PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ASPECTS RELATED TO MEALINESS IN THE POTATO

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Unrau ◽  
R. E. Nylund
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Extensive Investigation ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical

An investigation was undertaken to determine chemical and physical properties of potatoes which would explain the non-correlation of specific gravity with mealiness which has been encountered in some cases. It was shown that mealiness is not necessarily positively correlated with specific gravity of tubers but it was possible to correlate mealiness as determined by organoleptic methods with such factors as resistance to shear of boiled tubers and viscosity of suspensions of lyophilized tissue as measured by a Brabender Amylograph. Dry matter, starch content and amylose content were positively, sugar content negatively, correlated with mealiness. Crude protein content and starch granule size did not appear to be associated with mealiness. A negative correlation between polysaccharide content and mealiness was evident. The nature of the non-starch polysaccharide apparently present in the potato tuber and the molecular structure of the two starch components, amylose and amylopectin, deserve more extensive investigation.

scholarly journals Quality Attributes of Malaysia Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato at Different Peel Condition

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Nurfarhana Shaari ◽  
Rosnah Shamsudin ◽  
Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor ◽  
Norhashila Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In this study, physical and chemical properties (dry matter, ash, moisture, protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrate, starch, amylose, and vitamin C) of sweet potato tuber and flour of Anggun 1 cultivar were evaluated at different conditions. During peeling, the tuber and flour were processed subjected to three different conditions, which were unpeeled tubers (C1), peeled tubers (C2), and skin of tuber only (C3). From the results, the highest (p < 0.05) dry matter was observed in C1 while higher contents of ash, moisture, and protein were found in C3. Regarding the fat and vitamin C content, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between each condition. The highest fiber, carbohydrate, and amylose content (p < 0.05) were found in C1. The C1 and C2 reflected significantly higher (p < 0.05) starch content. Overall, these results provide important information about the peeling effect on the physical and chemical properties of Anggun 1. The information could be used as adding value to healthy food in the Malaysian diet due to the nutritional value of sweet potato.

scholarly journals Evaluation of size distribution of starch granules in selected wheat varieties by the Low Angle Laser Light Scattering method

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Capouchová ◽  
J. Petr ◽  
D. Marešová
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Laser Light Scattering ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Intensity Of Cultivation ◽  
Total Starch

&nbsp; &nbsp; The distribution of the size of wheat starch granules using the method LALLS (Low Angle Laser Light Scattering), followed by the evaluation of the effect of variety, experimental site and intensity of cultivation on the vol. % of the starch A (starch granules &gt; 10 &mu;m) was determined. The total starch content and crude protein content in dry matter of flour T530 in selected collection of five winter wheat varieties were determined. Vol. % of the starch A in evaluated collection of wheat varieties varied between 65.31 and 72.34%. The effect of a variety on the vol. % of starch A seemed to be more marked than the effect of site and intensity of cultivation. The highest vol. % of starch A reached evaluated varieties from the quality group C, i.e. varieties unsuitable for baking utilisation (except variety Contra with high total content of starch in dry matter of flour T530, but relatively low vol. % of starch A). A low vol. % of starch A was also found in the variety Hana (very good variety for baking utilisation). Certain variety differences followed from the evaluation of distribution of starch fractions of starch granules, forming starch A. In the case of varieties Hana, Contra and Siria higher representation of fractions up to 30 &mu;m was recorded, while starch A in the varieties Estica andVersailleswas formed in higher degree by size fractions of starch granules over 30 &mu;m and particularly size fraction &gt; 50 &mu;m was greatest in these varieties of all evaluated samples. With increasing total starch content in dry matter of flour T530 the crude protein content decreased; the vol. % of starch A not always increased proportionally with increasing total starch content.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN KIMIA PATI GANYONG DAN GADUNG TERMODIFIKASI METODE IKATAN SILANG Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst Modified Starch with Cross Linking Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Filli Pratama ◽  
Basuni Hamzah ◽  
Rindit Pambayun
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The research aimed to know physical and chemical characteristics of Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst unmodified and modified starch with cross-linking method. This research was divided into two stages. The first stage of the research was characterization of starch from Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst and the second stage of the research was processing of modified starch from Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst through crosslinking by using POCl at the concentration of 0.04%(v/v), 0.08%(v/v), dan 0.12%(v/v). There was no specific researchdesign for the first stage of the research.  The collected data was tabulated. The research design for the second stage was non factorial completely randomized design with five replications. The results showed that C. edulis contained starch content (41.35%) and D. hispida (38.80%). C. edulis starch had amylose content (17.59%) and D. hispida starch 8.92%. The modification of C. edulis starch contained of phosphate (15.74 ppm) and D. hispida 9.54 ppm. The starch granule was found in C. edulis (20-50 μm) and starch granule was in D. hispida (4.23 to 4.52 μm). The physical and chemical characteristics of modified C. edulis and D. hispida starch were not similar to the unmodified starch. The amylose andstarch contents in the modified starch was reduced, on the other hand, the phosphate content was increased, whereas the granule size was unchanged.3Keywords: Canna edulis Kerr, cross-linking, Dioscorea hispida Dennst, phosphate, starch ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan kimia pati ganyong dan gadung sebelum dan setelah dimodifikasi dengan menggunakan metode ikatan silang (cross linking). Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah karakterisasi pati dari umbi ganyong dan umbi gadung. Tahap kedua pembuatan pati termodifikasidari pati ganyong dan gadung melalui ikatan silang dengan menggunakan POCl pada konsentrasi 0,04% (v/v);0,08% (vv); dan 0,12% (v/v). Rancangan penelitian tahap pertama menggunakan tabulasi dan tahap kedua rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial dengan lima kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar pati umbi ganyongsebesar 41,35% dan 38,80% untuk pati umbi gadung. Kadar amilosa pati ganyong 17,59% dan pati gadung 8,92%. Pati ganyong modifikasi mengandung fosfat sebesar 15,74 ppm sedangkan pati gadung 9,54 ppm. Ukuran granula pati ganyong berkisar 20-50 μm dan pati gadung 4,32-4,25 μm. Kadar pati dan amilosa umbi ganyong dan gadung setelahdimodifikasi mengalami penurunan secara signifikan dengan semakin tinggi konsentrasi POCl 3 sedangkan kadar fosfat, derajat substitusi, dan kadar HCN untuk pati gadung mengalami penurunan.Kata kunci: Fosfat, ganyong, gadung, ikatan silang, pati 3,  

