The phosphorus content and yield of grain of different wheat varieties in relation to phosphorus deficiency

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Several varieties of Australian and two American bread wheats were grown in the glass-house under conditions of controlled phosphorus deficiency. A wide range of final phosphorus concentrations occurred in the grain of all varieties in response to variations in phosphorus supply. Suffcient phosphorus at sowing raised the value for Australian grain to 0.4% P. Under deficiency conditions, the concentration in all varieties fell below 0.25% P, a typical value for grain from southern Australia. Yields of two Australian varieties, Bencubbin and Charter, were further examined. Variety Bencubbin was shown to give larger grain yields than Charter under conditions of phosphorus deficiency, and its grain had lower concentrations of phosphorus. The higher yields were not associated with higher uptakes of phosphorus. Bencubbin showed a marked luxury uptake in the straw at moderate rates of phosphorus application. It is suggested that the lower phosphorus concentrations in the higher-yielding variety are necessarily associated with success in selection for dry matter yield, where the uptake of the nutrient is limited.

scholarly journals Influence of Lime and Phosphorus Application Rates on Growth of Maize in an Acid Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Asbon Opala
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Available P ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The interactive effects of lime and phosphorus on maize growth in an acid soil were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. A completely randomized design with 12 treatments consisting of four lime levels, 0, 2, 10, and 20 t ha−1, in a factorial combination with three phosphorus rates, 0, 30, and 100 kg ha−1, was used. Maize was grown in pots for six weeks and its heights and dry matter yield were determined and soils were analyzed for available P and exchangeable acidity. Liming significantly reduced the exchangeable acidity in the soils. The effect of lime on available P was not significant but available P increased with increasing P rates. There was a significant effect of lime, P, and P by lime interactions on plant heights and dry matter. Without lime application, dry matter increased with increasing P rates but, with lime, dry mattes increased from 0 to 30 kg P ha−1but declined from 30 to 100 kg P ha−1. The highest dry matter yield (13.8 g pot−1) was obtained with a combined 2 t ha−1of lime with 30 kg P ha−1suggesting that lime application at low rates combined with moderate amounts of P would be appropriate in this soil.

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIETY, SOIL TEMPERATURE, AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON YIELD AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY ALFALFA

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Levesque ◽  
J. W. Ketcheson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Du Puits and Ladak varieties of alfalfa were grown for 10 weeks in the greenhouse on soil-sand media controlled at temperatures of 10°, 18°, and 26 °C. P32-tagged superphosphate was applied at rates of 10 and 80 p.p.m. phosphorus, respectively. Dry matter yields and phosphorus content of the tissue was determined at the end of the growth period. Increasing soil temperature from 10° to 26 °C. caused corresponding increases in total phosphorus uptake as a result of an increase in dry matter yields as well as an increase in the percentage of phosphorus in the plant tissue. Ladak exhibited the higher yield potential although Du Puits was less affected by low soil temperature conditions and appeared capable of making better use of soil phosphorus. With the higher phosphorus application, the root-top ratio for Du Puits was greater than that for Ladak, and the maximum value for this ratio occurred at 18 °C. for each variety. P32 activity measured in the tissue indicated that soil temperature was critical in terms of phosphorus fertilization in the 4- and 6-week stages of growth.

EFFECTS OF SELECTION FOR SPEED OF GERMINATION ON ESTABLISHMENT, VIGOR, AND YIELD IN ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Greenhouse Test ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Two Populations

Selection for fast and slow germination in Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.) through three cycles of selection resulted in significant differences in the speed of germination index between the two populations. The fast germinating population established significantly better in a field test than the slow germinating population. Significant differences, although not large, were also found between the populations for spring vigor, seed yield and dry matter yield. However, observations from a greenhouse test indicate that these differences were attributable to differences in stand establishment in the field test rather than directly attributable to selection for speed of germination. It is suggested that selection for fast germination would be useful in breeding better establishing strains of Altai wild ryegrass. This would have little effect on either spring vigor or yield of seed and forage.

