COLDHARDINESS OF SWEET CHERRIES AS DETERMINED BY ARTIFICIAL FREEZING TESTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lapins
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Primary Leaf ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Cold Damage ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
The U.S

One-year-old shoots of 100 selected cherries representing the species Prunus avium (94 selections), P. fontanesiana, P. gondouini, and P. mahaleb were frozen at −35 °C, then forced in a growth chamber for 3 weeks, and visually examined for cold damage and recovery.The response of the better-known cultivars and species corresponded to their known hardiness. The hardiest seven cultivars or species included all six representatives of the species other than P. avium and one sweet cherry, the U.S. Department of Agriculture introduction Glenn Dale No. 6. The recorded differences in hardiness between sweet cherry cultivars were larger than expected. Certain numbered seedling selections were relatively hardy and may constitute a valuable source of breeding material.Bark, cambium, wood, supplemental buds, and primary leaf buds were examined for cold damage and recovery. Damage to primary leaf buds proved the most useful criterion for determining hardiness of cherry cultivars.

scholarly journals The Profile and Content of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Local and Commercial Sweet Cherry Fruits (Prunus avium L.) and Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽  
Alicja Ponder ◽  
Ewelina Hallmann ◽  
Agnieszka Głowacka ◽  
Elżbieta Rozpara
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Prunus Avium L

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the content of a number of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits of selected local and commercial sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars. The experiment showed that the selected cultivars of sweet cherries differ significantly in the content of polyphenolic compounds and carotenoids. The fruits of commercial sweet cherry cultivars were, on average, richer in polyphenols (the sum of phenolic compounds determined chromatographically), flavonoids, as well as anthocyanins and were characterized by higher antioxidant activity when compared to the local, traditional cultivars. In the group of the traditional sweet cherry cultivars, particular attention could be paid to Black Late cv., showing the highest antioxidant activity of fruits. In the group of commercial sweet cherry cultivars, Cordia and Sylvia fruits could be recognized as being rich in bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. Yellow skin cultivars were characterized by the highest concentrations of carotenoids. Strong positive correlations between the identified bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits were also found. Although different cultivars of sweet cherries show a high variability in phenolics and carotenoids profiles as well as in the antioxidant activity of fruits, they all should be, similarly to other types of cherries, recognized as a rich source of bioactive compounds with an antioxidant potential.

Resistance of sweet cherry cultivars to fruit surface pitting

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Peter Toivonen ◽  
Sabina Stan ◽  
Darrell-Lee McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Prunus Avium L

A recently developed technique was used to determine the susceptibility to fruit surface pitting of new sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars and compare them to an industry standard. The cultivars tested included Bing (industry standard), Cristalina, Lapins, Sandra Rose, Santina, Skeena, Sonata, Staccato, and Sweetheart. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity, injured, held at 1°C for 2 wk and then rated for fruit surface pitting. The cultivars Lapins, Skeena, Staccato, and Sweetheart had less pitting than Bing. Cristalina and Sonata tended to have similar levels of injury to Bing and Sandra Rose and Santina tended to have more severe pitting than Bing. Key words: Sweet cherries, cultivars, simulated pitting injury

scholarly journals Wild and Rare Self-Incompatibility Allele S17 Found in 24 Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Kivistik ◽  
Liina Jakobson ◽  
Kersti Kahu ◽  
Kristiina Laanemets
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Consensus Primers

AbstractThe pollination of self-incompatible diploid sweet cherry is determined by the S-locus alleles. We resolved the S-alleles of 50 sweet cherry cultivars grown in Estonia and determined their incompatibility groups, which were previously unknown for most of the tested cultivars. We used consensus primers SI-19/20, SI-31/32, PaConsI, and PaConsII followed by allele-specific primers and sequencing to identify sweet cherry S-genotypes. Surprisingly, 48% (24/50) of the tested cultivars, including 17 Estonian cultivars, carry the rare S-allele S17, which had initially been described in wild sweet cherries in Belgium and Germany. The S17-allele in Estonian cultivars could originate from ‘Leningradskaya tchernaya’ (S6|S17), which has been extensively used in Estonian sweet cherry breeding. Four studied cultivars carrying S17 are partly self-compatible, whereas the other 20 cultivars with S17 have not been reported to be self-compatible. The recommended pollinator of seven self-incompatible sweet cherries is of the same S-genotype, including four with S17-allele, suggesting heritable reduced effectiveness of self-infertility. We classified the newly genotyped sweet cherry cultivars into 15 known incompatibility groups, and we proposed four new incompatibility groups, 64–67, for S-locus genotypes S3|S17, S4|S17, S5|S17, and S6|S17, respectively, which makes them excellent pollinators all across Europe. Alternatively, the frequency of S17 might be underestimated in Eastern European populations and some currently unidentified sweet cherry S-alleles might potentially be S17.

