CEPHALOSPORIUM SPECIES PARASITIC ON HELMINTHOSPORIUM (SENSU LATE)

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kenneth ◽  
P. K. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Direct Invasion ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum

Four species of Cephalosporium from Canada and one species from Israel were found to be hyperparasitic on Drechslera teres (Helminthosporium teres) and D. poae (H. vagans). Among these was C. acremonium, causal agent of black bundle disease of corn. Direct invasion of conidia, conidiophores, and hyphae of the host fungi by hyphae of the mycoparasites was observed. Appressoria were not found. Conidia of Drechslera spp. disintegrated shortly after penetration by hyphae of the hyperparasites. None of the three species tested on Bipolaris sorokiniana (Helminthosporium sativum) invaded conidia or conidiophores of this species, and parasitism was limited to occasional penetration of hyphae of the host. It is concluded that hyperparasitism on Drechslera species is likely to be general among Cephalosporium spp.

Quantitative analysis of total mycotoxins in metabolic extracts of four strains of Bipolaris sorokiniana (Helminthosporium sativum)

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Marder ◽  
Valeriano Antonio Corbellini ◽  
Marco Flores Ferrão ◽  
Maria Lúcia Scroferneker ◽  
Rosana de Cassia de Souza Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum

scholarly journals First Report of Cochliobolus sativus Causing Leaf Spot on Paper Mulberry in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1586-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Wu ◽  
K. Chen ◽  
H. Z. Du ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
Q. E. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
First Report ◽  
Forest Park

Paper mulberry, Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent., is a highly adaptable, fast-growing tree that is native to eastern Asia. Its ability to absorb pollutants makes it ideal for ornamental landscapes, especially in industrial and mining areas. During the summer of 2010, brown lesions were observed on leaves of paper mulberry in Baiwangshan Forest Park, Beijing, China. These lesions were ovoid to fusiform and 4 to 9 × 2 to 4 mm with dark brown centers and light brown irregular edges. Spots on severely infected leaves sometimes coalesced to form long stripes with gray centers. To isolate the causal agent of the lesions, 4-mm2 pieces of diseased leaf tissue from 12 leaves were collected at the lesion margins and surface disinfected in 0.5% NaOCl for 3 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, plated on water agar, and incubated at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod. After 5 days, the cultures, which became dark brown to black, were observed. Conidiophores (120 to 220 × 4 to 7 μm) were solitary or in groups of two to five, straight or flexuous with swollen bases, and light or dark brown. Conidia were dark olive brown, spindle- or oval-shaped with truncated ends (60 to 120 × 15 to 30 μm), slightly curved, and containing 3 to 12 distoseptate (mostly 6 to 10). Pseudothecia, produced after 14 days in culture, were dark brown to black and flask shaped (420 to 530 μm in diameter with 85 to 100 × 75 to 90 μm ostiolar beaks). Asci were cylindrical (100 to 220 × 30 to 40 μm) and contained eight ascospores. Ascospores were filiform, (150 to 360 × 6 to 9 μm), hyaline, with 6 to 11 septations. Isolates were identified as Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler & Dastur (anamorph Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. & Sorok.) Shoem.) on the basis of culture color and dimensions and colors of pseudothecia, asci, ascospores, conidiophores, and conidia (2,3). The identity of one isolate was confirmed by ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequence (GenBank Accession No. HQ 654781) analysis that showed 100% homology to C. sativus listed in Berbee et al. (1). Koch's postulates were performed with six potted 3-month-old paper mulberry plants. An isolate was grown on potato dextrose agar for 14 days to obtain conidia for a conidial suspension (3 × 104 conidia/ml). Three of the potted plants were sprayed with the conidial suspension and three were sprayed with sterile water as controls. Each plant was covered with a plastic bag for 24 h to maintain high humidity and incubated at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod. After 7 days, the inoculated plants showed leaf symptoms identical to those previously observed on paper mulberry trees in the Baiwangshan Forest Park, while control trees remained symptom free. Reisolation of the fungus from the inoculated plants confirmed that the causal agent was C. sativus. C. sativus is widely distributed worldwide causing a variety of cereal diseases. Wheat and barley are the most economically important hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. sativus as a pathogen causing leaf spot of paper mulberry in China. References: (1) M. L. Berbee et al. Mycologia 91:964, 1999. (2) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CABI, Oxon, UK, 1971. (3) A. Sivanesan et al. No.701 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CAB, Kew, Surrey, U.K., 1981.

