THE PRECISION OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH VEGETABLE CROPS AS INFLUENCED BY PLOT AND BLOCK SIZE AND SHAPE.: II. CANNING PEAS

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
I. L. Nonnecke
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Block Sizes ◽  
Uniform Reduction

In 1957, vine and shelled pea weights of canning peas from an irrigated uniformity trial were recorded to determine the effect on yield variability of varying plot and block sizes and shapes. The most uniform reduction in variation occurred in block shapes of one plot long and six plots wide with each increase in plot length. These results agree with those of other workers, that long, narrow blocks are more efficient than square blocks. The optimum plot size was found to be 5 feet long and 10 feet wide. Considerably more shelled peas were required for processing than could be obtained from the optimum size of plot for yield.

THE PRECISION OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH VEGETABLE CROPS AS INFLUENCED BY PLOT AND BLOCK SIZE AND SHAPE: I. SWEET CORN

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Nonnecke
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Variation Method ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Block Sizes

In 1956 weights of marketable ears of hybrid sweet corn from three irrigated uniformity trials were recorded to determine the effect of varying plot and block sizes and shapes on yield variability. The coefficients of variation decreased with increased plot size. For block shapes of 1 × 6 plots (1 plot long and 6 plots wide) and block shapes of 3 × 2 plots (3 plots long and 2 plots wide) widening the plots was more effective in reducing variation than lengthening them. However, for block shapes of 6 × 1 plots and block shapes of 2 × 3 plots lengthening the plots was most effective. Estimates of cost were obtained showing the percentage of the total cost that was proportional to the number of plots used and the percentage that was proportional to the total area used per treatment. Optimum plot size for yield and quality studies was found to be one of two basic units (10 ft. by 6 ft., or 20 ft. by 3 ft.) depending upon cost assumed and the value of the regression coefficient. Smith's method for determining optimum size of plot agreed with the coefficients of variation method as to optimum size of plot.

PRECISION OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH VEGETABLE CROPS AS INFLUENCED BY PLOT SIZE AND SHAPE: III. POTATOES

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Nonnecke ◽  
K. W. Smillie
Keyword(s):  
Digital Computer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Computer Calculation ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size

Uniformity trial data together with certain cost assumptions for potatoes indicate that long narrow plots are the most efficient. The basic unit was 4 ft long and 3 ft wide. A minimum of two basic units would be necessary for most potato studies with a maximum of six basic units depending upon the requirements for each experiment. Thus the optimum plot size could range from 3 ft wide and 8 to 18 ft long. Where smaller size becomes optimum more replications are required. Long narrow replicates likewise appear to be more efficient than either wide or square ones.The logical analysis and a generalized flow diagram for digital computer calculation of these data are presented.

Optimizing plot size and shape for field experiments on terraces

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poultney ◽  
J. Riley ◽  
R. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Residual Variances

Two methods, namely combined plot analysis and integration of variograms, have been applied to investigate and compare plot-to-plot yields of intercropped millet (mean yield of about 1.9 t ha−1) and maize (mean yield 4.25 t ha−1) on terraces in Nepal. Combining plots diminishing the residual variance of millet from 0.52 (t/ha)2 of the original 1 m×1 m units to 0.08 (t/ha)2 for 4 m×4 m plots, the largest for which reliable estimates could be derived. The residual variance of maize declined from 4.91 (t/ha)2 of the original units to 0.61 (t/ha)2 for 4 m×4 m plots. Orientation was immaterial. The variogram for millet was isotropic and bounded with a range of approximately 4 m. Within-plot variance calculated from the variogram increased, and experimental error decreased, as the size of plots increased to this value, beyond which there was little gain. The variogram for maize was unbounded, and so gave no ‘natural' upper limit for plot size, that is, over the range studied, up to 6 m×6 m. It was also anisotropic with larger gradient in the direction from front to back of the terrace than along the contour. The reduction in residual variance was greatest for narrow plots elongated in this direction. Formulae are provided from which to calculate from the variogram approximate residual variances for experiments of given area and size, shape, and orientation of plots. Its application gave similar results to those from the combined plot analysis. Overall, the results from the two methods were consistent.

