scholarly journals Maize for silage: I. Conservation of whole maize plant for silage with treatment of preservatives and urea before ensiling

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
J. Setälä ◽  
J. Seppälä ◽  
S. Pulli
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fermentation Rate

Maize was harvested with a precision chopper and ensiled in five plastic tower silos, 1 500 kg fodder/silo. The silages and the ensiling methods were: 0.5 % urea per fresh weight (A), 1.0 % urea per fresh weight + Viher-acid 4 1/1000 kg of silage (B), 0.5 % urea per fresh weight + Viher-acid 4 1/1000 kg of silage (C). Viher-acid 4 1/1000 kg of silage (D) and silage without urea or preservatives (E). The dry matter content of the whole maize was 21 % and the crude protein content was 10.8 % in DM. The addition of urea increased the crude protein (N x 6.25) content in A- and C-silages to 17.7 percent and in B-silage to 24.9 percent. The quality of the silages was good, and some marks of butyric acid was found only in the silage ensiled without Viher-acid or urea. The addition of Viher-acid lowered the fermentation rate so that the sugar content of the corresponding silages was higher. The sugar content was higher (P < 0.01) and the content of lactic acid lower (P < 0.001) in the silage ensiled only with Viher-acid. Urea increased the content of lactic acid and the content of acetic acid of the silages. In the silages ensiled with urea the use of Viher-acid tended to lower the fermentation rate. The use of urea increased the NH3-N (P < 0.05) and the soluble N contents (P < 0.001) in the silages. In spite of the low dry matter content of the silages some enrichment of the urea in the lower parts of the silos was only found in the silage ensiled with 1 % of urea (P > 0.05) and Viher-acid. This was due to the larger effluent amount from the silo. The fermentation losses of dry matter were smallest in the silage D (3.9 %) and highest in the silage E (11.6 %) (P < 0.05). The losses in A-, B- and C-silages were 7.6 %, 4.7 % and 9.2 %, respectively. The use of urea decreased the fermentation losses.

Quality of sorghum silage in the feed-out period: evaluation of hybrids, silo layers, and mass structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
André Martins de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Sorghum Silage

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and fermentation quality of silage from two sorghum hybrids in different layers of the silo feed-out face, as well as the interference of the aerobic exposure time of structured and/or unstructured silo face (after feed-out). The AG-2005E hybrid silage presented higher crude protein content and higher pH compared to hybrid AG-60298 (6.33% and 4.0 versus 6.06% and 3.8, respectively). Silages from stratum 0 to 20cm had the lowest dry matter content and the highest crude protein content (38% and 6.35%, respectively). The pH did not differ between layers, and the NH3 content was higher in the stratum 60 to 80cm (4.5%). During 72 hours of aerobic exposure, the unstructured silage presented a higher increase in temperature than the silage from the structured face, but this period was not enough to result in differences in dry matter, mineral matter, NH3, and pH. The chemical and fermentation quality of the silage was directly influenced by hybrid and silo stratum. After aerobic exposure, silage from the structured face seems to suffer less interference compared to the silo feed-out face.

Yield Performance of Yam Bean in Tonga, South Pacific

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Grum ◽  
M. Halafihi ◽  
O. Stölen ◽  
M. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Varietal Variation ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Yield Trials

SummaryTwenty one accessions of yam bean (Pachyrhizus Rich. ex DC.) were tested in yield trials under short day conditions in Tonga, South Pacific. Fresh weight tuber yields ranged from 5.3 to 72.0 t ha−1, dry matter content from 8.0 to 20.8% and dry matter yields from 1.20 to 8.57 t ha−1. Crude protein content of peeled tubers varied between 5.1 and 9.8% of dry matter, yielding 71–540 kg ha−1 of crude protein. Varietal variation in leaf defoliation by the rose beetle, Adoretus versutus Har., was noted.

