Are fungicide applications to control crown rust of oat beneficial?

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
N. Ames ◽  
R. B. Irvine ◽  
H. R. Kutcher ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Rust Severity

May, W. E., Ames, N., Irvine, R. B., Kutcher, H. R., Lafond, G. P. and Shirtliffe, S. J. 2014. Are fungicide applications to control crown rust of oat beneficial? Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 911–922. Crown rust (Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Eriks.) negatively impacts seed quality and yield in oat (Avena sativa L.) in rust-prone areas of eastern Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. Genetic resistance is the primary means for controlling this disease, but early seeding and fungicide applications have been suggested to reduce yield losses. Trials were conducted in six locations in Saskatchewan and Manitoba in 2009–2011 to determine the interactions between cultivar, fungicide application, crown rust and seeding date. The cultivars were chosen to represent a range of resistance to the current races of crown rust: AC Morgan, very susceptible; CDC Orrin, susceptible; CDC Boyer, partially resistant; and Leggett, resistant. Crown rust severity varied among locations and cultivars. The sprayed flag and penultimate leaves of AC Morgan tended to have similar amounts of crown rust as the unsprayed leaves of CDC Boyer and CDC Orrin regardless of the level of crown rust infection. Leggett's yield and quality did not respond to fungicide application. Only AC Morgan consistently benefited from a fungicide application. At high crown rust sites fungicide application improved AC Morgan's yield by 17 to 27% (690 kg ha−1 to 781 kg ha−1). Delayed seeding reduced grain yield from 8 to 26% with 8% occurring at low crown rust sites and the largest reductions occurring at high crown rust sites in susceptible cultivars. The test weight of AC Morgan increased from 242 g 0.5 L−1 to 255 g 0.5 L−1 when fungicide was applied at high crown rust sites seeded in mid-May. Fungicide application did not change the test weight of Leggett. The β-glucan level was affected more by seeding date (0.4%) and cultivar (0.4%) than fungicide application (0.1%). Seeding a cultivar with better crown rust resistance than AC Morgan in mid-May eliminated most of the benefits derived from fungicide application. These results indicate that prophylactic fungicide applications are unlikely to provide yield improvement when early planting is combined with even a moderately disease-resistant cultivar.

Management of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) with early seeding dates and high seeding rates

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E May ◽  
S J Shirtliffe ◽  
D W McAndrew ◽  
C B Holzapfel ◽  
G P Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Density Treatment

Traditionally, farmers have delayed seeding to manage wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) crops, but this practice can adversely affect grain yield and quality. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of using high seeding rates with early-seeded oat to maintain grain yield and quality, and (2) to determine an optimum seeding rate to manage wild oat and maximize grain yield and quality. The factors of interest were wild oat density (low and high density), seeding date (early May, mid May, early June and mid June), and tame oat seeding rate (150, 250, 350 and 450 viable seeds m-2). The study was conducted at Indian Head and Saskatoon, SK, in 2002, 2003 and 2004, at Winnipeg, MB, in 2002, and at Morden, MB, in 2003 and 2004. Wild oat biomass, wild oat panicle density and wild oat seed in the harvested sample decreased as seeding rate increased, while tame oat biomass and grain yield increased. Wild oat density ranged between 0 and 100 plants m-2 with averages of 10 plants m-2 in the low density treatment and 27 plants m-2 in the high density treatment. At low seeding rates, grain yield decreased with increasing wild oat density. The difference in grain yield between the two wild oat densities decreased as the seeding rate increased. There was a curvilinear decrease in grain yield as seeding was delayed. A seeding date × seeding rate interaction was noted for test weight, plump seed, thin seed and groat yield. Seed quality improved as seeding rate increased for only the mid-June seeding date. Even though the mid-June test weight increased as the seeding rate increased it was always lower than the early May test weight at any seeding rate. The results from this study established that in the presence of wild oats, early seeding of tame oat is possible providing high seeding rates, 350 plants m-2 are used.Key words: Wild oat competition, wild oat density, wild oat biomass, grain yield, grain quality