scholarly journals Evaluate the Effect of Processing of Chhattisgarh Local Paddy Variety to Flaked Rice (POHA) on Proximate, Chemical and Functional Characteristics

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rahul Dahare ◽  
Bhupendra Sahu ◽  
Tankesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fiber Content

The present study was undertaken to study the evaluate the effect of processing of Chhattisgarh local paddy variety to flaked rice (Poha) on proximate, functional and chemical characteristics. In the proximate analysis, change in crude fat content from paddy 3.20% to 0.96% for thick and 1.00% for thin flaked rice. The change in Crude fiber content from paddy to flaked rice was found to be 2.00% to 1.85% for thick and 1.79 for thin flaked rice. Similarly, change in crude protein content from paddy to flaked rice was found to be 4.23% to 4.04% for thick and 3.76 for thin flaked rice and change in ash content from paddy to flaked rice was found to be 1.00% to 1.35% for thick and 1.24% for thin flaked rice. Chemical properties, show that amylose content from paddy to flaked rice 19.27% to 18.19% for thick and 18.26% for thin flaked rice. Similarly, change in starch content from paddy to flaked rice 74.15% to 73.89% for thick and 73.47% for thin flaked rice. Functional properties, show that Water absorbing index (WAI) from paddy to flaked rice 2.19 g/g to 5.18 g/g for thick and 5.05 g/g for thin flaked rice. Similarly, water solubility index (WSI)  from paddy to flaked rice 3.25% to 4.86 for thick and 5.09% for thin flaked rice.

scholarly journals Examination of French bean on organic and conventional farming of Research Centre of Nyíregyháza

2009 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Gyuláné Györgyi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming

This study presents the yield results of some French bean varieties in organic and conventional farming. This study presents the advantage of organic farming in environmental point of view and in nutrition. Sale of organic products is insured, there is solvent demand rather in abroad than in Hungary.In Research Centre of Nyíregyháza had made organic farming since 1994, at present on 74 hectares.In the first trial, variety comparison with 9 yellow podded French beans in organic and conventional farming was conducted. Varieties: Carson, Cherokee, Debreceni sárga, Goldmine, Héliosz, Minidor, Sonesta, Sundance és Unidor. The following parameters were observed: the time of emergence and flowering, number of plants per plot, plant height and flowing green harvest. We weighed yield of the standardized, un-standardized and diseased pod fractions. The results were evaluated statistically with SPSS and Excell softwares.Emergence had all at once, but the plants of organic farming were 5 days earlier at flowering and maturity, than conventional farming.The plants in organic place were more developed than in conventional ones. Emergence was more uniform, the growth and the number of plant were square. Significant difference was not detected in plant height between two places. Most of the varieties examined had better total yield in organic place, than in conventional ones. Deviation depended on variety. ‘Sonesta’ and ‘Debreceni sárga’ had the best yield in both places. Inconventional farming choice can be expanded with ‘Unidor’ and ‘Sundance’. In organic farming choice can be expanded with ‘Minidor’ and ‘Carson’.In both places the Sonesta, Debreceni sárga and Unidor varieties had the most standardized yield per hectare. In organic place Carson variety had good pod yield because it was infected less by diseases.In the another trial we studied inside content values of some varieties on organic and conventional places. The parameters were observed: dry matter-, starch-, crude fibre-, crude protein content and amino acid content.The rates of asparagin or glutamine acid were the highest, which was followed by serin or histidine. In asparagin content was the most deviation between conventional and organic farming.Significant differences were between varieties in dry matter-, starch-, crude fibre-, and crude protein content both on organic and conventional places. Each variety had significant differences between organic and conventional farming.Starch had strong and negative correlation with dry matter, crude fibre and crude protein content.Budai piaci and Minidor varieties and BU-16 variety candidate had higher starch content and lower dry matter, crude fibre and crude protein content on organic place. Sonesta variety had almost equal dry matter content on both places, but crude protein content was higher with 10% and starch content was lower with 6% on organic place, than on conventional place. Paridor variety had almost equal starch content, but it had higher dry matter and crude protein content on organic place. 