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF NET BLOTCH AND LEAF REMOVAL ON YIELD IN BARLEY

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Piening ◽  
M. L. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Leaf Clipping ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Time Required

Experiments were conducted in a growth cabinet to compare yield losses in barley caused by partial defoliation and foliar infection by Drechslera teres, the causal agent of net blotch. When Gateway barley was grown under a low fertilizer regime, infection of lower leaves caused greater yield reductions than the removal of comparable leaves. In contrast, infection or removal of upper leaves reduced yields to about the same extent. Under a higher fertilizer regime, yield reductions from infection or defoliation were about equal (14%). These losses were considerably lower than those from plants on the low fertility regime and were similar to those caused by net blotch in the field.In leaf clipping experiments, root weights and yields were reduced proportionately to the amount of leaf tissue removed. The time required to head was also increased with increasing amounts of leaf clipping.

scholarly journals Antagonism and modes of action of Chaetomium globosum species group, potential biocontrol agent of barley foliar diseases.

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Moya ◽  
Debora Pedemonte ◽  
Susana Amengual ◽  
Mario E. E. Franco ◽  
Marina N. Sisterna
Keyword(s):  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Efficient Alternative

“Net blotch” (Drechslera teres) and “Bipolaris spot blotch” (Bipolaris sorokiniana) are foliar diseases of barley. Biological control is currently considered as an efficient alternative to chemical management of these plant diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify 2 isolates of Chaetomium (C2 and C5), endophytics on barley seedlings and to study the in vitro interactions with D. teres and B. sorokiniana, isolated from seeds of the same host. Cultural and morphologicalcharacterization of all microorganisms was done. In addition, molecular characterization of Chaetomiumspp. was conducted and dual culture tests were carried out to find, by microscopic observations, the effects of the antagonist on the morphology of the pathogens. The results confirm the identity of the pathogens and the isolates of Chaetomium spp. as Chaetomium globosum species group. Inhibition of B. sorokiniana and D. teres by C2 and C5 accounted for 30% and 31.2 %, and 40% and 36% respectively, compared with the control. The mechanisms of action against B. sorokiniana and D. teres were antibiosis and competition and mycoparasitism, respectively. Microscopic observation revealed deformed conidia in B. sorokiniana and plasmolisis, coiling and orange pigmentation in D. teres.

Electron microscopy of barley root infection by the fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2724-2731 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Carlson ◽  
U. Stenram ◽  
M. Gustafsson ◽  
H.-B. Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Barley Root ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum

An electron microscopic investigation of barley roots infected in vitro by Bipolaris sorokiniana showed the existence of an extracellular sheath on germ tubes and appressoria attached to the root surface. Growth of the fungus in the epidermis and outer cortex was predominantly intracellular, whereas in the inner cortex the hyphae observed were mainly intercellular. Hyphae could not be detected in the stele 24 or 72 h after inoculation. Enzymatic activity in the apex of penetration hyphae is a possible explanation of the electron-dense areas seen in host cell walls 72 h after inoculation. Separation of plasmalemma from cell wall and degeneration of host nuclei and mitochondria were other infection-induced changes commonly seen. A host response to fungal infection involved the development of papillae between the plasma membrane and cell wall of the plant as well as around fungal hyphae. Key words: Bipolaris sorokiniana, Cochliobolus sativus, Helminthosporium sativum, Hordeum vulgare, barley, root, microscopy.

