THE EFFECT OF FOURTEEN ROOT EXTRACTS UPON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING LENGTH OF FIFTEEN PLANT SPECIES

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence ◽  
M. R. Kilcher
Keyword(s):  
Wild Barley ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Canary Grass

Root extract solutions of crested wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, intermediate wheatgrass, couch grass, bromegrass, Altai wild ryegrass, wild barley, poverty weed, alfalfa, sweet clover, reed canary grass, timothy, sorghum grass, and dandelion on quartz sand were used as germinating and growing media for seeds of 12 of these species as well as for wheat, oats, and barley.Root extracts from Russian wild ryegrass, crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, brome, timothy, reed canary, and wild barley had little or no effect on the germination of the seed of most species. Those from Russian wild ryegrass and brome had little effect on seedling length. On the other hand, extracts made from the roots of alfalfa, dandelion, sorghum grass, sweet clover, poverty weed, and couch grass showed the greatest inhibitory effects on both the germination and seedling growth.

NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FORAGE CROPS ADAPTED TO SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN AS DETERMINED BY THEIR DIGESTIBILITY AND DRY MATTER INTAKE WHEN FED TO SHEEP

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Troelsen ◽  
J. B. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Canary Grass

Hays from stands top-dressed with 150 pounds of ammonium nitrate (33.5 per cent nitrogen) per acre and unfertilized stands of crested wheat-grass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., intermediate wheatgrass, A. intermedium (Host.) Beauv., streambank wheatgrass, A. riparium Scribn. and Smith, and Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., as well as hay from unfertilized stands of tall wheatgrass, A. elongatum (Host.) B. P., reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea L., and Ladak alfalfa, Medicago media Pers., were fed to 70-pound wethers in digestion stalls in a randomized incomplete-block experiment.Chemical analyses of the hays indicated differences in percentage organic matter, crude protein, and nitrogen-free extract, while feed-feces ratios showed differences in the percentage digestibility of crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, and crude fibre. Despite these results no differences were established in nutritive values as estimated by digestible dry matter, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy or starch equivalents.Calculations demonstrated that the nutrient intake of crested wheatgrass, streambank wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, and Ladak alfalfa were sufficient to provide at least a maintenance ration, but that the voluntary nutrient intake of intermediate wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, and reed canary grass did not do so.Top-dressing did not increase the digestibility nor the apparent palatability of any feed; apparently consumption was determined by species characteristics rather than fertilizer treatment.

GERMINATION RESPONSE OF FORAGE GRASSES TO CONSTANT AND ALTERNATING TEMPERATURES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. McELGUNN
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Drastic Effect ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Good Stand

Daily germination counts were made on 11 forage grass species germinated at four constant and four alternating regimes for 20 days. The 2C/12h/13C/12h regime had a drastic effect on mean total germination. Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.), Russian wild ryegrass (E. junceus Fisch.), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) reacted strongly to this regime. The alternating temperature regimes generally initiated germination more rapidly than the comparable constant regimes; however, after day 6 the comparable alternating and constant regimes had similar rates of germination. The rates of germination differed between some species with intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv.) germinating the most rapidly and Altai wild ryegrass the most slowly. The data indicate that low alternating seedbed temperatures can reduce total germination to an unsatisfactory level for good stand establishment. The low temperature of seedbeds can also delay germination rate so that the earlier plantings do not emerge as soon as later plantings in warmer soil.

Bare soil and reed canary grass ecosystem respiration in peat extraction sites in Eastern Finland

Tellus B ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Shurpali ◽  
N. P. Hyvönen ◽  
J. T. Huttunen ◽  
C. Biasi ◽  
H. Nykänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Peat Extraction ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Eastern Finland

The effects of a permanently elevated water table in an acid sulphate soil on reed canary grass for combustion

2013 ◽  
Vol 375 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenedy E. Epie ◽  
Seija Virtanen ◽  
Arja Santanen ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
Frederick L. Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Elevated Water Table ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Elevated Water

scholarly journals Assessment and Characterization of Reed Canary Grass Plantations for Energy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blas Mola ◽  
Xiaoqian Xu ◽  
Oskar Englund ◽  
Ioannis Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Policy Incentives