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting time on forage yield and quality of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Maja Petricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality

Maize is the very important silage source in the world. Timely harvesting ensure high maize forage yield and quality. Therefore, the study focused on the effects of four harvesting times (starting at the 12 August every 7 days) on yield and qualitative parameters of forage green mass of maize hybrid ZP 677. The experiment was set in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, ear percentage, forage yield, dry matter content and crude protein content were higher, while stem percentage was lower in 2014 with favorable climatic condition. Forage yield, crude protein content, ADF and NDF decreased, while dry matter content significantly increased with delay in harvesting. The maize hybrid should be harvested when the milk line is three-quarter of the way down the grain that is in the third decade of August.

scholarly journals Quality properties of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) silages

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Gülcan Demi̇roğlu Topçu ◽  
Şükrü Sezgi̇ Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Maize is an ideal forage crop for ensilage because of its high levels of fermentable carbohydrates, although it is low in protein. Sunn hemp is a legume with a high crude protein content with potential to be used in combination with maize to provide a silage with a higher protein content. Different percentages of sunn hemp-maize mixtures of 80-20, 60-40, 40-60 and 20-80 respectively were compared to silages of sole maize and sunn hemp. In the laboratory study, DLG classifications (color, smell, structure, total score and quality class), silage loss (%), silage pH, dry matter content, flieg score, crude protein content, crude ash content, NDF, ADF, metabolic energy (MJ kg-1 DM), dry matter intake, percent digestible dry matter and relative feed value were determined at the end of 60 days ensilage. The crude protein contents of silages increased as the sunn hemp ratio in the mixtures increased. In addition, pure sunn hemp silage and mixtures, especially 80% sunn hemp mixed with 20% maize, were found suitable for silage and it was concluded that sunn hemp and sunn hemp-maize silage mixtures could be used in animal husbandry.

Nutritional Quality Of Fermented Oil Palm Press Fiber By Local Microorganism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Anton Wicaksono ◽  
Yunilas ◽  
T H Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fermentation Time

Oil palm press fibre is a byproduct of agro-industry that has a low nutrient content. To improve the nutritional quality of oil palm press fibre, it is carried out with biological processing techniques utilizing the work of indigenous microorganisms derived from local microorganisms of it. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely  randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with 2 factors (3 x 3), namely first factor such as dose of local microorganisms (D 1 = 1%, D 2 = 3% andD 3 = 5%) and second factor such as long of fermentation (L1 = 7 days, L2 = 14 days and L3 = 21 days), with 3 replications. The parameters of this study consisted of the nutritional content of oil palm press fibre fermented such as moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and BETN. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the combination of treatment with a dose of local microorganisms 5% and fermentation time of 14 days had a significant effect (P<0.05) in increasing crude protein content and did not have a vegetable effect (P>0.05) in increasing the dry matter content and BETN and reducing water content. , crude fat, crude fiber and ash. Giving various doses of local microorganisms and fermentation time can increase crude protein content and have not been able to increase dry matter and BETN content and reduce moisture content, crude fiber and ash.

scholarly journals Top-dressing of paprika transplants in trays with fertilizers of phosphorus- and nitrogen surplus

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Slezák ◽  
N. Kappel ◽  
K. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Surplus ◽  
Made In

By our experiments, we wished to answer the question: may top-dressing with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, respectively, improve the quality of transplants grown in trays on a substrate enriched by 2 kg/m3 of retarded fertilizers? The experiments started in spring and autumn 2002, in a large volume plastic house. The seedlings were grown in trays. Seed was sown directly into KITE trays of 187 cells (28 cm3 volume per cell, 779 seedlings per square meter). The trays were filled by "loose filling" (without packing) with the following soil mixture: 50% Baltic highmoor peat, 50% 'Nitrite lowmoor peat, 1,5 kg/m3 feed chalk, 2 kg/m3 slow acting chemical fertilizer of phosphorus overweight, 2 kg/m3 superphosphate. The test plant was the vegetable paprika variety `Tizenegyes'. The trials were made in order to clear up if top-dressing done once or twice improves the quality of the seedlings. For this purpose, perfectly soluble fertilizers of phosphorus or nitrogen surplus were used. 3 I fertilizer solution of 0.2% concentration was given per square meter on every single occasion. The control plots received no top-dressing. The following parameters were registered: stem diameter, plant height, fresh weight of the top, dry matter content of the top, fresh weight of the root system per plant, dry matter content of the roots. The experimental results with top-dressing have clearly proved the insufficiency of mixing 2 kg/m3 of retarded fertilizer into the substrate, as usual in raising paprika seedlings in trays, because of the long period of transplant raising. According to our experiments the additional nitrogen fertilization influences positively the development of green parts of plants, while the multiple application of fertilizers with higher phosphorus-content helps to develop a strong root system. We suppose, that the more often applied additional fertilizers, maybe the combination of fertilizers with nitrogen and phosphorus amount could give use even better results.

