THE INFLUENCE OF VARIETY, SOIL TEMPERATURE, AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON YIELD AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY ALFALFA

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Levesque ◽  
J. W. Ketcheson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Du Puits and Ladak varieties of alfalfa were grown for 10 weeks in the greenhouse on soil-sand media controlled at temperatures of 10°, 18°, and 26 °C. P32-tagged superphosphate was applied at rates of 10 and 80 p.p.m. phosphorus, respectively. Dry matter yields and phosphorus content of the tissue was determined at the end of the growth period. Increasing soil temperature from 10° to 26 °C. caused corresponding increases in total phosphorus uptake as a result of an increase in dry matter yields as well as an increase in the percentage of phosphorus in the plant tissue. Ladak exhibited the higher yield potential although Du Puits was less affected by low soil temperature conditions and appeared capable of making better use of soil phosphorus. With the higher phosphorus application, the root-top ratio for Du Puits was greater than that for Ladak, and the maximum value for this ratio occurred at 18 °C. for each variety. P32 activity measured in the tissue indicated that soil temperature was critical in terms of phosphorus fertilization in the 4- and 6-week stages of growth.

Relationships among soil respiration, soil temperature and dry matter accumulation for wheat-maize intercropping in an arid environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-bao Liu ◽  
Qiang Chai ◽  
Gao-bao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

Liu, S. B., Chai, Q. and Huang, G. B. 2013. Relationships among soil respiration, soil temperature and dry matter accumulation for wheat-maize intercropping in an arid environment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 715–724. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) offers an opportunity to boost grain production in short-season areas, but little is known about the sustainability of the intercropping system. This study, conducted at an arid irrigation site in 2009 and 2010, determined water consumption and soil respiration (Rs) characteristics and their relationships to soil temperature (Ts) and above-ground dry matter (DM) accumulation for wheat/maize (W/M) intercropping compared with sole wheat and sole maize. The W/M intercropping had a co-growth period of 70-80 d, allowing the two intercropped species to complete their life cycles. Maximum DM rate for the wheat in the W/M system was significantly greater than that for sole wheat (57 vs. 51 g d−1), which occurred at around 72 to 77 d after sowing (DAS), whereas the maximum DM rate for the maize in the W/M system was between 31.6 and 44.9 g m−2 d−1, or 30 to 43% lower than that of sole maize. The ercroppedhe umulation of a thetime to reach maximum DM was 96 DAS in 2009 and 80 DAS in 2010 for sole maize, and the corresponding time for the intercropped maize was delayed by 6 to 10 d. Soil respiration and DM was a curvilinear relationship; with the increase in DM accumulation, Rs increased, reached a peak at the early flowering stage for wheat and at the silking stage for maize, and then declined. Soil respiration increased linearly with increases in soil temperature during the growth period for both sole and intercropping, suggesting that farming practices aimed at reducing soil temperature will be effective in reducing carbon emissions. Evapotranspiration during the co-growth period averaged 44.1 mm for sole wheat and 48.5 mm for the intercropped wheat and 57.0 mm for sole maize and 48.0 mm for the intercropped maize, but soil water status had little or no effect on Rs. Wheat/maize intercropping had greater grain yield with lower soil respiration over the corresponding sole plantings, and it can serve as a sustainable cropping system for arid irrigation areas.

The response of barrel medic pasture to topdressed and placed superphosphate in central western New South Wales

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Scott
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Methods Of Application

The dry matter production of a pasture of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong) under different rates and methods of application of superphosphate was examined, during 1971 and 1972, on a phosphorus deficient soil at Condobolin, New South Wales. The treatments were factorial combinations of four rates of superphosphate (0, 126, 376, and 753 kg ha-1) and four methods of application of superphosphate (surface spread i.e. topdressed, surface applied in bands, placed at 5 cm depth, and placed at 1 0 cm depth). The dry matter production and phosphorus uptake results demonstrated the effectiveness of subsurface placement of superphosphate, but relative ineffectiveness of surface application during the dry winters experienced. The results also showed that root development in the dry 0-2 cm zone was restricted compared with that in the deeper moist soil layers. Soil phosphorus tests showed that one year after topdressing phosphorus had not moved below the 2-4 cm depth layer, even at 753 kg ha-1 of superphosphate.

