SALT TOLERANCE OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS IN RELATION TO TALL WHEATGRASS AND SLENDER WHEATGRASS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Rauser ◽  
W. L. Crowle
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Germination Experiments ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass ◽  
Salt Toxicity

Salt tolerance of Russian wild ryegrass was compared with that of tall wheatgrass and slender wheatgrass in controlled germination experiments and in a field trial. There appeared to be specific salt toxicity when Russian wild ryegrass was germinated in saline saturation soil extracts and sodium sulphate solutions. However, the absolute germination of this species was intermediate between that of tall wheatgrass and slender wheatgrass in the osmotic range up to 12.15 atmospheres. In the field it was found that Russian wild ryegrass would establish, persist, and produce well in soil concentrations giving osmotic pressures up to 4.5 atmospheres (12 mmhos/cm. conductivity). Although the salt tolerance of Russian wild ryegrass was not as great as that of tall wheatgrass, it was quite comparable to that of Primar slender wheatgrass and above previously recognized levels.

Association of salt tolerance at seedling emergence with adult plant performance in slender wheatgrass

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Pearen ◽  
M. D. Pahl ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz ◽  
R. Hermesh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Agropyron Trachycaulum ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Regrowth of 15 slender wheatgrass (SWG, Elymus trachycalus sp. Trachycalus (= Agropyron trachycaulum Link Malte) lines was evaluated after 3 (harvest-one) and 11 wk (harvest-two) after clipping at four salinity levels. Lines were previously categorized into salt-tolerant (TOL) and non salt-tolerant (NT) accessions based on percent emergence at 15 mS cm−1 relative to a salt-tolerant control, tall wheatgrass (TWG, Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv. [= Thinopyron ponticum (Podpera) Lu & Wong]. Regrowth of five TOL, five NT, five untested (UT) SWG lines and TWG were compared in a greenhouse with nutrient solutions salinized to ECe values of 2, 7, 15, and 23 mS cm−1. Regrowth of all SWG lines decreased from 68 to 98% as salinity increased. Orbit tall wheatgrass shoots were about threefold larger than SWG shoots at 15 and 23 mS cm−1. Phenological development of NT lines was slower (P ≤ 0.05) than that of TOL and UT lines at all ECe levels. However, shoot growth of NT lines exceeded (P ≤ 0.05) that of TOL lines at 23 mS cm−1. Regrowth after 3 and 11 wk were correlated within ECe levels, (r = 0.22 to r = 0.34, P ≤ 0.01). Lack of a positive relationship between lines selected for emergence in saline media and their subsequent growth under saline conditions indicates that improvements in adult plant growth under saline conditions will require additional selection for appropriate traits in SWG. Key words: Slender wheatgrass, Elymus trachycalus sp. trachycalus (= Agropyron trachycaulum Link Malte), tall wheatgrass, Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv. (= Thinopyron ponticum (Podpera) Lu & Wong), salt tolerance, genetic screening, emergence

Comparative studies on salt tolerance of seedlings for one cultivar of puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) and two cultivars of tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum)

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zhang ◽  
B. C. Jacobs ◽  
M. O'Donnell ◽  
J. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Thinopyrum Ponticum ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass

Salt tolerances of 3 cultivars, Menemen puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata Bor), Tyrrell and Dundas [tall wheatgrass, Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Z. W. Liu and R. R. C. Wang], were compared with respect to their seed germination, adaptive responses to salt and waterlogging, seedling emergence, plant growth, shoot osmolality and mineral contents in a series of salt-stress experiments. An inverse normal distribution provided good fits for the time to seed germination. Under NaCl stress, 50% of the control (distilled water) seed germination rates of Menemen, Tyrrell and Dundas were achieved in 178.8, 300.9 and 296.8 mmol/L NaCl, respectively. Fifty percent of the control seedling emergence rates of these 3 cultivars were in 92.7, 107.2 and 113.5 mmol/L NaCl, respectively. The seed germination rates of these 3 cultivars under both salt and waterlogging stress were far lower than those germinated only under salt stress at the same salt level. Seed pretreatment by soaking seed in NaCl solutions greatly increased the seed germination rate under salt stress for Menemen and under both salt stress and waterlogging for Dundas. Tyrrell and Dundas were very similar in their tolerance to salt stress, and were significantly (P<0.05) more salt tolerant than Menemen in terms of seed germination and seedling emergence rate. Both shoot height and dry matter of these 3 cultivars were not statistically different among all salt stress levels during the seedling elongation period, indicating that the established plants of these 3 cultivars were very salt tolerant. The salt tolerance mechanisms of these 3 cultivars are possibly related to their abilities to maintain high osmolality in shoots by regulating high sodium and potassium contents, and reducing calcium deficiency under salt stress.

