THE EFFECT OF SWATHING AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURITY ON THE MALTING QUALITY OF BARLEY

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Dew ◽  
V. M. Bendelow
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Malting Quality

Tests conducted at Lacombe, Alberta, indicate barley may be harvested at a stage of maturity indicated by a kernel moisture content of 35 per cent, without any significant effect on malting quality. The per cent heavy grade and 1000-kernel weight increased rapidly till approximately 40 per cent kernel moisture was reached and showed little change from there to maturity. Barley nitrogen and saacharifying activity increased slightly throughout the complete range. The per cent extract was not consistent, some tests showing a slight increase and some showing a slight decrease with approaching maturity.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBLE ENERGY OF BARLEY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. BHATTY ◽  
J. D. BERDAHL ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Starch Composition ◽  
High Amylose

Digestibility of energy (D) and digestible energy (DE) content of 16 cultivars and lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare and H. distichum) were determined by mouse-feeding and related to 1,000-kernel weight (KW), plumpness (seed size), hull, protein, lysine, starch, amylose and gross energy (GE) of the cultivars. The experimental design allowed paired comparisons to be made of D and DE between the hulled vs. hulless types, small vs. large-seeded, normal vs. high lysine, low vs. high amylose, and good vs. poor malting quality of the cultivars. The data obtained showed that KW, plumpness and lysine contents of barley had little effect on D and DE. Although four cultivar pairs (II, III, IV, and VIII) had variable starch composition, only in pair IV did high amylose content reduce D. The data appeared to suggest that good malting quality in barley is not incompatible with high D and DE as determined by mouse-feeding. The hull content of the cultivars had a major influence both on D and DE. The mean D and DE values for the six hulless cultivars were 85.7% and 3,918 kcal/kg compared with means of 79.2% and 3,627 kcal/kg for the 10 hulled cultivars.

THE EFFECT OF LEAF RUST OF BARLEY ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF BARLEY VARIETIES

1945 ◽  
Vol 23c (6) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
B. Peturson ◽  
W. O. S. Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Yield And Quality

An experiment was carried out to test the effect of leaf rust of barley (Puccinia anomala Rostr.) on the yield, grade, and malting quality of the six barley varieties, O.A.C. 21, Mensury, Chevron, Peatland, Regal, and Plush. Leaf rust reduced the grade of O.A.C. 21 and Mensury by one commercial grade, and caused statistically significant reductions in the yield, bushel weight, and kernel weight of all the varieties tested except Mensury. It adversely affected the value of all the varieties for malting purposes by reducing the percentage of heavy-grade kernels. The nitrogen content and the wort nitrogen content were reduced by leaf rust, but the malt extract and diastatic powers were not greatly affected. Differentia¡ responses of the varieties to rust infection were observed in yield, kernel weight, bushel weight, and malt properties.

THE EFFECT OF IMMATURITY AND HARVESTING METHOD ON THE PROPERTIES AND QUALITY OF BARLEY

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SUMNER ◽  
W. L. CROWLE ◽  
D. T. SPURR ◽  
J. A. KERNAN
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Weight Test ◽  
Method Yield ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Barley Kernel

Three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Betzes, Harrington and Scout, a hulless cultivar, were harvested at kernel moisture contents (KMC) ranging from 55 to 12% at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan in 1983 and 1984. The traditional swathing/air drying/threshing method, and the straight combining/artificial drying method were investigated. Generally all cultivars showed little or no improvement in the yield, 1000-kernel weight, test weight, proximate analysis and malting properties as the KMC decreased from 40% to about 15%. Harvesting above a KMC of 40% caused yield losses ranging from about 21 to 35% and deterioration of most other properties. In 1983, straight (direct) combining generally resulted in yields averaging 10–15% higher than the traditional swathing method, but in 1984 the effect of the harvesting methods was reversed. The swathing method usually produced superior malting quality but when harvested above a KMC of 40%, such barley would only be suitable for feed.Key words: Barley, kernel moisture content, harvesting method, yield, quality, immaturity

THE EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON THE PROPERTIES AND QUALITY OF IMMATURE BARLEY

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092
Author(s):  
A. K. SUMNER ◽  
W. L. CROWLE ◽  
D. T. SPURR ◽  
S. SOKHANSANJ ◽  
J. A. KERNAN
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Harvesting Method

The effect of drying temperature was determined on the properties and quality of straight (direct) combined/artificially dried immature barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Harrington’) and compared with traditionally swathed/natural air-dried/threshed barley. Four stages of maturity were investigated ranging in kernel moisture content (KMC) from 56 to 19%. Straight combined samples were dried at temperatures of 20, 35, 60 and 90 °C. The artificial drying temperatures produced similar yields and 1000-kernel weights but the lower temperatures produced larger test weights for grain straight combined at 56% KMC. Small reductions in crude protein, crude fat and ash content occurred for the most immature barley when the higher drying temperatures were used. Plumpness, germination and other malting qualities decreased with increasing KMC and artificial drying temperature. Except for a little higher yield for the straight combined barley, both harvesting methods usually produced barley with similar physical properties and composition when the KMC was about 40% or less and the artificial drying temperatures did not exceed 35 °C. Swathing provided barley with the best germination and malting quality when the KMC exceeded 20%.Key words: Barley, drying, harvesting method, quality, immaturity, kernel moisture content