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN FORM AND SOIL TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE OF CORN PLANTS GROWN IN THE GREENHOUSE

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dormaar ◽  
J. W. Ketcheson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Corn Plants

In a greenhouse experiment, corn seedlings were grown over a 2-week period in soil and in sand-resin media. Nitrate and ammonium nitrogen was applied at rates from 25 to 800 p.p.m., and phosphorus at 50 and 200 p.p.m. Soil temperatures of 60°, 70°, and 80 °F. were used.It was concluded that growth and phosphorus uptake reached a maximum when approximately 200 p.p.m nitrogen was applied. Total dry matter production in roots was inversely related to nitrogen application, and to total phosphorus uptake. In soil, the ammonium form of nitrogen tended to be more effective than the nitrate form in increasing phosphorus uptake. In sand-resin with an absence of nitrification, the opposite was found. Significant interactions were found between nitrogen rate and form. Increasing soil temperature from 60° to 80 ° F. enhanced the effect of nitrogen on phosphorus uptake.

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on Productivity of Intensively Managed Grasses Under Humid Tropical Conditions in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Jacinto Figarella ◽  
José Vicente-Chandler ◽  
Servando Silva ◽  
Rubén Caro-Costas
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus

The effects of phosphorus applications on yields and phosphorus content of otherwise well-fertilized tropical grasses growing on three typical soils of the Humid Region of Puerto Rico were determined. Napier grass responded strongly in yield to applications of 150 pounds of P2O5 per acre yearly on both Múcara and Catalina clay soils at Orocovis. The phosphorus content of the forage increased with applications of up to 300 pounds of P2O5 per acre yearly on both soils. On the other hand, Napier, Guinea, and Pangola grasses, growing on a Fajardo clay formerly in moderately fertilized sugarcane for many years, did not respond in yield or phosphorus content to applications of phosphorus over a 5-year period. Various methods of determining "available" soil phosphorus did not give satisfactory results with these soils.

scholarly journals Efficiency and response of conilon coffee clones to phosphorus fertilization

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lima Deleon Martins ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Tomaz ◽  
José Francisco Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
Scheilla Marina Bragança ◽  
Herminia Emilia Prieto Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Studies on nutritional efficiency of phosphorus in conilon coffee plants are important tools to unravel the high limitation that natural low levels of this nutrient in soil impose to these species cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the nutritional efficiency and the response to phosphorus of conilon coffee clones. Plants were managed during 150 days in pots containing 10 dm³ of soil, in greenhouse. A factorial scheme 13 x 2 was used, with three replications, being the factors: 13 clones constituting the clonal cultivar "Vitória Incaper 8142" and two levels of phosphate fertilization (0% and 150% of the P2O5 usualy recommended), in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results indicate a differentiated response of dry matter production and of phosphorus content on each level of phosphate fertilization for the conilon coffee clones and that CV-04, CV-05 and CV-08 clones are nutritionally efficient and responsive to the phosphate fertilization.

scholarly journals Kinetics of phosphorus uptake and root morphology of local and improved varieties of maize

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Torres de Toledo Machado ◽  
Ângela Maria Cangiani Furlani
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Maize Varieties

Interspecific and intraspecific differences in the efficiency of utilization of soil phosphorus (P) are explained, in part, by plant morphological and physiological variations, which characterize the plant for nutrient acquisition. As part of a study on maize genotypes characterization for P-uptake and use efficiency, kinetic parameters of P uptake and root morphological characters were evaluated for six local and improved maize varieties, grown in nutrient solution. The kinetic parameters related to P influx were: maximal transport rate (Vmax), the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), and the external concentration when net uptake is zero (Cmin). Measured root morphological characters were: root length, radius, and surface area. Shoot and root dry matter yield and the P content in these parts were also determined. Diferences among varieties were observed in the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km, root length and in root/shoot dry matter ratio. Lower Km values were better indicatives of P uptake ability of the varietes and were significantly correlated to higher dry matter production and P-efficiency index.