Research Highlights: (1) Reed canary grass (RCG) is analysed in Sweden compared to willow and poplar for 2001-2020 (2) Each crop presents a different land-use and climatic profile (3) Average yield records of reed canary grass are similar to willow and poplar (4) There are divergences between trial-based and commercial yields (5) Existing LUC patterns suggest meadow>RCG and RCG>cereal (6) RCG land area is very sensitive to policy incentives. Background and objectives: RCG is an alternative crop for biomass-to-energy due to high yield and frost tolerance. We assess the cultivation in Sweden by using an extensive compilation of data, with emphasis on the extension of the cultivation, areas planted, climatic profile, land use patterns and yield levels. Material and methods: All RCG plantations are analysed for 2001-2020. A geostatistical analysis is performed to characterize where is cultivated and the land uses associated. Climatic, productivity and yield profiles are compared to willow and poplar plantations, from experiments and from commercial plantations. Results: The results show that the cultivation of reed canary grass expanded after 2005, with a maximum of 800 ha in 2009 to then decrease to the current levels of about 550 ha. It is mainly grown in colder climatic areas, with lower agricultural productivity than willow and poplar. Mean yields from trials are 6 odt ha-1 yr-1; commercial yields are 3.5 odt ha-1 yr-1. RCG replace meadow land and is replaced by cereals, when abandoned. Conclusions: Reed canary grass is an interesting alternative, growing on colder areas but on similar yield levels than other energy crops. The cultivation is more sensitive to policy incentives

scholarly journals Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SAIJONKARI-PAHKALA
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Canary Grass

This study was begun in 1990 when there was a marked shortage of short fibre raw material for the pulp industry. During the last ten years the situation has changed little, and the shortage is still apparent. It was estimated that 0.5 to 1 million hectares of arable land would be set aside from cultivation in Finland during this period. An alternative to using hardwoods in printing papers is non-wood fibres from herbaceous field crops. The study aimed at determining the feasibility of using non-wood plants as raw material for the pulp and paper industry, and developing crop management methods for the selected species. The properties considered important for a fibre crop were high yielding ability, high pulping quality and good adaptation to the prevailing climatic conditions and possibilities for low cost production. A strategy and a process to identify, select and introduce a crop for domestic short fibre production is described in this thesis. The experimental part of the study consisted of screening plant species by analysing fibre and mineral content, evaluating crop management methods and varieties, resulting in description of an appropriate cropping system for large-scale fibre plant production. Of the 17 herbaceous plant species studied, monocotyledons were most suitable for pulping. They were productive and well adapted to Finnish climatic conditions. Of the monocots, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were the most promising. These were chosen for further studies and were included in field experiments to determine the most suitable harvesting system and fertilizer application procedures for biomass production. Reed canary grass was favoured by delayed harvesting in spring when the moisture content of the crop stand was 10-15% of DM before production of new tillers. When sown in early spring, reed canary grass typically yielded 7-8 t ha-1 within three years on clay soil. The yield exceeded 10 t ha-1 on organic soil after the second harvest year. Spring harvesting was not suitable for tall fescue and resulted in only 37-54% of dry matter yields and in far fewer stems and panicles than harvested during the growing season. The economic optimum for fertilizer application rate for reed canary grass ranged from 50 to 100 kg N ha-1 when grown on clay soil and harvested in spring. On organic soil the fertilizer rates needed were lower. If tall fescue is used for raw material for paper, fertilizer application rates higher than 100 kg N ha-1 were not of any additional benefit. It was possible to decrease the mineral content of raw material by harvesting in spring, using moderate fertilizer application rates, removing leaf blades from the raw material and growing the crop on organic soil. The fibre content of the raw material increased the later the crop was harvested, being highest in spring. Removing leaf blades and using minimum fertilizer application rates in-creased the fibre content of biomass.;

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Azadirachta indica L. on the germination of Abelmoschus esculentus L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vaithiyanathan ◽  
M. Soundari ◽  
M. Rajesh ◽  
K. Sankar Ganesh ◽  
P. Sundaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts

The chemical compounds have been reported to be exuded by plants and their inhibitory effects of other plants. The research work was carried out to study the allelopathic effect of root, bark and leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica L. on the seed germination of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Germination studies were conducted in laboratory, the bhendi seeds treated with the root, bark and leaf extracts of Neem. On the seventh day the morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigment and biochemical contents were analysed. The result showed that the rate of germination of bhendi decreased in all Azadirachta indica L. extracts. The reduction in biochemical contents of bhendi was also noted. The highest rate of germination was observed in control (distilled water) treatment and the highest rate of inhibition was observed in root extract followed by bark and leaf extracts.

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