FIELD CONTROL OF LOOSE SMUT IN BARLEY WITH THE SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES VITAVAX AND PLANTVAX

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Reinbergs ◽  
L. V. Edgington ◽  
D. R. Metcalfe ◽  
V. M. Bendelow
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Field Control ◽  
Smut Spores

Vitavax (2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin) applied as a seed treatment at a rate of 113 g per 45.4 kg of barley seed gave complete control of loose smut under field conditions. The seed treatment increased yield significantly in Parkland where smut in untreated plots was 49%. In York, with 16% smut in plants grown from untreated seed, yield increases were not significant. A higher dosage (227 g) also controlled smut but appeared to cause some toxicity. Seed treatment had no apparent effect on the malting quality of the seed subsequently harvested.Plantvax (2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-4,4 dioxide) applied as a soil treatment at the rates of 5.6 kg/ha and 11.2 kg/ha also resulted in effective loose smut control in York barley but did not result in increased yield. There were indications that yield was depressed at the higher rate in York and at both rates in the variety Herta.There were also indications that treatments with either chemical had a slight effect on height, date of maturity, weight per hectoliter and 1,000-kernel weight. Seed treatment at planting time did not prevent infection of barley florets by loose smut spores 55 to 60 days after planting.

Relationship between grain milling energy and malting quality of barley

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vejražka ◽  
V. Psota ◽  
J. Ehrenbergerova ◽  
P. Hrstkova
Keyword(s):  
Malting Quality ◽  
Grain Milling

ANALYSIS OF SOUND SPEED IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION AT REFERENCE MOISTURE CONTENT (w = 12 %) IN SAWMILL ASSORTMENTS (FAGUS SYLVATICA, L.)

Akustika ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Alena Rohanová
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Structural Timber ◽  
Sound Speeds ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Round Timber

This paper explores the analysis of sound speeds in the longitudinal direction and their reduction to the reference moisture content w = 12 %. The sound speed cw was determined with Sylvatest Duo device. Moisture content of beech sawmill assortments (round timber: N = 16, logs: N = 2 × 16, structural boards: N = 54) in the range of 12 – 72 % was measured. For the analysis purposes, the sound speed was converted to reference conditions (c12, uref = 12%). A second-degree polynomial (parabola) with a regression equation of the form: c// = 5649 - 27,371 × w + 0.0735 × w2 was used to convert cw to c12, and correction of measured and calculated values was used as well. The sound speeds c12 in sawmill assortments (c12,round, c12,log, c12,board) were evaluated by linear dependences. Dependence was not confirmed for c12,round and c12,board1 (r = 0.168), in contrast for c12,round and c12,log2 the dependence is statistically very significant (r = 0.634). The results of testing showed that the most suitable procedure for predicting quality of structural timber is the first step round timber – log2, the second step: log2 - board2. More exact results of the construction boards were obtained from log2 than from log1. The sound speed is used in the calculation of dynamic modulus of elasticity (Edyn). EN 408 mentions the possibility of using dynamic modulus of elasticity as an alternative method in predicting the quality of structural timber.

Effects of Grain Moisture Content on Mechanical Grain Harvesting Quality of Summer Maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu LI ◽  
Jun XUE ◽  
Rui-Zhi XIE ◽  
Ke-Ru WANG ◽  
Bo MING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Grain Moisture

Ear moisture during kernel development as influenced by field and laboratory selection

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Z. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Selection

Grain quality, timeliness of harvest, and profitability can be increased by improving field drying characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. To better understand hows genes control ear drying, I compared maize strains developed by divergently selecting three cycles for (1) high HM or low LM moisture content at 45 d post pollination in the field or (2) fast FD vs. slow ear drying SD In laboratory. A field study across five locations compared HM, LM, FD, and SD strains from each of five synthetics for grain yield, ear moisture at harvest, test weight, lodging, and other agronomic traits. I studied ear moisture during grain filling for two subsets of divergently selected strains from one and three synthetics for 2 yr. In a third 2-yr field study, I measured mature kernel weight, lag period duration (LPD), effective grain-filling period (EFPD), and rate of dry matter accumulation (RDMA) for LM and HM strains developed from each of four synthetics. When averaged across the five synthetics, both SD and LM selections produced equivalent yields but lower ear moisture at harvest than the corresponding divergent strains. The LM strains had higher test weights than HM strains. When averaged across three synthetics and 2 yr, the HM strains produced higher moisture than LM strains at 15, 30, 45, and 60 d after silking. However, environments also influenced moisture content of the kernels during grain filling. In three of the four synthetics studied, HM strains had heavier kernels than corresponding LM strains. The heavier kernels seem to be due to increased RDMA. When averaged across four synthetics, LM strains had shorter LPD than HM strains. These correlated selection responses suggest that a genetic association exists among moisture content during grain filling, moisture content at physiological maturity, moisture content at harvest, LPD, and test weight. Breeding for LM or SD should improve field-drying characteristics of maize without increasing stalk breakage or decreasing yields. Key words:Zea mays L., grain filling, dry-down rates, mass selection, breeding methods

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