scholarly journals Rice Na+-Permeable Transporter OsHAK12 Mediates Shoots Na+ Exclusion in Response to Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linan Zhang ◽  
Xiangyu Sun ◽  
Yanfang Li ◽  
Xuan Luo ◽  
Shaowen Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Membrane Transporter ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Salt Toxicity ◽  
Plasma Membrane Transporter

Soil salinity has become a major stress factor that reduces crop productivity worldwide. Sodium (Na+) toxicity in a number of crop plants is tightly linked with shoot Na+ overaccumulation, thus Na+ exclusion from shoot is crucial for salt tolerance in crops. In this study, we identified a member of the high-affinity K+ transport family (HAK), OsHAK12, which mediates shoots Na+ exclusion in response to salt stress in rice. The Oshak12 mutants showed sensitivity to salt toxicity and accumulated more Na+ in the xylem sap, leading to excessive Na+ in the shoots and less Na+ in the roots. Unlike typical HAK family transporters that transport K+, OsHAK12 is a Na+-permeable plasma membrane transporter. In addition, OsHAK12 was strongly expressed in the root vascular tissues and induced by salt stress. These findings indicate that OsHAK12 mediates Na+ exclusion from shoot, possibly by retrieving Na+ from xylem vessel thereby reducing Na+ content in the shoots. These findings provide a unique function of a rice HAK family member and provide a potential target gene for improving salt tolerance of rice.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Salt Tolerance during Vegetative Growth in Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 624b-624
Author(s):  
M.R. Foolad
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
The Absolute

Breeding for salt tolerance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) has been restricted by insufficient knowledge of the genetic control of tolerance. The genetic basis of salt tolerance during vegetative growth was investigated by growing a salt tolerant (PI174263) and a salt sensitive tomato cultivar (UCT5) and their F1, F2, and backcross progeny in saline solutions with electrical conductivity of 0.5 (control) and 20 dS·m–1 (salt-stress). The relative salt tolerance of each generation was determined as the percentage of growth (i.e., dry matter production) under salt-stress relative to growth under control conditions. In all generations, shoot growth was significantly reduced by salt-stress. The reduction was largest in UCT5 (56.1%) and smallest in the F1 (27.4%) followed by PI174263 (32.3%). Analysis of the absolute and relative growth under salt-stress indicated that genes contributing to vigor might be different from genes conferring tolerance. Generation means analyses of the absolute and relative growth indicated that the majority of the genetic variation among generations were due to simple (additive and dominance) genetic effects; nonallelic interactions, although significant, were far less important. Partitioning of the total genetic variance by weighted least square regression analysis and variance component analysis indicated that 88% or more of the variation were due to additive genetic effects. A moderate estimate of narrow sense heritability (0.49 ± 0.09) was obtained for shoot dry weight under salt-stress treatment. The results indicate that tomato salt tolerance during vegetative growth can be improved by breeding and selection.

scholarly journals RNA-Binding Proteins as Targets to Improve Salt Stress Tolerance in Crops

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rosa Téllez ◽  
Rodoldphe Kanhonou ◽  
Carlos Castellote Bellés ◽  
Ramón Serrano ◽  
Paula Alepuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Salt Toxicity

