EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON HERBAGE YIELDS AND SHEEP PRODUCTION ON IRRIGATED PASTURE, AND A COMPARISON OF METHODS OF YIELD ASSESSMENT

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
D. B. Wilson ◽  
R. D. Clark ◽  
S. Dubetz
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Ungrazed Plot

Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at various rates and times to an irrigated grass–legume pasture grazed by sheep at Lethbridge. Mean herbage yields were 4257, 5247, 5847, 6269, and 6446 lb D.M./acre where 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 fifty-pound applications of N/acre were made annually.Sheep weight gains were 358, 406, 467, 504, and 530 lb/acre under these same fertilizer treatments. Early season applications gave the greatest response per unit of N. The effect on yield of a 50-lb/acre application was largely dissipated within 30–40 days. Daily gain, daily dry matter consumption by the sheep, and T.D.N. content of the herbage were similar under all fertilizing treatments.Three different techniques of harvesting herbage from ungrazed plots were compared with harvesting from caged areas within the grazed plots. The best estimate of cage yields was obtained with a technique in which herbage cut from the ungrazed plot was returned as a mulch to decompose. The standard clip-plot procedure with the herbage discarded did not give a good estimate of cage yields though the estimate was improved when cattle manure was applied each spring to replace part of the nutrients removed in the harvested herbage.

DIGESTIBILITY OF RYE AND ITS VALUE IN PELLETED RATIONS FOR PIGS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Friend ◽  
T. M. MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Digestibility and N-retention were determined with eight barrows fed rye and barley in a crossover experiment. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility coefficients for rye were higher than those for barley, but differences in N-retention were negligible. The coefficients obtained by indirect measurement were higher than those determined directly. Seventy-two pigs were used in a factorial experiment to determine the effect on production of feeding two grades of rye at 0, 30 and 60% of pelleted and non-pelleted finisher rations. Weight gains by barrows compared with gilts were affected less by the addition of rye to the rations. The growth rate of gilts was reduced by the inclusion of 30% rye in non-pelleted but not in pelleted rations. The use of No. 2 grade rye appeared to have restricted rate of gain less than did No. 3 grade rye. The feeding value of rye was improved by pelleting, since the daily gain of 0.75 kg obtained by feeding a 30% rye, pelleted ration equalled that from pigs fed a 0% rye, non-pelleted ration.

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATES TO GRASS ON FORAGE YIELDS, BODY WEIGHT GAINS, FEED UTILIZATION, AND VITAMIN A STATUS OF STEERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. T. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Liver Vitamin

The dry matter yield of grass forage was increased linearly with nitrogen fertilizer levels of zero, 56, and 112 kg per hectare applied annually in the spring of 1961, 1962, and 1963. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the nutritive value of mature grass forage as indicated by voluntary dry matter intake and body weight gains of beef steers. The apparent digestibility of crude protein increased and that of dry matter and nitrogen-free extract decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Digestibility of crude fiber and ether extract were not altered significantly by nitrogen levels. Forage-carotenes sustained relatively high liver vitamin A levels over a 100-day feeding period. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the rate of liver vitamin A depletion.

Liveweight and wool growth of sheep in response to the quantity and botanical composition of annual pasture induced by nitrogen fertilizer and stocking treatments

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
HL Davies ◽  
EAN Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Sheep Production

For five years, three rates of ammonium sulphate (N0, N1, and N3: 0, 280, and 840 kg/ha/year) were applied as a split dressing to ,a pasture of Bromus mollis L. and Trifolium subterraneum L. which was continuously grazed by wethers set-stocked at 8.6 and 12.4 sheep/ha. The N0 treatment produced clover dominance, N1 a mixed sward, and N3 grass dominance. The higher stocking rate increased the proportion of clover in the mixed sward. These differences in botanical composition produced three significant effects on the relation between liveweight gain and quantity of green pasture on offer. An increase in the proportion of clover in the sward increased: (1) the quantity of herbage dry matter on offer required for liveweight maintenance; (2) the maximum rate of liveweight gain; (3) the quantity of dry matter on offer at the point of 90% maximum liveweight gain. Regressions of those three parameters on botanical composition accounted for over 90% of the variance. The effects of treatments on liveweight at other times of the year are also described. In the first year of grazing ammonium sulphate increased liveweight, apparently because of increased pasture on offer after emergence. In subsequent years the effect of ammonium sulphate was reversed: liveweight was reduced, and this was associated with lower nitrogen concentrations in, and lower quantities of, herbage produced. Wool elongation rates were greatest in spring and lowest prior to the germinating rains in autumn. Elongation rate was unaffected by stocking rate and only slightly affected by ammonium sulphate. From January to April, greatest elongation occurred on the grass-dominant N3 paddocks; from May to December greatest elongation occurred on the clover-dominant N0 paddocks. The implications of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in relation to sheep production in the winter rainfall regions of Australia are discussed.