Bacillus subtilis TE3: A promising biological control agent against Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of spot blotch in wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eber Villa-Rodríguez ◽  
Fannie Parra-Cota ◽  
Ernestina Castro-Longoria ◽  
Jaime López-Cervantes ◽  
Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Causal Agent

scholarly journals Evaluation of culture media for the growth of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
Jorge Dominguez ◽  
Carlos Mejía ◽  
Marina Sisterna ◽  
Francisco Sautua ◽  
Marcelo Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Drechslera Teres

Evaluation of collection spring barley varieties for valuable economic features for breeding in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Sabadyn
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Hordei ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Immunological Monitoring ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Recessive Genes

Aim. To conduct immunological monitoring of collection spring barley varieties against pathogens of the most common diseases. To select starting material with a set of valuable features for in breeding for pathogen resistance and productivity in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. The Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres populations were found to be the most widespread in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Drechslera graminea, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Drechsler and Puccinia hordei were not common, and in only waterlogged years their damage intensity amounted to 10-15%. Complex resistance (damage 10.0 %) to three diseases – E. graminis f. sp. hordei, B. sorokiniana and D. teres was identified in the following varieties: Dokaz, Aspekt, Kuburas, Hanka, and STN 115. The recessive genes mlo were shown to be extensively and highly effective against E. graminis f. sp. hordei. Varieties Adonis, Bojos, Aspen, Barke, Class, Eunova, Josefin, Danuta, Breemar, and Madeira were resistant to these genes. Structural analysis performed with varieties of spring barley, which were resistant to disease. The following varieties were superior to the check variety in terms of length, grain number and weight from the main ear: Kuburas, Troychan, Sanktrum, and Yevroprestyzh. Conclusions. We selected sources of complex resistance to diseases (damage  10.0%): Aspekt, Dokaz, Hanka, Kuburas, and STN 115. The donors of resistance to E. graminis f. sp. hordei (damage  3.5%) are Adonis, Barke, Bojos, Aspen, Сlass, Danuta, Eunova, Josefin, Breemar, and Madeira. The sources of valuable economic features are: by the ear length (9.7-10.2 cm) - varieties Kuburas, Vivaldi, Troychan, Sanktrum, Yevroprestyzh; by the grain number from the main ear (25.5-27.8) - varieties Kuburas, Troychan, Sanktrum, Koloryt, Yevroprestyzh, Danuta, and Eunova; by grain weight from the main ear (1.5-2.0 g) - varieties Kuburas, Vivaldi, Troychan, Sanktrum, Hanka, Koloryt, Yevroprestyzh, Barke, Danuta, Pivdennyi,and Eunova.

scholarly journals Sources of valuable crop features of spring barley varieties for breeding in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
V. Sabadyn
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Puccinia Hordei ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Immunological Monitoring ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Number Of Stems

The population of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal, Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. and Drechslera teres Ito. was found to be the most widespread in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine. Drechslera graminea Ito and Puccinia hordei Otth. were not common. For an average of 7 years of research, the sources of the disease complex have been identified on a provocative background. Resistance (lesions up to 10.0 %) to two diseases – Erysiphe graminis and Drechslera teres were characterized by the following varieties: Etyket, Obolon, Parnas, Khadar, Edem, Pivdennyi, Koloryt (Ukraine), Josefin (France), Ebson, Malz, Aspen (Czech Republic), Barke, Bojos, Breemar, Brenda, Landora, Madeira, Danuta, Adonis, Сlass (Germany), Vivaldi, Eunova, Secuva (Austria). Complex resistance (lesions up to 10.0 %) to three diseases – Erysiphe graminis, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres were characterized by the following varieties: Aspekt, Dokaz (Ukraine), Hanka, Kuburas (Germany), STN 115 (Poland). The recessive genes mlo: mlo9, mlo11 and the combination of genes: mlo + Mla13 + Ml (La), mlo + Mla1 and mlo + Mla12 have been shown to be highly effective for Erysiphe graminis for a long time. High resistance and resistance were characterized by varieties protected by these resistance genes: Adonis, Barke, Bojos, Aspen, Сlass, Danuta, Eunova, Josefin, Breemar і Madeira. In spring barley varieties that showed disease resistance, structural analysis was performed by plant height, number of stems, spike length, number of grains, and weight of spikelets. In terms of length, number of grains and weight of grain of the main ear, the following varieties were better than the standard: Kuburas, Koloryt, Troichan, Barke, Danuta, Hanka, Ievroprestyzh, Sanktrum and others. Dedicated sources and donors of resistant varieties of spring barley to common pathogens can be used for immunity selection. Selected varieties by yield are the material for the selection of spring barley as a source of valuable features. These varieties are involved in hybridization. Key words: varieties, immunological monitoring, resistance, Erysiphe graminis, Bipolaris sorokiniana і Drechslera teres, valuable crop features, sources, donors.

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