VIRUS ASSAY OF SEEDS FROM SELECTED MONTMORENCY CHERRY TREES

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. George ◽  
T. R. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Reliable Indication ◽  
Virus Assay ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Cherry Trees

Assays for virus content were made on seed from 40 Montmorency sour cherry trees in an orchard where necrotic ring spot and sour cherry yellows viruses were spreading, the former very rapidly. Virus was detected in 3.5% of the ’sound’ seeds from 10 virus-free trees, in 38.4% from 10 trees with shock symptoms, in 77.7% from 6 trees with sour cherry yellows symptoms, and in 93.1% from 7 trees with necrotic ring spot symptoms. The number of seeds with virus, on otherwise virus-free trees, did not provide a reliable indication of the tendency of a tree to become infected. The average percentage of aborted seeds was: sour cherry yellows infected trees 35%, necrotic ring spot trees 22%, trees in shock 28%, and non-infected trees 15%.

EFFECTS OF NECROTIC RING SPOT AND SOUR CHERRY YELLOWS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF YOUNG SOUR CHERRY TREES

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Davidson ◽  
J. A. George
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Block Experiment ◽  
Cherry Trees

In a randomized block experiment sour cherry trees were infected at 1, 2, 4, or 6 years of age with either the necrotic ring spot virus (NRSV) or the sour cherry yellows virus (SCYV) or with both. Tree growth was retarded by both viruses but the effects of SCYV were most severe. A marked retardation of the growth rate following SCYV infection persisted for two to five years depending on the age of the tree when infected. The growth rate of trees infected with both viruses was very similar to that for trees with SCYV only and indicates the predominance of this virus in these combinations. NRSV alone caused a slight reduction in growth rate but there was never an abrupt effect.Because the effects of SCYV on growth and tree form were severe, yields were very low. NRSV caused only a 10 to 30% reduction in growth but the reduction in yield varied from 36 to 56%. Hence the effects of NRS may be of more economic importance than the relatively minor reductions in growth have indicated.

SYMPTOMS OF SOUR CHERRY YELLOWS AND NECROTIC RING SPOT IN RELATION TO TIME OF INOCULATION

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Davidson ◽  
J. A. George
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Patterns ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Rate Of Movement ◽  
Cherry Trees

Each month throughout the growing seasons of 1954 and 1955 two pairs of virus-free Montmorency sour cherry trees were inoculated by budding or patch grafting, one pair with cherry yellows and the other with necrotic ring spot virus. Shock symptoms induced by the two viruses were indistinguishable except that growth was retarded more severely and longer with yellows than with ring spot. However, the type and distribution of initial symptoms varied with the time of inoculation. Four symptom patterns were distinguished, and each was associated with an inoculation period. Seasonal symptom variations also revealed that the rate of movement of the yellows virus differed from that of the ring spot virus.

scholarly journals POLLEN TRANSMISSION OF NECROTIC RING SPOT AND SOUR CHERRY YELLOWS VIRUSES FROM TREE TO TREE

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. George ◽  
T. R. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Pollen Transmission ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Cherry Trees

Montmorency sour cherry trees, 3 years of age and older, became infected more often with necrotic ring spot virus when exposed during May than when caged individually under 32-mesh screen during May. In screened compartments, necrotic ring spot spread only when bees were present during blossoming. Though necrotic ring spot spread to all but 1 untreated tree in a bearing orchard, it did not spread to neighbouring trees from which blossom buds were removed. Finally, necrotic ring spot virus was transferred to at least 4, and sour cherry yellows virus to at least 1 and possibly a second, of 14 trees that were emasculated and then pollinated with pollen from diseased trees. It is concluded that the viruses causing these diseases are transmitted from one cherry tree to another through pollination.

scholarly journals Incidence of Prune dwarf virus and Prunus necrotic ring spot virus in orchards of sweet and sour cherry in the Czech Republic: Short communication

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 118-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Suchá ◽  
L. Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Prune Dwarf Virus ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Cherry Trees