scholarly journals KUALITAS KIMIA DAN KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL TANAMAN ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) DENGAN LAMA PENYINARAN DAN DOSIS DOLOMIT YANG BERBEDA PADA TANAH REGOSOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermanto Hermanto ◽  
Bambang Suwignyo Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Nafiatul Nafiatul
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight

This study aimed to analyze the quality of chemical and chlorophyll content of alfalfa plants with lenght of irradiation and dose of dolomite on the regosol soil. The experiment was conducted implemented in Greenhouse Laboratory Forage and Pasture Faculty of Animal Sciences University of Gadjah Mada, from May to September 2015. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 3 x 3 factorial design with two factors treatments and four replications. The first factor is the dose of dolomite (D) with 3 treatment (D0 = without dolomite, D1 = dolomite 6 t/hectare or 90 g/polybag and D2= dolomite 12 t/hectare or 180 g/polybag). The second factor is the length of irradiation (C) with 3 treatments (C0 = irradiating 12 hours, C1 = irradiating 14 hours and C2 = irradiating 16 hours). Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and significant results continued with Duncan test at 5% level.Parameters measured were the proximate analysis (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash) and alfalfa chlorophyll content. The results showed that there was no significant interaction effect between lenght of irradiation and dose of dolomite treatment to the dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and alfalfa chlorophyll content. The treatment lenght of irradiation are significant (P<0,05) of the organic matter content and ash content of alfalfa. Dose of dolomite treatment was not significant on all parameters of the study. The results showed that the treatment and dosage of radiation are dolomite not significant on the production of plant fresh weight, dry weight of plants, dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and content alfalfa chlorophyll. No interaction between treatment and dosage of radiation are dolomite which significantly affect production plant fresh weight, dry weight of plants, dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and alfalfa chlorophyll content. (Keywords: Alfalfa, lenght of irradiation, dolomite,  regosol soil)

scholarly journals Yield formation and quality characteristics of early potatoes during a short growing period

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MUSTONEN
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

The effects of nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of early potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were studied at MTT Agrifood Research Finland during 1996–1997. Cultivars were harvested at three times. The experimental layout was a split-split-plot with harvest times as main plots and nitrogen fertilization and potato cultivars as the subplots. The fertilizer treatments were 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 and the cultivars tested were Timo, Gloria and Van Gogh. The harvest times were 57–62, 70–75 and 85–90 days after planting. Application of 120 kg N ha-1 intensifi ed canopy development and increased leaf area of the stands. At early harvest the tuber yield of all cultivars receiving the higher nitrogen application increased by 0.5–2.5 t ha-1. The highest yielding cultivar was Timo. At last harvest, the higher nitrogen treatment increased yield by 3.0–6.2 t ha-1. The highest yielding cultivars were Timo and Van Gogh. The dry matter content of tubers was very low, 13.8–17.2%, at the fi rst harvest and the higher nitrogen application reduced dry matter content by 0.3–1.0%. The highest fertilizer application rate resulted in the largest tuber size. Nitrogen application, however, affected the quality of potatoes by decreasing the dry matter content. The nitrate content in tubers increased signifi cantly with the increasing level of nitrogen. The range of nitrate content in tubers fl uctuated between 13 and 189 mg kg-1 fresh weight showing good controlling of nitrate values. Harvest time affected sucrose content and the reducing sugar content in tubers, but nitrogen fertilizer did not change the sugar content of tubers. As tuber yield and quality during a short growing season are affected mainly by intercepted radiation, methods to increase tuber yield should focus on reducing the time to emergence, improving haulm growth after emergence and increasing the harvest index.;

scholarly journals Influence of Different Levels of Sulphur and Potassium and their Interactions on Different Quality and Storage Parameters of Potato

