VERTICILLIUM WILT OF FORAGE LEGUMES IN CANADA

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aubé ◽  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Verticillium Albo Atrum

Verticillium albo-atrum R. and B. was isolated from diseased alfalfa and ladino clover at Normandin, Que., and V. dahliae Kleb. from red clover at Ottawa, Ont., in 1962. Isolates of V. albo-atrum were more pathogenic than V. dahliae to alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil, and V. dahliae was more pathogenic to red clover. Comparative inoculation tests in the greenhouse showed that the Canadian isolates were as virulent on forage legumes as were legume isolates obtained from Britain. All isolates tested were strongly pathogenic to lupine and sainfoin. Birdsfoot trefoil, lupine, and ladino clover, not previously reported as hosts of Verticillium, proved susceptible in greenhouse tests.This is one of the first reports of virulent Verticillium on forage legumes in North America. Since diseased plants were found only at two experimental stations, the pathogen may have been introduced on seed imported from Europe. No Verticillium wilt was found at the same locations in 1963.

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control and Establishment of Three Forage Legumes with Three Selective Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig G. Davidson ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
Robert L. McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Astragalus Cicer ◽  
The One ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} and RO-13-8895 {acetone-O-[d-2-[p-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-oxy]phenoxy]propionyl]oxime} were evaluated for quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE] control in ‘Norcen’ birdsfoot trefoil [Lotus corniculatus (L.)], ‘Monarch’ cicer milkvetch [Astragalus cicer (L.) Hook.], and ‘Arlington’ red clover [Trifolium pratense (L.)]. None of the herbicide treatments applied to weed-free legumes 3, 15, and 30 cm tall reduced crop ground cover or seed yield. Postemergence treatments of sethoxydim and RO-13-8895 applied to quackgrass in the one- to four-leaf stage, at rates from 0.56 to 1.1 kg ai/ha, gave control of 57 to 91% in September of the seedling year. Legumes in all postemergence herbicide-treated plots produced more seed than legumes in untreated plots, regardless of time of application. Sequential applications of sethoxydim, RO-13-8895, or fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} at 0.14 plus 0.14 kg ai/ha gave more effective quackgrass control and greater legume ground cover than single applications at 0.28 kg ai/ha.

FORAGE LEGUME YIELDS AND NEMATODE POPULATION BEHAVIOR IN MICROPLOTS INFESTED WITH Paratylenchus projectus

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. TOWNSHEND ◽  
J. W. POTTER
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Legumes

Yield reductions were minimal in forage legumes grown in field microplots infested with the pin nematode Paratylenchus projectus. Decreased forage production of birdsfoot trefoil and red clover resulted from reduced second and third cuts. During 2.5 yr, nematode numbers decreased under alfalfa, but increased under white clover. Under red clover and birdsfoot trefoil, nematode numbers increased in the first season and either remained static or declined thereafter. Unlike other nematodes in northern climates, populations of the pin nematode did not decrease appreciably over winter under favorable hosts.

scholarly journals First Report of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris Infecting Forage Legumes and Soybeans in Wisconsin

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Smith ◽  
C. R. Grau ◽  
L. E. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soilborne plant pathogens are regarded as important causes of failures of newly established and mature stands of forage legumes and reduced yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the North Central Region of the U.S. Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) plants exhibited decaying roots and stems in yield trials in 1994 and 1995 at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. After first harvest, over 40% of the plants failed to produce regrowth or regrowth was extremely slow. Dark brown lesions were evident on root and crown tissue and occasionally spread to newly initiated stem tissue. A fungus resembling Mycoleptodiscus terrestris was isolated from birdsfoot trefoil by placing surface-disinfested plant tissue on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 10 ppm chlorotetracycline or tetracycline and 100 μl liter-1 of tergitol. Isolates of M. terrestris produced dark green mycelium and black scerotia on PDA. These same isolates also produced conidia with characteristics similar to those described by Ostazeski (1) for M. terrestris when cultures were grown on gamma ray-sterilized chrysanthemum leaf pieces positioned on the surface of 2% water agar on petri dishes. The setaed conidia were generally two-celled and oval, and measured 24 to 30 × 4.5 to 7.4 μm. Isolates were also obtained from soybean plants that expressed a premature decline symptom at the R6 to R7 growth stage. Soybean plants in two commercial fields initially expressed curled leaves followed by defoliation. Lower stems expressed a gray-tan discoloration of the cortical tissue. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), birdsfoot trefoil, and soybean were inoculated with isolates of M. terrestris. All crop species expressed symptoms and M. terrestris was recovered from symptomatic tissue. M. terrestris isolates have also been baited from other soils from southern Wisconsin with red clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and soybean. Although recognized in states south of Wisconsin, M. terrestris has not been implicated previously in poor health of forage legumes and soybeans in Wisconsin. This report provides evidence that M. terrestris inhabits agricultural soils farther north than previously recognized. References: (1) S. A. Ostazeski. 1967. Mycologia 59:970-975.

