothofagus) forest

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Allen ◽  
Peter K Buchanan ◽  
Peter W Clinton ◽  
Angela J Cone
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Cation Concentration ◽  
Nothofagus Forest ◽  
Dominant Pattern

Saprobic fungal taxa on decomposing mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole) logs were investigated in relation to properties of logs including stage of decay, size, nutrient concentration, and moisture content. We also determined whether logs become increasingly heterogeneous in nutrient concentration and moisture content with decay and also whether log heterogeneity related to fungal taxa diversity. Sporocarps were collected from the same 75 logs in spring (November 1995, 80 taxa) and autumn (May 1996, 151 taxa). For both seasons the dominant pattern in fungal taxa composition was only weakly related to measured properties of logs; however, a secondary pattern was found related to a fungal taxa succession reflecting stage of decay. In the autumn collection, Biscogniauxia capnodes (Berk.) Y.-M. Ju & J.D. Rogers and Schizopora nothofagi (G. Cunn.) P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden occurred on small logs in the early stages of decay, with relatively low N. Decayed logs, with relatively high N, were characterized by Marasmius otagensis G. Stev. and Athelia epiphylla Pers. Our observations were not consistent with previously described successional trends from soft- to white- and brown-rot fungi as logs decay. The number of fungal taxa increased with log volume, and, additionally for the autumn collection, with heterogeneity in cation concentration suggesting habitat heterogeneity may be a factor in explaining log fungal taxa diversity.

Relationships among growing degree-days, tenderness, other harvest attributes and market value of processing pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars grown in Quebec

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Fallon, Nicolas Tremblay ◽  
Yves Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
The Relationship

In Quebec, grower income from processing peas is a function of yield and tenderometer reading. If peas are harvested early, the yield is poor, but the overall quality is superior, as indicated by lower tenderometer readings. Later harvests result in g reater yields but reduced quality (higher tenderometer readings). A better understanding of the relationship between harvest time, yield and quality is needed. In this study, the relationships between yield, tenderometer readings, size distribution and grain moisture content were examined as a function of growing degree-days (GDD) and production year for pea cultivars of different seed size categories. Yield and harvest attributes (tenderometer readings, seed size distribution and moisture content) were highly season dependent and their rates of change over the course of the harvest period also varied with the cultivar and year. Quality declined rapidly once the crop reached optimal maturity, while yield increased in a less predictable manner. Consequently, it was difficult to identify a harvest time that would consistently maximize grower returns. The highest income was generally not obtained at the optimal tenderometer readings presently used by the industry. Key words: Maturity, harvest date, climate, fresh matter yield, tenderometer, pea size

scholarly journals Effect of age and body weight on carcass traits and meat composition of rabbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Metzger ◽  
M. Odermatt ◽  
A. Szabó ◽  
I. Radnai ◽  
E. Biró-Németh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intermediate Part ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Abstract. A total of 238 Pannon White growing rabbits were slaughtered at 74, 84 and 94 days of age, at an average body weight of 2.53, 2.84 and 3.15 kg, respectively. Within each age group five body weight categories were formed in such a way that the weight difference between two neighbouring groups was equally 0.3 kg. The design of the experiment permitted the separate examination of the effects exerted by age and body weight on carcass traits and on meat chemical composition of the left hind leg (HL) and that of m. Longissimus dorsi (MLD). Dressing out percentage significantly increased with the increase of age in all body weight categories, as well as with the increase of body weight. The effect of age on the ratio of the fore part of the carcass depended on the body weight: significant difference was found in lower body weight categories. The ratio of the intermediate part of the carcass was not affected by age but it increased in rabbits of higher body weight. The ratio of the hind part of the carcass increased in older animals, while it decreased in rabbits of higher body weight, and this decrease was higher in older rabbits. The ratio of the perirenal fat to reference carcass significantly decreased with age in all body weight categories, but it significantly increased in rabbits of higher body weight. With the advancement of age the moisture content of the HL increased, while that of the MLD did not change. With the increase of body weight, moisture content decreased in both the HL and in the MLD. The fat content of both HL and MLD decreased in older animals, while it increased in rabbits of higher body weight.

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