THE INHERITANCE OF MATURITY IN MAIZE

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Plant Basis

Days from seeding to silking and days from seeding to pollen shedding were used as measures of maturity on the parents, their F1, F2 and the back-crosses of the F1 to both parents of the cross Mt42 × WF9. Readings were taken on an individual plant basis. Results indicated the existence of partial phenotypic dominance for earliness. Heritability estimates were very low, probably due to the lack of agreement between the hereditary behaviour of the two characters and the basic assumptions of the formula used. A genetic analysis by the partitioning method of the two characters, days to silking and days to pollen shedding, indicated that Mt42 and WF9 differed by four effective factors and that all of the factors for increased earliness were located in the Mt42 line. A genetic model was constructed which appeared to satisfy the data for both characters.

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS IN TWO INBRED STRAINS OF MICE

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. ELEFTHERIOU ◽  
D. W. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Epistatic Interaction ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Strains ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

SUMMARY Plasma corticosterone levels were determined fluorometrically in mice of two unrelated highly inbred strains, C57BL/6By and BALB/cBy, and in seven of their derived recombinant-inbred strains as well as their F1 hybrid and backcross generations necessary to arrive at a genetic model for plasma corticosterone levels. It was concluded that the simplest genetic model, and one which fits the experimental results, was one which assumed that plasma corticosterone levels are controlled genetically by two loci with the epistatic interaction indicating dependency of pathways of action for the two genes.

scholarly journals Epistatic gene control on the yield of tomato at medium elevation in the tropical agroecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
FAJAR PRAKOSO MAWASID ◽  
MUHAMAD SYUKUR ◽  
TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Tropical Agroecosystem ◽  
Duplicate Epistasis ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Abstract. Mawasid FP, Syukur M, Trikoesoemaningtyas. 2019. Epistatic gene control on the yield of tomato at medium elevation in the tropical agroecosystem. Biodiversitas 20: 1880-1886. Cultivation of tomatoes on the middle-low plain generally decreases the quantity and quality of the yield due to high-temperature stress. Increasing the size and weight of lowland tomatoes is needed to enhance national production. Information on the action and genetic model of target characters is needed in the preparation of the assembly program, especially for selection needs. This study aims to obtain genetic information and heritability of tomato yield characters, as a basis for assembling large tomato varieties for the lowlands. The study was conducted using six populations (P1, P2, F1, BCP1, BCP2, and F2) resulting from two different crosses of 99D x Tora (C-I) and 97D x Tora (C-II). The results show that the action of non-additive genes and non-allelic interactions has a large value, with duplicate epistasis being more dominant than complementary epistasis. Duplicate epistasis was found in the character of harvest time, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight in cross I and flowering time, harvest time, fruit length, fruit diameter, and number of fruits in cross II, while complementary epistasis was found in flowering time, fruit weight per plant, number of fruits in cross I, and fruit weight, fruit weight per plant in cross II. Moderate to high heritability was found in the character of fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, and fruit weight per plant. The values are higher in population from the cross I (99D x Tora) for each character, indicating that the cross I has a higher potential for genetic progress than cross II. Selection is recommended when the homozygosity has increased, using the Bulk method or Single Seed Decent. The two methods above can maintain variability in the next generation, so epistasis genes that control target characters are not drastically eliminated.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis for panicle characters in diallel cross of rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
KM Iftekharuddaula ◽  
MA Newaz ◽  
MA Salam ◽  
Khaleda Akter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Primary Branch ◽  
Secondary Branch ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Dominant Genes