scholarly journals Maize for silage: I. Conservation of whole maize plant for silage with treatment of preservatives and urea before ensiling

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
J. Setälä ◽  
J. Seppälä ◽  
S. Pulli
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fermentation Rate

Maize was harvested with a precision chopper and ensiled in five plastic tower silos, 1 500 kg fodder/silo. The silages and the ensiling methods were: 0.5 % urea per fresh weight (A), 1.0 % urea per fresh weight + Viher-acid 4 1/1000 kg of silage (B), 0.5 % urea per fresh weight + Viher-acid 4 1/1000 kg of silage (C). Viher-acid 4 1/1000 kg of silage (D) and silage without urea or preservatives (E). The dry matter content of the whole maize was 21 % and the crude protein content was 10.8 % in DM. The addition of urea increased the crude protein (N x 6.25) content in A- and C-silages to 17.7 percent and in B-silage to 24.9 percent. The quality of the silages was good, and some marks of butyric acid was found only in the silage ensiled without Viher-acid or urea. The addition of Viher-acid lowered the fermentation rate so that the sugar content of the corresponding silages was higher. The sugar content was higher (P < 0.01) and the content of lactic acid lower (P < 0.001) in the silage ensiled only with Viher-acid. Urea increased the content of lactic acid and the content of acetic acid of the silages. In the silages ensiled with urea the use of Viher-acid tended to lower the fermentation rate. The use of urea increased the NH3-N (P < 0.05) and the soluble N contents (P < 0.001) in the silages. In spite of the low dry matter content of the silages some enrichment of the urea in the lower parts of the silos was only found in the silage ensiled with 1 % of urea (P > 0.05) and Viher-acid. This was due to the larger effluent amount from the silo. The fermentation losses of dry matter were smallest in the silage D (3.9 %) and highest in the silage E (11.6 %) (P < 0.05). The losses in A-, B- and C-silages were 7.6 %, 4.7 % and 9.2 %, respectively. The use of urea decreased the fermentation losses.

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting time on forage yield and quality of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Maja Petricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality

Maize is the very important silage source in the world. Timely harvesting ensure high maize forage yield and quality. Therefore, the study focused on the effects of four harvesting times (starting at the 12 August every 7 days) on yield and qualitative parameters of forage green mass of maize hybrid ZP 677. The experiment was set in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, ear percentage, forage yield, dry matter content and crude protein content were higher, while stem percentage was lower in 2014 with favorable climatic condition. Forage yield, crude protein content, ADF and NDF decreased, while dry matter content significantly increased with delay in harvesting. The maize hybrid should be harvested when the milk line is three-quarter of the way down the grain that is in the third decade of August.

scholarly journals Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. NISSINEN ◽  
P. KALLIAINEN ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The development of the yield and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) both in the primary growth and in the regrowth were studied at MTT Plant Production Research, a unit of MTT Agrifood Research Finland, in Rovaniemi (66°35´N) in 1999–2001. The dry matter yield and leaf:stem ratio were measured from the crop samples, and the contents of crude protein and organic matter digestibility of both whole plant samples and leaf and stem fractions were analysed. In primary growth, the most rapid increase of dry matter, 220–240 kg ha-1 per day, was measured around the beginning of the heading stage. There was a very strong positive correlation between the proportion of stems and the amount of dry matter in the primary yield. The daily growth rate of the regrowth was less than half of that of the primary growth. The fastest decrease, 1 percentage unit per day, in crude protein content was measured at the pasture stage (4–5-leaf stage). During the entire sampling period, the average daily decline in crude protein content in the primary growth of timothy was 0.65 percentage units. The main cause for the rapid decline in crude protein content was the high proportion of stem matter and its low protein content. In the regrowth, during the last four weeks before the harvest, the average daily decline in crude protein content was 0.28 percentage units.The average decline in organic matter digestibility from early pasture stage to late silage stage was 0.9 percentage units per day. The most remarkable change was noticed at the growth stage of timothy when about the half of stems were heading and it was then that the digestibility decreased by more than one percentage unit per day. The rapid decline in organic matter digestibility was due to the low digestibility of stem matter. The daily change in forage digestibility in the regrowth was very small, on average 0.11%.;

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

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