Flowering and Fruiting of `Burlat' Sweet Cherry on Size-controlling Rootstock

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Jean Lichou
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
One Year ◽  
Size Controlling

The effect of rootstock on the flowering and fruiting response of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) was investigated using 4-year-old branch units. The cherry rootstock Edabriz (Prunus cerasus L.) affected the flowering and fruiting response of `Burlat' sweet cherry compared to Maxma 14 and F12/1. Branches of trees on Edabriz had more flowers, more flowers per spur, more spurs, more fruit, higher yields, smaller fruit, and a reduced fruit set compared to the standard rootstock, F12/1. One-year-old branch sections had more flowers and fruit, higher fruit weight, and heavier fruit size compared to older branch portions.

scholarly journals Fruit Quality Characterization of New Sweet Cherry Cultivars as a Good Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Potential

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Fabiana Antognoni ◽  
Giulia Potente ◽  
Roberto Mandrioli ◽  
Cristina Angeloni ◽  
Michela Freschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
New Cultivars

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are highly appreciated fruits for their taste, color, nutritional value, and beneficial health effects. In this work, seven new cultivars of sweet cherry were investigated for their main quality traits and nutraceutical value. The phytochemical profile of three classes of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the new cultivars were investigated through high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and spectrophotometric assays, respectively, and compared with those of commonly commercialized cultivars. Cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside was the main anthocyanin in all genotypes, and its levels in some new cultivars were about three-fold higher than in commercial ones. The ORAC-assayed antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the total anthocyanin index. The nutraceutical value of the new cultivars was investigated in terms of antioxidant/neuroprotective capacity in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Results demonstrated that the new cultivars were more effective in counteracting oxidative stress and were also able to upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a pro-survival neurotrophin, suggesting their potential pleiotropic role in counteracting neurodegenerations.

scholarly journals Variable fruit set in self-fertile sweet cherry

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Choi, and Robert L. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Fruit set on seven self-fertile (SF) sweet cherry genotypes from the Cornell Sweet Cherry Breeding Program was investigated. The S-alleles of all tested genotypes, based on controlled pollination and PCR-based S-allele typing analysis were determined to be: S1S4’ for Lapins, and S3S4’ for Stella, Starkrimson, NY 13688, NY 13696, NY 13788 and NY 13791. Higher fruit set of open-pollinated self-fertile genotypes indicated that the additional pollen donor was probably advantageous for fruit set in self-fertiles in the preliminary field study. However, no statistically significant differences were found between fully and self- (half compatible) pollination in caged trees in subsequent years’ studies. This inconsistency may have been due to shading by cages (for self-pollination only) or to differences in bee activity in caged trees as compared with open-pollinations made during preliminary studies. Additionally, the variation in fruit setting potential was dependent on genotype. Spring frost injury reduced fruit setting potential in self-fertile sweet cherries but pollen quality was not associated with variable fruit set. The results suggest that self-pollination would produce optimal fruit set in self-fertile sweet cherry cultivars regardless of partial pollen incompatibility. However, a more detailed study including fruit setting factors other than spring frost injury, and varying setting capacity depending on genotypes, would be required for a more complete determination of the commercial utility of growing self-fertile sweet cherries in solid blocks. Key words: Prunus avium L, sweet cherry, pollination, fruit set

scholarly journals Resistance of generative organs of sweet cherry to spring frosts after artificial freezing

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Z. E. Ozherelieva ◽  
A. A. Gulyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Phenological Phases ◽  
Generative Organs