Laboratory estimates of the nutritive value of some herbaceous native legumes

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (113) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen ◽  
GPM Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
P Values ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exotic Legumes ◽  
Soil Level

Forty-four accessions of herbaceous native legumes from the genera Glycine and Galactia were grown in a glasshouse in a soil-sand-nutrient mixture that contained adequate phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and molybdenum for plant growth. They were grown as individual plants with four replications of each. All plants were cut to soil level on August 18; regrowth was cut on October 7, November 22 and December 30 (harvests 1,2 and 3). The herbage was dried and analysed for nitrogen (g N/kg OM), phosphorus (g P/kg OM) and organic matter digestibility (% OMD). There were significant differences between the accessions for values of dry matter yield (P<0.001), nitrogen content (P<0.01), phosphorus content (P<0.001) and OMD (P<0.05). The mean nitrogen content declined at each harvest (40.6,33.7 and 31.7 g N/kg OM, respectively; P<0.05) and OMD of the herbage at harvest 3 was less than that at 1 and 2 (70.4, 71.1 and 67.6%, respectively; P<0.05). Herbage from harvest 1 had significantly greater P values than that from harvests 2 and 3 (4.7,4.2 and 4.4 g P/kg OM; P< 0.05). Plant yield was correlated with both nitrogen yield (r = 0.98; P<0.001) and phosphorus yield (r = 0.93; P<0.01) but not with OMD. Nitrogen content and digestibility were correlated (r = 0.48; P<0.01) but neither attribute was significantly correlated with phosphorus content. Samples of native herbaceous legumes belonging to the genera Desmodium and Kennedia and of some exotic legumes were collected from a nursery and analysed for N, P and OMD. The N and P values of all these legumes were in the range 31.9-39.2 g N/kg OM and 3.0-4.1 g P/kg OM, and compared favourably with those of the legumes grown in the glasshouse. The OMD of the exotic legumes (range 61.3-85.2%) compared favourably with those of the native legumes grown in the glasshouse but the natives Desmodium spp. and Kennedia spp. (range 26.7-35.4%) were very much lower than the Glycine spp. and Galactia spp.

The effects of frequency of defoliation on the yield response of a perennial ryegrass sward to a wide range of nitrogen application rates

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cutting Frequency

SummaryIn a 3-year experiment on a sward of S. 23 perennial ryegrass 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer ranging from 0 to 897 kg/ha were applied annually on plots cut three, five or ten times per year. The cutting dates within each frequency were decided on the basis of herbage growth stage. Four-parameter exponential curves fitted to the herbage yield data show that the pattern of response to nitrogen application in the five cuts per year treatment was markedly similar to that reported for a previous experiment (Reid, 1970). Alterations in the cutting frequency affected the pattern of dry-matter yield response to nitrogen, but not that of crude-protein yield response. The combined effects of cutting frequency and nitrogen rate are illustrated by response surfaces fitted to the dry-matter yield results using an extension of the equation for the curves fitted to the individual frequency results. These surfaces show that as the number of cuts per year was increased the total yield and the response to nitrogen decreased, but the response was maintained to an increasingly high nitrogen rate. The practical implications of the results are discussed in relation to intensive grazing managements for dairy cows.

A comparison of the yield responses of four grasses to a wide range of nitrogen application rates

