DAMAGE TO WHEAT BY SAY STINK BUG, CHLOROCHROA SAYI

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Chlorochroa Sayi ◽  
Dough Stage

Wheat grown in a growth chamber was infested at various stages of growth with adults of Say stink bug, Chlorochroa sayi Stål (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae). Feeding during the boot stage stunted the plants, and feeding just before heading reduced the numbers of kernels in the heads. Damage after heading varied directly with duration of feeding and numbers of insects but inversely with development of the kernels. Damage consisted of reduced numbers of kernels per head, lowered mean weights of kernels, or discolored kernels. Yield was reduced by more than 75% when wheat was fed upon just before, or 5 days after, the heads emerged. When the feeding occurred in the dough stage, damage was slight.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE CROISSANCE SUR LE RENDEMENT EN MATIERE SECHE ET LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DE FOURRAGES D’AVOINE IMMATURE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL GERVAIS
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Detailed Chemical

The forage yields and the detailed chemical composition of six cultivars of oats harvested at the vegetative stage (three cuttings during the growing season to simulate grazing) and at the heading and dough stages (one cutting for silage) were established over a period of 3 yr. No significant difference in the dry matter yields of the cultivars was found within any of the three stages of growth. Highly significant increases in the yields, however, were recorded with advance in maturity from 4210 kg/ha at the vegetative stage to 6754 kg at heading and 9219 kg at dough stage. Likewise, the percent dry matter increased progressively from 12% to 19% to 33% for the same stages. In general, the organic and mineral compositions of the cultivars did not vary significantly within any stage of growth, but were influenced by the age of the tissues. The total digestible nutrient, the crude protein, the cell contents and the mineral elements Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Zn and Fe decreased while the nitrogen-free extract, the cell walls, the lignin and the hemicellulose increased from the vegetative to the dough stage. The other constituents exhibited a less defined pattern or remained relatively stable from one stage to another.Key words: Yields, chemical composition, stages of growth, cultivars, forage oats

THE SYNTHETIC PRODUCTION OF OAT VARIETIES RESISTANT TO RACE 6 AND CERTAIN OTHER PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF OAT STEM RUST

1937 ◽  
Vol 15c (2) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Single Variety

At the present time, oat varieties that are classed as resistant to Puccinia graminis Avenae Erikss. & Henn. are only resistant to a certain number of the ten physiologic races. With the object of combining in a single variety resistance to as many races as possible, a cross was made between the varieties Hajira Strain and Joanette Strain. Hajira Strain is susceptible to Races 4, 6, 8, and 10, and Joanette Strain to Races 2, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The latter variety gives an indeterminate reaction to Races 5 and 10. Both parents are susceptible to Races 6 and 8.From this cross 93 pure lines were obtained. Under greenhouse conditions, 71 were resistant at the seedling stage to Race 6 at 60° F. At 65°–70° F., approximately one-third of these were resistant to Race 6, one-third semi-resistant, and one-third susceptible. At more advanced stages of growth, namely, fifth-leaf, boot, and heading, representative lines from each of these classes were resistant to Race 6 at 60° F. At 65°–70° F. all showed regional resistance: at the fifth-leaf stage, the tip end of the uppermost leaf only was susceptible; at the boot stage, numerous pustules were present on the uppermost node and internode but the remaining parts were free from infection; at the heading stage, only one or two fairly large pustules occurred on the uppermost node or internode.Six lines that were consistently resistant to Race 6 at 60° F. and 65°–70° F. were tested at the seedling stage at 60°, 65°–70° F., and 75°–80° F., to Races 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10. At the low and intermediate temperatures, these lines were resistant to the nine races. At the high temperature, they were susceptible to Race 6, gave an indeterminate reaction to Races 1, 4, and 5, and were resistant to all the other races.Under field conditions, six lines classed as resistant at 65°–70° F., five classed as semi-resistant, and four as susceptible, were tested to Race 6. All these lines behaved similarly: infections of a semi-resistant type appeared on the uppermost internodes, while other parts of the plants were free from infection.The standard varieties used as checks, namely, Hajira Strain, Joanette Strain, White Russian, and Victory, were susceptible to Race 6 in all the greenhouse experiments, and, with the exception of White Russian, in the field test. In the latter test, White Russian was semi-resistant.

Effects of stage of maturity and protein supplementation on growth and nitrogen utilisation by cattle fed oat silage

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
C. Lafrenière
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Dough Stage

Cereal silages are used extensively in the diets of feedlot cattle all over western Canada. Plants are generally harvested at dough stage as this stage is believed to represent the best compromise between feeding value and dry matter yield. However, under the growing conditions of eastern Canada, where cereals are grown as cover crops, it has been argued that harvesting at the boot stage would be beneficial to the establishment of the under sown crop and could improve yields of digestible dry matter. Previous experiments have suggested that cereal silages harvested at boot stage vs soft dough stage (Acosta et al., 1991), although the former were more digestible, resulted in no benefit in terms of animal performance. Our work with grass silages (Berthiaume et al, 1996) showed that this could be due to the highly degradable nature of protein in immature silages, and that protein supplements would be beneficial. This study evaluated the effect of harvesting oats for silage at boot vs milk stage with or without the addition of a protein supplement on nitrogen utilisation and growth of calves.