An experiment was carried out to study the genetic components for eight panicle characters in rice using an 8-parent half diallel cross excluding reciprocals during Transplant Aman season, 2003. The parental genotypes used in the study were BRRI dhan29, BR4828-54-4-l-4-9, BRR1 dhan28, 1R8, Amol3, 1R65610-38-2-4-2-6-3, Minikit and ZhongYu7, which were chosen for their diversity in panicle characters. Hayman's analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components for all the panicle characters except dominance component for filled grains/secondary branches. The ANOVA showed unidirectional dominance for the characters viz, primary branch length, secondary branch length, primary branches/panicle, secondary branches/panicle and filled grains/primary branch, asymmetrical gene distribution for all the panicle traits except filled grains/secondary branch and residual dominance effects for all the panicle characters studied. Two out of eight panicle characters viz., primary branches/panicle and unfilled grains/ secondary branch followed the simple additive-dominance genetic model. The rest of the panicle characters showed nonallelic gene interaction or epistasis. According to Vr-Wr graph, partial dominance was involved in the action of genes governing the inheritance of primary branches/panicle, while complete dominance was involved in the inheritance of unfilled grains/secondary branch. Most of the dominant genes for primary branches/panicle belonged to other hand, 1R8 possessed most of the dominant genes, while 1R65610-38-2-4-2-6-3 possessed most of the recessive genes for unfilled grains/secondary branch. The estimates of components of variance demonstrated involvement of both additive and dominant components in the inheritance of primary branches/panicle and unfilled grains/secondary branch. The distribution of dominant and recessive genes was unequal in the parents for these two characters also. There was drastic influence of environment on these two panicle characters following simple additive-dominance genetic model. Heritability in narrow sense (h2 ns) was very high for primary branches/panicle and unfilled grains/secondary branch. Key Words: Genetic analysis, diallel cross, panicle characters, rice. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2307 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 631-638, December 2008

Genetic Analysis of Corn Kernel Chemical Composition in the Random Mated 7 Generation of the Cross of Generations 70 of IHP × ILP

Crop Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Dudley ◽  
Darryl Clark ◽  
Torbert R. Rocheford ◽  
John R. LeDeaux
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Corn Kernel ◽  
The Cross

An autotetraploid model for genetic analysis of ozone tolerance in potato, Solanum tuberosum L.

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dragoescu ◽  
R. R. Hill Jr. ◽  
E. J. Pell
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Sums Of Squares ◽  
Ozone Tolerance ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Nonadditive Effects

A genetic model for the analysis of descendants of two autotetraploid parents was developed and applied to genetic analysis of ozone tolerance in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The model was developed for two alleles with chromosome segregation at a single locus and contained 13 parameters. Assumptions about the genotype of the parents were not required. A multiple regression approach was used to derive sums of squares associated with the different parameters. Additive genetic effects for ozone resistance were more important than nonadditive genetic effects in the descendants of two sets of crosses. Deviations from the genetic model were not significant in either cross. Digenic effects and parameters associated with a disequilibrium constant were the only other significant effects, but sums of squares owing to these effects were much smaller than those for additive effects. Generation means derived from the crosses indicated that part of the nonadditive effects may have been caused by inbreeding depression. An alternative model with only additive genetic effects and a parameter with the coefficient of inbreeding as the coefficient was evaluated. The alternative model did not fit the observed data as well as the original model. Key words: ozone tolerance, potato, Solanum.

scholarly journals Variance Component Analysis of Parthenocarpic Character in a Processing Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) population

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 881A-881
Author(s):  
Zhanyong Sun* ◽  
Richard L. Lower ◽  
Jack E. Staub
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Variance Component ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Dominance Genetic Variance ◽  
Plant Basis

The incorporation of genes for parthenocarpy (production of fruit without fertilization) has potential for increasing yield in pickling cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The inheritance of parthenocarpy in cucumber is not well understood, and thus a genetic analysis was performed on F3 cross-progeny resulting from a mating between the processing cucumber inbred line 2A (P1, gynoecious, parthenocarpic, indeterminate, normal leaf) and Gy8 (P2, gynoecious, non-parthenocarpic, indeterminate, normal leaf). A variance component analysis was performed to fruit yield data collected at two locations (designated E-block and G-block) at Hancock, WI in 2000. The relative importance of additive genetic variance compared to dominance genetic variance changed across environments. The additive genetic variance was 0.5 and 4.3 times of dominance genetic variance in E-block and G-block, respectively. The estimated environmental variance accounted for ≈90% of the total phenotypic variance on an individual plant basis in both locations. Narrow-sense heritability estimated on an individual plant basis ranged from 0.04 (E-block) to 0.12 (G-block). Broad-sense heritability estimated on an individual plant basis ranged from 0.12 (E-block) to 0.15 (G-block). The minimum number of effective factors controlling parthenocarpy was estimated to range between 5 (G-block) to 13 (E-block). These results suggest that the response to direct selection of individual plants for improving parthenocarpy character will likely be slow and difficult. Experiment procedures that minimize the effect of environment on the expression of parthenocarpy will likely maximize the likelihood of gain from selection.