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

SUMMARYThe yield results are reported for an experiment in which 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer were applied on pure-sown swards of four grasses, S. 24 and Barvestra perennial ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 53 meadow fescue. Growth curves fitted to the herbage yield data for each grass in each year are presented. On average the total dry-matter yield curves for the two ryegrasses were similar to one another, but showed a slightly smaller response to nitrogen rates below 300 kg/ha than did S. 23 ryegrass in an earlier experiment, and a more rapid decrease in response at higher rates. S. 37 cocksfoot had a similar dry-matter yield response to the ryegrasses at the low nitrogen rates, but the response decreased more rapidly at nitrogen rates over 250 kg/ha. The dry-matter yield response of S. 53 fescue decreased even more rapidly with nitrogen rates over 200 kg/ha. The mean estimates of the optimal nitrogen rate for each of the four grasses, i.e. the nitrogen rate at which the dry-matter response had decreased to 10 kg/kg N, was 380, 372, 357 and 327 kg N/ha for S. 24, Barvestra, S. 37 and S. 53 respectively, compared with 409 kg/ha for S. 23 ryegrass in the earlier experiment.

Growth and chemical composition of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis). 1. Dry matter yield and nitrogen content in response to superphosphate

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
NH Shaw ◽  
CT Gates ◽  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Minor

In a field experiment on a solodic soil, applications of superphosphate, in the presence of molybdenum, increased the dry matter yield of S. humilis H.B.K. from 2,450 to 5,800 lb an acre, and increased the relative nitrogen content from 2.36 to 3.28 per cent. When this result was examined under more closely controlled conditions in a pot experiment, using the constituent elements of molybdenized superphosphate, it was found that the combination of phosphorus and sulphur produced the greatest dry weight and nitrogen responses. Nevertheless, substantial increases in dry weight of plant tops were obtained with added phosphorus in the absence of sulphur, although the relative nitrogen content of this dry matter was low unless sulphur was also present. There was a small response to molybdenum in this experiment, but calcium played only a minor role. In the pot experiment three replicates were placed in a glasshouse, and one under a light bank in a growth room. Plants grew faster and gave higher dry matter and nitrogen yields under the light bank than in the glasshouse. Attention is drawn to the adaptability that S. humilis displays to a wide range of nutritional conditions, and it is suggested that both the yield and nitrogen content of this legume are probably being limited by nutrient deficiency in most areas of northern Australia where it is being grown.

Effects of superphosphate application and cutting interval on native pastures in the Clarence Valley, New South Wales

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Garden ◽  
DR Brooks ◽  
J Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
New South ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Cutting Interval ◽  
Native Pastures

The effects of superphosphate rate (nil; 250 kg ha-l initial with 125 kg ha-1 maintenance; and 500 kg ha-1 initial with 250 kg ha-1 maintenance) and cutting interval (2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks) on dry matter yield, growth rate, botanical composition and chemical composition of native pastures on a sandstone soil in the Clarence Valley, New South Wales were studied over a period of three years. Mean annual dry matter yield of unfertilized native pasture was 990 kg ha-l and this was increased to 1322 kg ha-1 at the higher rate of superphosphate. Dry matter yield was depressed from 1587 to 647 kg ha-1 by decreasing cutting interval from 8 weeks to 2 weeks. Pasture growth was limited to the September to May period and 87 per cent of the total annual production occurred in summer and autumn. Maximum growth occurred in the February/March period, with 16.2 kg ha-1 day-1 being the maximum recorded for the unfertilized pasture and 19.9 kg ha-1 day-1 for pasture at the higher rate of superphosphate. Changes in botanical composition were neither large nor consistent. Phosphorus content of the native pasture averaged 0.12 per cent. Crude protein content averaged 7.4 per cent, with levels in standing herbage in winter-spring falling to 3 per cent. Phosphorus yield was 1.1 kg ha-1 year-1 and crude protein yield was 65.8 kg ha-1 year-1. Superphosphate increased phosphorus content and yield, and crude protein yield. Increasing cutting interval decreased phosphorus and crude protein contents but increased phosphorus and crude protein yields by its effect on dry matter yield. Maximum yields obtained were 3.3 kg ha-1 year-1 phosphorus and 100 kg ha-1 year-1 crude protein. It was concluded that the increases obtained would be insufficient to produce worthwhile improvements in animal production, and that an increase in the legume content of these pastures is required before this could occur.

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