Say Stink Bug, Chlorochroa sayi Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2008 ◽  
pp. 3257-3257
Author(s):  
John B. Heppner ◽  
David B. Richman ◽  
Steven E. Naranjo ◽  
Dale Habeck ◽  
Christopher Asaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stink Bug ◽  
Chlorochroa Sayi

REACTION OF BARLEY VARIETIES TO SOIL WATER STRESS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Wells ◽  
S. Dubetz
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Stage Yield ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Varietal differences in reaction to soil water stress of 8 bars were demonstrated in the greenhouse on each of two different soil types. The effects of stress on grain yield and protein content were greater at the early boot stage than at the soft dough stage and they were greater at the soft dough stage than at the onset of tillering or ripening stages. The lower yields of Betzes and Hannchen resulting from stress at the early boot stage were due mainly to a decrease in number of seeds per spike. Protein content of the two varieties was increased by stress at this stage. Yield and protein content of Compana were not appreciably affected. The ratio of water used to grain produced was essentially the same for each variety but was higher on Cavendish than on Lethbridge soil and was directly related to stage of stress.

THE GREEN STINK BUG GENUS CHLOROCHROA STÅL (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN CANADA

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G.E. Scudder ◽  
D.B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Stink Bug ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Chlorochroa Sayi

AbstractThis paper reviews the occurrence of the genus Chlorochroa Stål in Canada. It is shown that 10 species occur in this country, namely C. belfragii (Stål), C. faceta (Say), C. congrua Uhler, C. granulosa (Uhler), C. ligata (Say), C. opuntiae Esselbaugh, C. persimilis Horvath, C. rossiana Buxton and Thomas, C. uhleri (Stål), and C. viridicata (Walker). Chlorochroa sayi (Stål) does not occur in Canada. The published records of C. sayi as a pest of agricultural crops and ornamentals in Canada refer to C. uhleri.

Intake and digestibility of enzyme-treated whole-crop wheat silage by steers

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
T. Adogla-Bessa ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
R.M Tetlow ◽  
R.D. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Dough Stage

Interest in the feeding of whole-crop wheat silage has been on the increase (Newman, 1990) but to fully exploit its potential, whole-crop wheat has to be harvested at advanced stages of growth (dough stage). The objective was to assess the feeding value of whole-crop winter wheat silage harvested at two stages of growth and treated with two commercial (Finnish Sugar Co. Ltd., Helsinki) cellulase and hemi-cellulase mixtures (Clampzyme [CLZ] and FS02 [FS2]).

EFFECTS OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON MANGANESE AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS GROWN ON AN ORGANIC SOIL

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. REID ◽  
G. J. RACZ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies

The effect of soil temperature on the availability of manganese to wheat (Triticum aestivum ’Neepawa’) and barley (Hordeum vulgare ’Conquest’) from an organic soil was studied in a controlled environment growth chamber. Wheat and barley plants were grown in cylindrical pots placed in temperature-controlled water baths with soil (root) temperatures maintained at 10, 15, 20 and 25 °C. Air temperatures were maintained at 20/13 °C for the day/night intervals, respectively. Aerial plant parts were harvested at the three- to four-leaf stage and at the boot stage. Dry matter yields of wheat and barley tended to be greatest at soil temperatures of 20 or 25 °C when harvested at the three- to four-leaf stage. In contrast, yields obtained at the boot stage were usually greatest at a soil temperature of 15 °C. Concentrations of manganese in shoots of wheat and barley at both stages of growth increased significantly when soil temperatures were increased from 10 to 25 °C.In a second study, MnSO4∙H2O was supplied to barley plants grown at the four different soil temperatures. The MnSO4 increased Mn concentrations in shoots harvested at the three- to four-leaf stage at all soil temperatures. In contrast, MnSO4 was ineffective in increasing Mn concentration in shoots harvested at the boot stage. In addition to the plant growth studies, soil samples were extracted with 0.005 M DTPA or 1.0 M ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) at the different temperatures. Extractable Mn increased with increasing soil temperature and amounts extracted closely reflected the increases in amounts of Mn utilized by the plants in the growth chamber studies. Key words: Soil temperature, manganese, organic soil, availability

Nucleation and Early Growth of Sputtered thin Films

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 516-517
Author(s):  
Dudley M. Sherman ◽  
Thos. E. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Lens Assembly ◽  
Microscope Technique ◽  
Ion Beam Sputter Deposition

The in situ electron microscope technique has been shown to be a powerful method for investigating the nucleation and growth of thin films formed by vacuum vapor deposition. The nucleation and early stages of growth of metal deposits formed by ion beam sputter-deposition are now being studied by the in situ technique.A duoplasmatron ion source and lens assembly has been attached to one side of the universal chamber of an RCA EMU-4 microscope and a sputtering target inserted into the chamber from the opposite side. The material to be deposited, in disc form, is bonded to the end of an electrically isolated copper rod that has provisions for target water cooling. The ion beam is normal to the microscope electron beam and the target is placed adjacent to the electron beam above the specimen hot stage, as shown in Figure 1.

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