Early seeding dates improve oat yield and quality in the eastern prairies

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
R. M. Mohr ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Yield And Quality

Demand for high quality oat (Avena sativa L.) for consumption by humans and race horses has increased, leading to increased oat production on the Canadian prairies. Little information exists on the best management practices for producing high-quality, high-yielding oat using direct seeding systems and cropping practices developed and adopted over the past 15 yr. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of early seeding on grain yield and quality of oat cultivars currently grown in the eastern prairie region. Four seeding dates and four cultivars were tested at Indian Head, Melfort, and Brandon over 3 yr. Moving the seeding date from mid-June to early May increased oat yield, seeds per panicle, kernel weight, test weight and plump seed by 76, 33, 10, 13 and 11%, respectively, when averaged across all locations and years. This increase in yield and quality was probably due to improved environmental conditions and a reduction in crown rust infection (Puccina coronata Corda). Crown rust has a larger effect on seed yield and quality as one moves east and south from Melfort, Saskatchewan, and as seeding was delayed from early May. Early seeding of oat decreases the risk of obtaining low yield and/or quality, and should be considered a best management practice for growing milling oats, especially in the southeastern prairies of Canada. Key words: Yield components, test weight, oat, Puccina coronata, lodging, plump seed, thin seed

Fungicide Management of Pasmo of Flax and Sensitivity of Septoria linicola to Pyraclostrobin and Fluxapyroxad

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonima Islam ◽  
Cecil Vera ◽  
Jan Slaski ◽  
Ramona Mohr ◽  
Khalid Y Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Fungicide Insensitivity ◽  
Microtiter Assay

Among the diseases that have the potential to cause damage to flax every year, pasmo, caused by Septoria linicola, is the most important. Fungicide application and a diverse crop rotation are the most important strategies to control this disease because there is little variation in resistance among flax cultivars. However, few fungicide products are available to flax growers. Field studies were conducted at four locations in Western Canada in 2014, 2015 and 2016 to determine the effect of two fungicide active ingredients applied singly and in combination: pyraclostrobin, fluxapyroxad and fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin; and two application timings (early-flower, mid-flower and at both stages) on pasmo severity, seed yield and quality of flaxseed. The results indicated that among the three fungicide treatments, both pyraclostrobin and fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin controlled pasmo effectively, however, fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin was the most beneficial to improve the quality and quantity of the seed at most of the site-years. Disease severity in the fungicide-free control was 70%, application of fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin decreased disease severity to 18%, followed by pyraclostrobin (23%) and fluxapyroxad (48%). Application of fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin also improved seed yield to 2562 kg ha-1 compared with 1874 kg ha-1 for the fungicide-free control, followed by pyraclostrobin (2391 kg ha-1) and fluxapyroxad (2340 kg ha-1). Fungicide application at early and mid-flowering stage had the same effects on disease severity and seed yield; however, seed quality was improved more when fungicide was applied at mid-flowering stage. Continuous use of the same fungicide may result in the development of fungicide insensitivity in the pathogen population. Thus, sensitivity of S. linicola isolates to pyraclostrobin and fluxapyroxad fungicides were determined by the spore germination and microtiter assay methods. Fungicide insensitivity was not detected among the 73 isolates of S. linicola tested against either of these fungicides.

Oat quality and yield as affected by kernel moisture at swathing

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. May ◽  
Ramona M. Mohr ◽  
Guy P. Lafond ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Yield And Quality

Increased demand for high-quality oat has rekindled interest in improving oat (Avena sativa L.) yield and quality by managing the timing of oat swathing. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of swathing at five levels of kernel moisture on yield and seed quality at Indian Head, SK, and Brandon, MB, from 1997 (Indian Head only) to 2000. The largest benefit to yield and quality was achieved when swathing was delayed from 50 to 41% kernel moisture. Kernel weight, plump seed and groat yield were optimized when kernel moisture was between 36 and 30% moisture content. Dockage, protein content and oil content also improved with later swathing dates. Swathing should not begin until a kernel moisture content of 41% has been reached. After 30% kernel moisture was reached, no improvement in oat yield and quality occurred when swathing was delayed any further. Key words: Avena sativa L., test weight, thin seed, groat yield, protein, germination

scholarly journals Yield Losses Due to Crown Rust in Winter Oats in Alabama

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bowen ◽  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
M. Pegues ◽  
J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Head Extension ◽  
Better Than