scholarly journals OPTIMUM PLOT SIZE AND NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS IN PAPAYA FIELD EXPERIMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
EDILSON ROMAIS SCHMILDT ◽  
OMAR SCHMILDT ◽  
COSME DAMIÃO CRUZ ◽  
LAERCIO FRANCISCO CATTANEO ◽  
GERALDO ANTÔNIO FERREGUETTI
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Planting Season

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate the optimum plot size and number of replications in papaya field experiments. Eleven variables were evaluated in four cultivars of papaya with planting in different seasons between 2011 and 2013 in the north of the Espírito Santo state. Analysis were made from blank test applied to 240 selected for planting season and cultivate plants in commercial fields. The determination of optimum plot size was performed by applying the methodologies of modified maximum curvature and maximum curvature of coefficient of variation. The determination of the number of repetitions was taken from the least significant difference in average 20% and 30%. The optimum plot size proved the same by the two methods studied for most evaluations. The optimum size required differs among cultivars, between variables and between planting seasons, with the largest number of plants was required for the variables number of fruits per plant and yield per plant. We conclude that the optimal number of papaya plants planted in the field is six plants per plot using three replications.

An investigation of two-dimensional yield variability in breeders' small plot barley trials

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy L. Robinson ◽  
C. D. Kershaw ◽  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Alternative Designs

SummaryThis paper describes an investigation into yield variability and spatial correlations in 129 spring barley trials using small plots between 2·4 and 6·0 m2 in area. We report on the efficiencies of the generalized lattice designs used, and discuss the effects of plot size and year-to-year variations. Results indicate that the recommendations of Patterson & Hunter (1983) on choice of block size apply equally well to small-plot trials. The observed variability and correlations are then discussed and so is the potential for improvement by using alternative designs. Patterns of variability were not at all consistent from year to year, or even between trials in the same year, but it appears important to take account of column effects as well as row effects.

Size and Shape of Plots for Estimating Yield Losses from Cereal Foliage Diseases

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. James ◽  
C. S. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Uniformity Trials

SUMMARYData from uniformity trials on healthy and diseased wheat and oat crops showed that the coefficient of variation for yield decreased as plot size increased and became nearer to square in shape. Infection with Septoria leaf blotch of oats and powdery mildew of wheat did not appear to affect yield variability. Plots larger than rod row size (where 16 ft of the centre row of 3 rows is harvested) are recommended to detect differences of 10 per cent in yield between two treatments.

Influence of Size and Shape of Plots on the Precision of Field Experiments with Potatoes

1932 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Justesen
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
The Mean

1. A uniformity trial with potatoes was used for investigating the effect of size and shape of plots on the precision of field experiments. Up to a certain limit the S.D. in per cent. of the mean decreases when the size of plots is increased; further increase of plot size increases the errors as a lesser part of the soil variation can be removed.2. Two-row plots show less variation than either 1 or 3-row plots. This may be explained by row competition.3. When the area to be used is fixed, smaller plots are more efficient than larger, owing to the greater number of replications in the former case. One exception occurs in the case where border rows are not harvested; here 4-row plots are more efficient than 3-row plots, owing to the fact that a larger part of the soil is included in the calculations when 4-row plots are used.4. Long and narrow plots are more efficient than shorter and wider of the same size. The only exception is again explained by row competition.5. In field experiments with potatoes fairly large plots should be used; at least 2 rows wide and preferably long and narrow strips.