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Muzamil A. Rather ◽  
M. A. Chattoo ◽  
T. A. Bhat ◽  
F. Mushtaq ◽  
M. Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
And Storage

Quality and storage attributes are major concern for potato cultivators as well as processors. Therefore an investigation was carried out to study influence of different levels of sulphur and potassium on different quality and storage parameters of potato. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications of two factors with four levels of each factor. The two factors were S (sulphur) and K (potassium) with four levels as, S0 (control or no sulphur), S1 (20 kg S ha-1), S2 (40 kg S ha-1) and S3 (60 kg S ha-1) where as potassium levels were, K0 (control or no potassium), K1 (100 kg K ha-1), K2 (125 kg K ha-1) and K3 (150 kg K ha-1). Maximum value (1.48 g cc-1) for specific gravity, Soluble solid content (6.31 0Brix), vitamin C (16.58 mg 100 g-1), crude protein content(1.93%) and Dry matter content (23.09%) in tubers were recorded with S3 (60 kg ha-1) , besides significantly lower values of physiological weight loss (17.50%), sprouting (16.93%) and rotting (15.04%) were also recorded with S3 (60 kg ha-1) level followed by S2 (40 kg S ha-1). Significantly maximum values of quality traits like specific gravity (1.79 g cc-1), Soluble solid content (6.92 0Brix), vitamin C (21.62 mg 100 g-1), crude protein content (2.35%), Dry matter content (25.49%) in tubers were recorded with K3 (150 kg K ha-1), further significantly lower values of physiological weight loss (13.89%), sprouting (11.47 %) and rotting loss (9.92%) were recorded with S3 (150 kg K ha-1). Conjugation of 150 kg K ha-1 K+ 60 kg S ha-1 recorded maximum values of quality traits specific gravity (1.80), soluble solid content (7.63 0Brix), vitamin C (22.10 mg 100 g-1), crude protein content (2.49%) and dry matter content (25.92%), however S content of 0.367% was recorded with K3S3(150 kg K + 60 kg S ha-1), besides significantly lower values of physiological weight loss (13.47%), sprouting (10.44%) and rotting loss (5.43%) followed by S3K3 treatment.

scholarly journals Milk productivity and milk quality when feeding cows with silostan-containing haylage

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Karamaev ◽  
Anna S. Karamaeva ◽  
Khaidar Z. Valitov ◽  
Natalya V. Soboleva ◽  
Larisa N. Bakaeva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bean Crop

In the Middle Volga region, alfalfa is the most widely used bean fodder. In recent years, one more bean crop is used – Fodder galega. The main disadvantage of almost all legumes is low sugar content and poor haylage making abilities. To eliminate this drawback, the biological product “Silostan” was developed. It is used as a preservative. The aim of the work is to study the effect of alfalfa and Fodder galega haylage made using the bio-preservative “Silostan” on milk production and quality of milk of black and white Samara cows. The use of Silostan increased the dry matter content by 5.2 and 4.5, ECE – by 12.8 and 17.5%, and digestible protein – by 27.1 and 15, 5%. The digestibility of dry matter increased – by 3.85 and 4.38%, crude protein – by 5.68 and 5.42%, crude fat– by 4.26 and 5.26%, crude fiber by 3.86 and 4.07%. The use of haylage with bio-preservatives increased the yield of cows for 305 days of lactation by 14.6 and 16.5%. The MFF increased by 0.05 and 0.06%, MFP – by 0.07 and 0.09%, respectively. The technological properties of milk improved, the milk consumption per 1 kg of ripened cheese decreased by 4.9 and 11.2%.

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