During 2006–2008 field surveys were carried out in the important cherry growing areas of the Czech Republic to assess the incidence of Prune dwarf virus and Prunus necrotic ring spot virus in commercial orchards and nurseries. A total of 1,438 samples from 1,198 sweet cherry trees and from 240 sour cherry trees were tested by ELISA for the presence of Prune dwarf virus and Prunus necrotic ring spot virus. The overall average infection level was 17.7%. The most infected species were sour cherry trees (22.5%). The most frequently detected virus was Prune dwarf virus (10.9%). Prunus necrotic ring spot virus occurred in 6.3% of samples. Our study provided an indication of a sanitary status of sweet and sour cherry in commercial orchards and nurseries in the Czech Republic.  

scholarly journals Characterization of Sour Cherry Isolates of Plum pox virus from the Volga Basin in Russia Reveals a New Cherry Strain of the Virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 972-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Glasa ◽  
Yuri Prikhodko ◽  
Lukáš Predajňa ◽  
Alžbeta Nagyová ◽  
Yuri Shneyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Cherry Trees

Plum pox virus (PPV) is the causal agent of sharka, the most detrimental virus disease of stone fruit trees worldwide. PPV isolates have been assigned into seven distinct strains, of which PPV-C regroups the genetically distinct isolates detected in several European countries on cherry hosts. Here, three complete and several partial genomic sequences of PPV isolates from sour cherry trees in the Volga River basin of Russia have been determined. The comparison of complete genome sequences has shown that the nucleotide identity values with other PPV isolates reached only 77.5 to 83.5%. Phylogenetic analyses clearly assigned the RU-17sc, RU-18sc, and RU-30sc isolates from cherry to a distinct cluster, most closely related to PPV-C and, to a lesser extent, PPV-W. Based on their natural infection of sour cherry trees and genomic characterization, the PPV isolates reported here represent a new strain of PPV, for which the name PPV-CR (Cherry Russia) is proposed. The unique amino acids conserved among PPV-CR and PPV-C cherry-infecting isolates (75 in total) are mostly distributed within the central part of P1, NIa, and the N terminus of the coat protein (CP), making them potential candidates for genetic determinants of the ability to infect cherry species or of adaptation to these hosts. The variability observed within 14 PPV-CR isolates analyzed in this study (0 to 2.6% nucleotide divergence in partial CP sequences) and the identification of these isolates in different localities and cultivation conditions suggest the efficient establishment and competitiveness of the PPV-CR in the environment. A specific primer pair has been developed, allowing the specific reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction detection of PPV-CR isolates.

PURIFICATION AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF VIRUSES CAUSING CHERRY YELLOWS AND RELATED DISEASES

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Willison ◽  
M. Weintraub ◽  
J. D. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Sodium Bisulphite ◽  
Green Ring ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽  
Ring Spot

Virus entities associated with necrotic ring spot, yellows, and green ring mottle of sour cherry, tatter leaf of sweet cherry, prune dwarf, and two viroses of rose have been purified and concentrated from cucumber leaves and/or peach and cherry petals and peach leaves by differential centrifugation. To prevent inactivation of the virus, the Prunus tissues were homogenized with 0.1% potassium cyanide in 2.5% sodium bisulphite. Infective extracts of some of the entities were also prepared by ammonium sulphate precipitation and from aqueous chloroform–amyl-alcohol emulsion. Particles ranging from less than 10 to more than 100 mμ in diameter were observed with the electron microscope in extracts from both healthy and virus-infected sources. In the former, prepared by differential centrifugation, particles were distributed about a series of peaks at 10 mμ intervals and, in the latter, about a single mode characteristic of the entity under examination. Particles associated with different entities ranged from 28 mμ diameter for rose mosaic to 50 mμ for some tatter leaf and green ring mottle isolates. In extracts known to contain two viruses, characteristic distributions of each component of the mixture could be determined if the mean particle diameter of one virus was known and differed from that of the other entity by 5 mμ or more. Evidence based on particle characteristics, supplemented by cross protections and comparative symptomatology suggests that the necrotic ring spot virus is not necessarily involved in the etiology of cherry yellows, prune dwarf, tatter leaf, or green ring mottle.

scholarly journals Characterization of three-dimensional spatial aggregation and association patterns of brown rot symptoms within intensively mapped sour cherry trees

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney E. Everhart ◽  
Ashley Askew ◽  
Lynne Seymour ◽  
Imre J. Holb ◽  
Harald Scherm
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Spatial Aggregation ◽  
Association Patterns ◽  
Cherry Trees
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