scholarly journals Genetic Variance Component and Heritability Estimates of Freedom from Weevil Injury to Sweetpotato

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Thompson ◽  
John C. Schneider ◽  
Boyett Graves
Keyword(s):  
Variance Component ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Narrow-sense heritability for component traits of freedom from weevil injury and yield of sweetpotato were estimated by parent-offspring regression and variance component analysis. Heritability estimates by variance component analysis based on half-sib families for percent and number of uninjured roots were 0.25 and 0.83, respectively. Individual plant heritability estimates for uninjured root percent and number were 0.03 and 0.13, respectively. Heritability estimates by parent-offspring regression for uninjured root percent and number were 0.35 and 0.52, respectively. Genetic variance was mostly additive for all traits except stem diameter. Genetic correlations between total root number, uninjured root number, and percent uninjured roots ranged from 0.66 to 0.87, indicating that selection for uninjured root number should most effectively increase uninjured root number and percent, as well as total root numbers. Predicted gains in uninjured root percent and number were 8.8% and 0.87 in the progeny derived from intermating the highest four out of 19 families for uninjured root number. The 0.87 gain in uninjured root number equals a 24% increase in one breeding cycle.

scholarly journals Physiological and genetic analysis of tomato from two cultivars differing in potassium deficiency resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Honghui Zhang ◽  
Tianlai Li ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Optimum Model ◽  
Candidate Regions ◽  
Low K

Potassium (K) is one of the essential nutrients for tomato. Potassium deficiency will limit tomato growth and yield. So improving the low-K+ (LK) resistance of tomato seems important. Two tomato cultivars (JZ18 and JZ34) differing in LK resistance were obtained to analyze the plant demonstration difference under LK treatment. According to the results, JZ34 showed lower accumulation of ROS, less membrane damage and higher antioxidant enzyme activity after LK treatment. Besides, JZ34 also keeps higher K+/Na+ content, higher Ca2+ and Mg2+ content than JZ18 in both shoots and roots. Our genetic analysis revealed that the two additive-dominance-epistasis major genes plus additive-dominance polygene genetic model (E-1) was the optimum model associated with LK resistance based on root trait. The major QTL intervals were finally obtained by the bulked segregant sequencing (BSA-seq) analysis, which were 2.38 Mb at the end of chromosome 4 and 1.38 Mb at the chromosome 6. This is consistent with the analysis of the genetic model. A total of 8 genes were selected in the two candidate regions, which exhibited close related to ion and antioxidant signaling. These findings provided the inheritance pattern and foundation for further molecular mechanisms study of tomato LK resistance.

scholarly journals Maternal genetic effects on body weight and breast morphological traits in duck population under selection

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-608
Author(s):  
T. Szwaczkowski ◽  
M. Grzech ◽  
A. Borowska ◽  
E. Wencek ◽  
A. Wolc
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Additive Genetic Model ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Crest Length

Abstract. Direct and maternal additive genetic and mitochondrial variances of duck meat performance traits were estimated using AI-REML algorithm. Records of 3 099 (5 010 pedigreed birds) from six consecutive generations were included. The following four traits were investigated: body weight at 3rd week, body weight at 7th week, sternum crest length at 7th week (in cm), and breast muscles thickness at 7th week (in cm). The data were analysed via three single trait linear animal models: I – additive genetic model, II – model extended to additive maternal effects; III– as model II with mitochondrial effects as random. Adequacy of the models was examined by Akaike´s information criterion (AIC). Relatively high direct additive heritability estimates were obtained for body weight at 3rd week (0.4326–0.4546) and body weight at 7th week (0.5322–0.6088) whereas lower estimates were obtained for sternum crest length (0.1756–0.2744) and breast muscles thickness (0.1369–0.2932). The maternal heritabilities were moderate and also considerably depended on the model used. For all of the studied traits a negative covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects was found. Mitochondrial heritabilities were very low. Generally, on the basis of criteria employed, the model III can be suggested for analysis of body weight whereas for other traits model II seems to be suitable.

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