THE GROWTH, NICOTINE AND PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF TOBACCO GROWN AT DIFFERENT SOIL TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Parups ◽  
K. F. Nielsen ◽  
S. J. Bourget
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Stalk Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Growth, nicotine and phosphorus content of tobacco, as influenced by soil temperature, soil moisture and soil phosphorus levels, were investigated by growing the flue-cured variety Hicks in a combination of three soil temperature, four soil moisture, and three soil phosphorus treatments.Soil temperature of 22 °C. and soil moisture of 75 per cent of available moisture appeared to be the best for the over-all growth of tobacco. The over-all growth was a little lower at the 30 °C. soil temperature than at the 22 °C. temperature while at the 14 °C temperature it was very poor. Nicotine and phosphorus content in leaf tissue decreased with decreasing soil temperature. A decrease in soil moisture decreased the growth but increased the nicotine content of tobacco. Phosphorus content was influenced little by soil moisture treatments. Low soil moisture treatments were more detrimental to growth of tobacco at the low soil temperature than at the higher ones. Phosphorus produced growth responses at the low soil temperature only. Nicotine content was not influenced by soil phosphorus treatments. Phosphorus applications increased the leaf phosphorus content. At the 14 °C. soil temperature there was an increase in leaf and stalk weight and leaf area with added phosphorus while at the 22° and 30 °C. increases with soil temperature were very small. Stalk weights increased with increasing phosphorus applications at the higher but not at the lower soil moisture levels. The growth was decreased more at the soil temperature of 14 °C. and soil moisture treatments of 25, and near 0 per cent of available moisture than at the soil temperature of 22° and 30 °C. At the low soil moisture phosphorus applications decreased root growth while at the higher soil moisture treatments this phosphorus effect was reversed.

Studies on soil phosphorus III. Phosphorus fractionation as a fertility index in South Australian soils

1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Fractionation ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Pot Culture ◽  
Extractable Soil

A simplification of Ghani's method for the fractionation of soil phosphorus has been used to study relationships between soil and plant phosphorus in field and pot-culture experiments.In pot-culture experiments with red-brown earth soils (pH 5·6–6·1) wheat derived approximately 60% of its phosphorus from the fraction of soil phosphorus soluble in 2·5% acetic acid-1% 8-hydroxyquinoline and 30% from the inorganic fraction soluble in 0·1 n-sodium hydroxide, even although the amount of acetic acid soluble phosphorus present in these soils was only about half that present as inorganic alkali soluble. Very little use was made of organic phosphorus.In field experiments with similar soils there was a correlation between the percentage phosphorus in the plant material and the acetic acid soluble, the inorganic alkali soluble, and the sura of these two fractions of soil phosphorus. The sum of these two fractions was also correlated with the amount of phosphorus taken up by the crop.In pot-culture experiments with a wider range of soil types there was good correlation between the total extractable inorganic soil phosphorus and both the phosphorus content of the plant and the phosphorus uptake. Correlations between individual inorganic extractable soil phosphorus fractions and plant phosphorus were influenced by the pH of the two groups of soils examined.

The phosphorus content and yield of grain of different wheat varieties in relation to phosphorus deficiency

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Several varieties of Australian and two American bread wheats were grown in the glass-house under conditions of controlled phosphorus deficiency. A wide range of final phosphorus concentrations occurred in the grain of all varieties in response to variations in phosphorus supply. Suffcient phosphorus at sowing raised the value for Australian grain to 0.4% P. Under deficiency conditions, the concentration in all varieties fell below 0.25% P, a typical value for grain from southern Australia. Yields of two Australian varieties, Bencubbin and Charter, were further examined. Variety Bencubbin was shown to give larger grain yields than Charter under conditions of phosphorus deficiency, and its grain had lower concentrations of phosphorus. The higher yields were not associated with higher uptakes of phosphorus. Bencubbin showed a marked luxury uptake in the straw at moderate rates of phosphorus application. It is suggested that the lower phosphorus concentrations in the higher-yielding variety are necessarily associated with success in selection for dry matter yield, where the uptake of the nutrient is limited.

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