Non-sward densities for the assessment of yield in Italian ryegrass: II. Convenient plot and block size and shape

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. England
Keyword(s):  
Block Size ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uniformity Trials

SUMMARYTwo uniformity trials were carried out, one using S. 22 and the other Irish Italian ryegrass. In both trials the plants were grown at 6 in spacing and were harvested in basic units of 1 yd. If no allowance was made for guard rows the smallest plots were the most efficient in that they required a smaller total area of ground and fewer plants to detect a specified difference. For comparative purposes, the size of trial required to detect a difference of 7% of the mean was used. Allowing for 1 guard row round each plot, 2 yd plots were as efficient as those of 1 yd and had the advantage of requiring fewer replications. The effects of plot and block shape were considerable. In general long narrow plots in short wide blocks were more efficient. The choice of plot and block shape is most important. For a given plot size a poor shape may be less than half as efficient as a good one.

Establishment theoretical of recommendation fertilization guide of vegetable crops in Algeria: concept and validation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 606-620
Author(s):  
Mahtali Sbih ◽  
Zoubeir BENSID ◽  
Zohra BOUNOUARA ◽  
Fouad DJAIZ ◽  
Youcef FERRAG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Continuous Models ◽  
Poor Soil

The goal of fertilization is to meet the nutritional needs of plants by completing the supply of soil nutrients in an economically profitable and environmentally friendly. Achieving on-farm optimum economic crop yields of marketable quality with minimum adverse environmental impact requires close attention to fertilization guide. The recommendations seek to do this by ensuring that the available supply of plant nutrients in soil is judiciously supplemented by additions of nutrients in fertilizers. The objective is that crops must have an adequate supply of nutrients, and many crops show large and very profitable increases in yield from the correct use of fertilizers to supply nutrients. The main objective of this work is to establishing a reference guide of fertilization of vegetable crops and cereal in Algeria. To meet this objective, we have processes in two steps: 1) Establishment of theoretical fertilizer recommendation from international guide of crop fertilization; 2) Validation of these developed theoretical fertilizer recommendation by trials in the fields. Sixteen fertilization guides of vegetable crops from the Canadian provinces (5 guides), USA (10 guides) and countries of northern Europe England (1 guide). Generally, the rating of these recommendation is ranging from poor soil to soil exceedingly rich; however, the numbers of fertility classes are very different. Indeed, Quebec Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin New England, Maryland and Kentucky and Florida guides are subdivided into 5 fertility classes, ranging from poor soil to soil exceedingly rich. The recommendation of New Brunswick and Manitoba contain six classes. The recommendation of Michigan, Nova Scotia and England contain 10 and 7 fertility classes respectively. The recommendation fertilizer of New York and New Jersey have 3classes. Unlike the systems of fertilization recommendation mentioned above, the recommendation fertilizer of Pennsylvania is based on continuous models of P, K and contains 34 classes for P and 22 classes K. Then we standardized the P soil analysis with conversion equations (Olsen method) and units of measurement (kg/ha, mg/kg…).Following this procedure we transformed discontinued systems of fertility classes in to continuous models to facilitate comparison between the different fertilization recommendation models in one hand, in other hand to obtain critical value (CV).Finally, we used statistics of the conditional expectation in order to generate the theoretical recommendation fertilization guide of fertilization with 7 fertility classes (VL, L, M, MH, OP, H and VH). The next step was calibrating soil tests against yield responses to applied nutrient in field experiments. A database (not published data) from agriculture and agri-food Canada, were used. Production of pumpkin responded positively and significantly to P or K soil fertility levels, increases being observed with P more often than with K. According to the Cate-Nelson methods, the critical value of Olsen-P in the top 20 cm of soil was about 25 mg/kg: at values of greater than or equal to 25 mg/kg, crops achieved about 80% of their maximal yield in the absence of fertilizer application. The CV of K in soil for this crop was about 140 mg/kg. The CV found was very close to this generated by the theoretical method for recommendation of fertilization guide. Finally, we used the procedure of Cope and Rouse in both sides of the CV in order to make subdivisions of different groups of soil fertility. One calibrates the soil-test value against yield response to tile nutrient to predict fertilizer requirement.

Field Plot Technique Studies with Flue‐Cured Tobacco. I. Optimum Plot Size and Shape 1

1963 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian W. Crews ◽  
Guy L. Jones ◽  
D. D. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Field Plot ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Field Plot Technique
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