Weed Control Strategies for Forage Legumes

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Malik ◽  
John Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Competitive Species

Tolerance and subsequent yield response of established alfalfa, red clover, alsike clover, sainfoin, birdsfoot trefoil, and cicer milkvetch to sethoxydim and fluazifop spring applied and to hexazinone, metribuzin, and terbacil fall applied were determined in a field study. All legumes tolerated sethoxydim. Fluazifop was safe on all legumes except sainfoin. Alfalfa and cicer milkvetch tolerated hexazinone, metribuzin, and terbacil. Alfalfa dry matter yield was not affected by any of the herbicide treatments, but cumulative cicer milkvetch yield increased 9% over a 3-yr period with hexazinone applications. Sainfoin yield increased 20% with hexazinone and terbacil treatment. Hexazinone injured red clover and reduced yield. Alsike clover was the most susceptible legume to the residual herbicides. Weed dry matter yield associated with the legumes indicated that alfalfa and sainfoin were the most and the least competitive species, respectively. Plots treated with hexazinone contained the least amount of weeds, regardless of the legume species. Field peas seeded in rotation was not affected by herbicide residues; however, residues from terbacil applied at 1.0 kg/ha reduced seed yield of lentils.

INFLUENCE OF FENSULFOTHION AND FENAMIPHOS ON ROOT LESION NEMATODE NUMBERS AND YIELD OF FORAGE LEGUMES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. THOMPSON ◽  
C. B. WILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

A field study was made of the effects of three rates of fenamiphos [ethyl-3-methyl-4-(methylthio) phenyl (1-methylethyl) phosphoramidate] and fensulfothion [O,O-diethyl O-(p-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl) phosphorothioate] on root lesion nematode numbers (Pratylenchus spp.), and on forage yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Both nematicides, at the rates tested (fensulfothion − 11.2, 22.4 and 44.8 kg/ha; fenamiphos − 5.6, 11.2 and 22.4 kg/ha) reduced populations of root lesion nematodes in the soil, as well as in rootlets of the three forage legumes. Seeding year yields were increased by both nematicides. Neither nematicide resulted in substantial yield increases at the time of the the first cut (June) of the second growing season, but did result in considerably increased yields at the time of the second and third cuts. At the same rates of application, fenamiphos provided better control of nematodes than did fensulfothion, particularly with increasing time following treatment. The larger total yield increases for the two growing seasons from fenamiphos-treated plots were coincident with better root lesion nematode control. Fewer alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil and red clover taproots were infected by Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in fenamiphos-treated plots, where there were fewer root lesion nematodes, than in check plots. Laboratory tests indicated that field rates of fensulfothion and fenamiphos were not fungicidal to a number of soil fungi, including Fusarium spp. and R. solani, found associated with forage legume roots.