Salt stress drastically reduce crop productivity. In order to identify genes that could improve crop salt tolerance, we randomly expressed a cDNA library of the halotolerant sugar beet in a sodium-sensitive yeast strain. We identified six sugar beet genes coding for RNA binding proteins (RBP) able to increase the yeast Na+-tolerance. Two of these genes, named Beta vulgaris Salt Tolerant 3 (BvSATO3) and BvU2AF35b, participate in RNA splicing. The other four BvSATO genes (BvSATO1, BvSATO2, BvSATO4 and BvSATO6) are putatively involved in other processes of RNA metabolism. BvU2AF35b improved the growth of a wild type yeast strain under salt stress, and also in mutant backgrounds with impaired splicing, thus confirming that splicing is a target of salt toxicity. To validate the yeast approach, we characterized BvSATO1 in sugar beet and Arabidopsis. BvSATO1 expression was repressed by salt treatment in sugar beet, suggesting that this gene could be a target of salt toxicity. Expression of BvSATO1 in Arabidopsis increased the plant salt tolerance. Our results suggest that not only RNA splicing, but RNA metabolic processes such as such as RNA stability or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay may also be affected by salt stress and could be biotechnological targets for crop improvement.

THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER, ROW SPACING, AND IRRIGATION ON SEED YIELD OF NINE GRASSES IN CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Crowle
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass ◽  
Seed Yields

Nine perennial grasses were grown for seed under irrigation and dryland conditions using 3-ft and 1-ft row spacing, and with and without fertilizer. Grasses were quite specific in their seed yield response. All grasses benefited from irrigation, some more than others. Three-foot row spacings resulted in higher seed yields for crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, and Russian wild ryegrass for both dryland and irrigation. The 3-ft spacing gave reduced seed yields for creeping red fescue and Kentucky bluegrass for both irrigated and dryland conditions. Wide spacing benefited slender wheatgrass only on dryland. Fertilizer gave quite inconsistent responses, and for slender wheatgrass, creeping red fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass under dryland conditions, fertilizer caused a reduction in seed yields. Fertilizer resulted in reduced yields of tall wheatgrass when grown under irrigation.

scholarly journals Development and Application of Image-Based High-Throughput Phenotyping Methodology for Salt Tolerance in Lentils

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1992
Author(s):  
Ruwani Dissanayake ◽  
Hossein V. Kahrood ◽  
Adam M. Dimech ◽  
Dianne M. Noy ◽  
Garry M. Rosewarne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Optimized Protocol ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Salt Toxicity

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress in Australian lentil-producing areas. It is therefore imperative to identify genetic variation for salt tolerance in order to develop lentil varieties suitable for saline soils. Conventional screening methods include the manual assessment of stress symptoms, which can be very laborious, time-consuming, and error-prone. Recent advances in image-based high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) technologies have provided unparalleled opportunities to screen plants for a range of stresses, such as salt toxicity. The current study describes the development and application of an HTP method for salt toxicity screening in lentils. In a pilot study, six lentil genotypes were evaluated to determine the optimal salt level and the growth stage for distinguishing lentil genotypes using red–green–blue (RGB) images on a LemnaTec Scanalyzer 3D phenomics platform. The optimized protocol was then applied to screen 276 accessions that were also assessed earlier in a conventional phenotypic screen. Detailed phenotypic trait assessments, including plant growth and green/non-green color pixels, were made and correlated to the conventional screen (r = 0.55; p < 0.0001). These findings demonstrated the improved efficacy of an image-based phenotyping approach that is high-throughput, efficient, and better suited to modern breeding programs.

Studies on the nutrition of pasture plants in the South-west of Western Australia. III. The effect of sulphur on the growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
South West ◽  
Pasture Plants ◽  
Pot Culture

Sulphur applied as calcium sulphate or sodium sulphate significantly increased the growth of subterranean clover on a number of sandy soils in pot culture and also on a gravelly sand under field conditions at Kojonup. In the field trial a significant response was also obtained in the volunteer annual, capeweed.Total sulphur in the tops of both clover and capeweed was markedly increased by sulphur application; the lowest values were observed in one of the pot-culture trials, where deficiency symptoms were most prominent. Some reasons are suggested for the earlier appearance of deficiency symptoms in the field trial, where the deficiency was less severe than in the pot-culture experiments.

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