Aim. The purpose of this research was to study the sustainability of Institute bred sweet cherry cultivars to spring frosts during flowering by the method of artificial freezing and to identify resistant cultivars.Material and Methods. Seven Institute bred sweet cherry cultivars were studied: 'Adelina', "Malysh", "Orlovskaya Rozovaya", "Orlovskaya Feya", "Podarok Orlu", "Siyana" and "Trosnyanskaya". Spring frosts were simulated in an "Espec" PSL-2KPH climate chamber in early May at -1°, -2°, -3° and -4°C. At each temperature regime, 100 pcs of flowers and buds of each cultivar were taken in 3-fold repetition. Temperature was lowered at the rate of 1°C per hour. The duration of exposure to negative temperatures was 3 hours.Results. Damage to the stamens and pistils was assessed by the darkening of the tissues. In buds and blooming flowers after frosts, the pistils were first damaged but the stamens were not. Resistance to spring frosts decreased with the phenological development of the cherry's generative organs. The beginning of damage to the flowers as a result of the artificial freezing was noted at a temperature of -1°C. At the same time, the high stability of cherry buds was noted. Modeling frosts of -2°...-4°C increased the number of dead flowers and buds. The resistance of sweet cherries to spring frosts was found to depend on the genotype and stage of development of reproductive organs. A different sum of active temperatures for the beginning of flowering and ovary formation was noted, indicating the onset of phenological phases in which generative organs are susceptible to spring frosts.Conclusion. The experiment made it possible to distinguish a medium-resistant cultivar "Malysh" which was resistant to spring frosts. Weakly stable genotypes were "Orlovskaya Rozovaya", "Orlovskaya Feya", "Trosnyanskaya" and "Siyana". Unstable cultivars were "Adelina", and "Podarok Orlu". During the formation of the ovary, the greatest potential for resistance to spring frosts was shown by "Podarok Orlu".

scholarly journals Multi-year analyses on three populations reveal the first stable QTLs for tolerance to rain-induced fruit cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Quero-García ◽  
Philippe Letourmy ◽  
José Antonio Campoy ◽  
Camille Branchereau ◽  
Svetoslav Malchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

AbstractRain-induced fruit cracking is a major problem in sweet cherry cultivation. Basic research has been conducted to disentangle the physiological and mechanistic bases of this complex phenomenon, whereas genetic studies have lagged behind. The objective of this work was to disentangle the genetic determinism of rain-induced fruit cracking. We hypothesized that a large genetic variation would be revealed, by visual field observations conducted on mapping populations derived from well-contrasted cultivars for cracking tolerance. Three populations were evaluated over 7–8 years by estimating the proportion of cracked fruits for each genotype at maturity, at three different areas of the sweet cherry fruit: pistillar end, stem end, and fruit side. An original approach was adopted to integrate, within simple linear models, covariates potentially related to cracking, such as rainfall accumulation before harvest, fruit weight, and firmness. We found the first stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cherry fruit cracking, explaining percentages of phenotypic variance above 20%, for each of these three types of cracking tolerance, in different linkage groups, confirming the high complexity of this trait. For these and other QTLs, further analyses suggested the existence of at least two-linked QTLs in each linkage group, some of which showed confidence intervals close to 5 cM. These promising results open the possibility of developing marker-assisted selection strategies to select cracking-tolerant sweet cherry cultivars. Further studies are needed to confirm the stability of the reported QTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments and to narrow down the QTL confidence intervals, allowing the exploration of underlying candidate genes.

scholarly journals Variability of Old Sweet Cherries Found in Slovak Regions and Their Preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Michaela Benková ◽  
Iveta Čičová ◽  
Daniela Benedikova ◽  
Lubomir Mendel ◽  
Miroslav Glasa
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility allele identification in Ukrainian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Ya. I. Ivanovych ◽  
N. V. Tryapitsyna ◽  
K. M. Udovychenko ◽  
R. A. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Incompatibility Group ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Consensus Primers

Aim. Ukrainian breeders have created a large number of sweet cherry cultivars, which still remain almost unexplored at the molecular level. The aim of our study was to identify the self-incompatibility alleles (S-alleles) in Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces, and to elucidate, to which cross-incompatibility group the cultivars belong. Methods. The PCR was conducted using consensus primers to the first and second introns of S-RNAse gene and to the single intron of SFB gene. The electrophoretic analysis of the PCR products of the second intron of S-RNAse was carried out in agarose gel, whereas detection of fluorescently labeled DNA fragments of the first S-RNAse intron and the SFB intron was performed using a genetic analyzer. Results. The S-alleles of 25 Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and 10 landraces were identified. The S-alleles frequencies and affiliation of cultivars and landraces to the groups of cross-incompatibility were determined. The obtained data can be used in breeding programs and by planning of industrial plantings. Conclusions. In the study, 12 different S-alleles and 79 S-haplotypes were identified. The S1, S3, S4, S5, S6 and S9 alleles are the most widespread among Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces. The high frequencies of S5 and especially of S9 alleles are characteristic for the Ukrainian cultivars and distinguish them from other European ones. For the Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, the XXXVII (S5S9) cross-incompatibility group appeared to be the most numerous.Keywords: Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, S-locus, Sgenotypes, self- and cross-incompatibility, Prunus avium.

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