Changes in crude protein fractions of forage legumes during the spring growth and summer regrowth period

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KRAWUTSCHKE ◽  
J. KLEEN ◽  
N. WEIHER ◽  
R. LOGES ◽  
F. TAUBE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum

SUMMARYOnly a few previous studies have analysed the crude protein (CP) fractions of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System during the growth period of forage legumes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes in CP fractions during the spring growth and summer–autumn regrowth period of five forage legume species (alfalfa (also known as lucerne, Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)) grown in binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and also in pure stands (two red clover cultivars). Additionally, the specific polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was measured photometrically in the leaves of pure red clover swards. In both pure and mixed cropping, CP fraction A increased with advancing maturity, except for the legumes from mixed cropping in the summer–autumn growth period 2004 and 2005. The variation of CP fraction A was mostly positively related to the N yield and the amount of dinitrogen fixation. Although CP fraction A of pure red clover was negatively correlated with the specific PPO activity in the spring growth period, the specific PPO activity was less relevant for the variation of CP fraction A with respect to the whole growing season. CP fraction B generally made up the largest proportion of the CP. Pure red clover stands showed reducing amounts of CP fraction C during the growth period, whereas in legumes grown with ryegrass an increase was usually observed. Despite these differences, there was generally an increase of CP fraction C when the content of non-structural carbohydrates decreased. Red clover and birdsfoot trefoil herbage contained the highest proportions of CP fraction C in the CP, regardless of growth period and year. In conclusion, red clover and birdsfoot trefoil had a more favourable CP composition for ruminant nutrition compared to the other legume species, and in red clover this could not be clearly attributed to the specific PPO activity.

scholarly journals Yields and quality of forage legumes under imbalanced year precipitation conditions on south Moravia

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Lang ◽  
K. Vejražka
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Kura Clover

In this paper, yield and quality of forage following species of forage legumes were evaluated with regard to precipitations: lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.), alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). The trial was sown in the spring of 2008, evaluated in the period 2009–2011. Analysis of samples was performed with the apparatus NIRS 6500. Following parameters were evaluated: production of dry matter, energy concentration (NEL), contents of fibre and crude protein. The highest three year yield average was measured for lucerne (15.01 t.ha−1), followed by red clover group (9.3–11.8 t.ha−1). Kura clover gained the lowest yield (1.97 t.ha−1). The average crude protein contents (g.kg−1) were: lucerne 211.47, red clover group (184.3–194.8), white clover group (229.1–238.7) and birdsfoot trefoil (204.2). The obtained results indicated that lucerne responded at best to periods of drought. Although the production of dry matter decreased in periods of drought, the canopy of stands remained to be complete in contradistinction to white clover, which partly disappeared from the stand. Red clover and alsike clover disappeared from the stand during the trial.

Pasture species and cultivars used in New Zealand - a list

1999 ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F.L. Charlton ◽  
A.V. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Herb Species

In recent years, the number of pasture species and cultivars commercially available to farmers in New Zealand has increased significantly. Reasons for this include increased commercial activity in the development and supply of proprietary cultivars, and more specialisation in New Zealand's pastoral agriculture. In particular, pasture cultivars are increasingly marketed as proprietary products with associated technical support. This year there are 109 certified cultivars available, belonging to 23 grass, legume and herb species. As a result, farmers are now able to develop improved pasture feed supply, but they are somewhat confused about pasture species and cultivars, and this frustrates their aims to produce high quality animal products from productive pastures. Accordingly, the herbage seeds industry needs to work from a clear reference list, to avoid any confusion when supplying farmers and overseas clients with their seed requirements. Our list of pasture species, types and cultivars available within New Zealand aims to be that reference. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, brome grass, caucasian clover, chicory, clover, cocksfoot, cultivars, herbs, lotus, lucerne, pasture, phalaris, plantain, prairie grass, red clover, ryegrass, seeds, species, strawberry clover, sub clover, tall fescue, timothy, types, white clover, Yorkshire fog

Effect of Imazethapyr on Legumes and the Effect of Legumes on Weeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Weed Biomass

A three-year experiment was conducted near Scottsbluff, NE, to evaluate the selectivity of POST-applied imazethapyr for weed control in alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, red clover, sainfoin, and yellow sweetclover. Imazethapyr injured all legumes 15 DAT. Imazethapyr also reduced the height of birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, red clover, and yellow sweeclover 28 DAT. Legume first cutting yields were not reduced by imazethapyr and with alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, and sainfoin, first cutting yields were increased by imazethapyr. Imazethapyr reduced weed biomass in all legume seedings. Weed biomass in new seedings of alfalfa was reduced more than that of the other legumes.

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