Forage and sheep production from oats, rape and vetch sown in autumn with or without nitrogen fertilizer

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Spurway ◽  
JL Wheeler ◽  
DA Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

Oats (Avena sativa cv. Acacia), vetch (Vicia dasycarpa cv, Lana) and rape (Brassica napus cv. Rangi) were sown with or without 67 kg ha-1 nitrogen (N) in the autumns of 1969 and 1970 at Armidale, N.S.W. In both years the crops were rotationally grazed by sheep in late winter and spring at two fixed stocking rates (experiment 1). When grazing began in both years oat dry matter (DM) availability was approximately double that of vetch and rape. Oats remained highly productive in successive grazing periods whereas the recovery of vetch after the first grazing was slow. At the high stocking rates employed the rape crops were overgrazed and failed to regrow. Fertilizer N increased oat yields by more than 50 per cent and N content by 20 to 40 per cent, but neither vetch nor rape responded significantly. Minimum nitrogen contents of oats, rape and vetch were respectively 1.3, 2.7 and 4.0 per cent. Digestible organic matter content of the three forages exceeded 74 per cent throughout the experiment. Daily rates of liveweight gain per sheep were not significantly different on the three crops in the first grazing period. Daily gain per sheep responded significantly to fertilizer N only on oats in the second period in 1970 (P < 0.05). The total liveweight gain ha-1 pooled over all periods was much greater on oats than on vetch or rape. Clean wool per day tended to be higher on vetch than on the other crops but total wool production per hectare was greatest from oats in both years because of the longer period of grazing it provided. In a supplementary experiment (experiment 2) in 1969 the crops were grazed at an initially uniform stocking pressure (1 sheep per 10 kg dry matter available). Sheep grazing vetch gained 146 g head-1 day-1 which was faster than sheep on oats (92 g head-1 day-1) or rape (66 g head-1 day-1) (P < 0.05). The general effect of N fertilizer was to increase daily gain and almost double the mean gain per hectare.

scholarly journals Growing and finishing crossbred feedlot ewe lambs fed with increasing levels of concentrate in the diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4243
Author(s):  
Caroline Bertholini Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Da Graça Morais ◽  
Andréa Roberto Duarte Lopes Souza ◽  
Henrique Jorge Fernandes ◽  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Individual Evaluation ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Daily Gain

To maximize economic gain in sheep production systems it is critical to adjust feedlot diets to maximize performance while minimizing feed, and especially concentrate, waste. Little information is available on ideal diets for crossbred ewe lambs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot crossbred ewe lambs, and the digestibility of diets, with increasing levels of concentrate during the growing and finishing phases. Twenty-four crossbred Texel × Pantaneira Texel ewe lambs were confined and fed Tifton hay with increasing levels of concentrate in the diet (20, 40, 60 and 80%) for individual evaluation of dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility of diets, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Animals were slaughtered at 47 kg. In the growing phase, the inclusion of concentrate in the diets (1176 g.kg-1) did not change DMI (p > 0.05). Concentrate levels had a quadratic effect (p < 0.05) on the dry matter digestibility coefficient (DMDC) and on total digestible nutrients (TDN) during the growing phase. In the finishing phase, there was a negative linear effect of concentrate levels on DMI (p < 0.05), but TDN intake was similar among the experimental diets (p > 0.05). DMDC and TDN values displayed a quadratic behavior (p < 0.05), plateauing at 60% concentrate. ADG and FE increased as concentrate was added to the diet in the growing phase (p < 0.05). During the finishing phase, lamb performance was similar (p > 0.05) for different diets. Thus, the use of 60% concentrate in the confined crossbred ewe lamb diet during growing and 20% concentrate during finishing is recommended.

Nitrogen fertilizer value of cattle manure applied on soils originating from organic and conventional farming systems

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 789-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Langmeier ◽  
Emmanuel Frossard ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Paul Mäder ◽  
David Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming

scholarly journals Responses of Root Characteristic Parameters and Plant Dry Matter Accumulation, Distribution and Transportation to Nitrogen Levels for Spring Maize in Northeast China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Chunrong Qian ◽  
Wanrong Gu ◽  
Caifeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Transport

Improving nitrogen use efficiency is a significant scientific problem to be solved. Two maize hybrids JD27 (Jidan 27) and SD19 (Sidan 19) were selected to study the effects of nitrogen levels on root characteristic parameters and plant dry matter accumulation, distribution and transportation. We set five different nitrogen levels, which were nitrogen deficiency (000N), low nitrogen (075N), medium nitrogen (150N), high nitrogen (225N) and excessive nitrogen (300N). The results showed that the root length and root surface area of JD27 were significantly higher than those of SD19 under 075N. With the increase of nitrogen levels, the root difference among varieties gradually decreased. The root length, projection area, total surface area and total volume reached the maximum values at silking stage. The average root diameter kept stable or decreased slowly with the growth stage. The dry matter accumulation of JD27 was higher than that of SD19 at all growth stages. Increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the transport of dry matter to grain and improve dry matter transport efficiency after anthesis. Under the treatment of medium and high nitrogen fertilizer, maize was easy to obtain a higher yield, but excessive nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the increase of yield. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for maize production techniques.

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