Crown rust is a common disease on winter oats in Alabama. While considered the most destructive disease of oats, little has been done in recent years, with current cultivars, to demonstrate yield losses due to crown rust. Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of fungicides and application timing on crown rust severity and yield. All fungicides reduced crown rust and improved yield. Two fungicide applications were better than a single fungicide application for reducing crown rust. Relative to yield, a single fungicide application during flag leaf development (FS 8-9) was better than a single application during head extension (FS 10.3). When compared with the non-treated control, significant yield gains were obtained with Tilt and Headline in all four years and Stratego YLD in three of four years. Fungicide programs resulted in a broad range of crown rust severities; disease levels were highly related to decreases in yield in each of four years. In two study years, ‘Coker 227’ was more damaged by crown rust, with about 10% yield loss for each unit disease, than was ‘Horizon 270,’ with 2.5 to 4.5% loss. However, in 2013, virulence patterns of the crown rust pathogen shifted and disease on Horizon 270 was greater than that on Coker 227; relative yield losses were also much lower in 2013. Accepted for publication 15 April 2016. Published 4 May 2016.

Puccinia triticina (wheat brown rust).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Goyeau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Cropping Season

Abstract Leaf rust seldom kills wheat, but it is capable of causing 35-50% yield loss in endemic areas on susceptible cultivars, where severity levels of 25-40% are reached at the tillering stage and 100% at the flowering stage. The disease causes more damage worldwide than other wheat rusts. Quarantine is of no relevance as leaf rust is of worldwide occurrence and virulences spread freely between nations and zones. Crop losses are dependent on the genetic resistance of each cultivar, pathogen virulence and environmental conditions. Losses caused by leaf rust particularly originate from reductions of the wheat photosynthetic area. Infected plants normally produce a lower number of tillers, lower amounts of grains per head and smaller grains. The earlier the epidemic in the cropping season, the higher the yield losses. Mathematical models for estimating disease severity and crop losses have been developed based on multiple-point disease recording at different physiological stages of the plant (Burleigh et al., 1972; Eversmeyer and Kramer, 1998, 2000).

scholarly journals Plant spacing and pollen quantity on yield and quality of squash seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio S. de Lima ◽  
Antonio I. I. Cardoso ◽  
Marcelo F. Verdial
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Pollen Quantity

Squash seeds yield and quality can be improved by proper population plant spacing and the pollen quantity, which influences the pollination quality and fertilization. Nine experiments were conducted as a factorial combination of three spacing between plants (0.8 x 0.3, 0.8 x 0.6 and 0.8 x 0.9 m), two quantities of pollen (50% of an anther and another entire one) and natural insect pollination. Seed and fruit production parameters, and seed quality were evaluated. A randomized complete block design, five replications, with ten plants per plot was adopted. Larger plant spacing increased the average number of mature fruits and seed yield per plant. Seed yield was directly proportional to the amount of pollen used during pollination. Higher amounts of pollen resulted in higher seed yield per area, but the plant spacing did not affect this characteristic. Manual pollination, using a whole anther, did not differ from natural pollination in relation to seed yield and quality.

Effect of nitrogen, seeding date and cultivar on oat quality and yield in the eastern Canadian prairies

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. May ◽  
Ramona M. Mohr ◽  
Guy P. Lafond ◽  
Adrian M. Johnston ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
N Rates

The proportion of oat (Avena sativa L.) being used for race horses and human consumption has increased over the past 15 yr. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N, seeding date and cultivar on grain yield components, grain yield and grain quality of oat under a direct seeding system. Four N rates, three seeding dates and two cultivars were tested at Indian Head, Melfort, and Canora, SK, and Brandon, MB. Yield was more responsive to increasing N rates from 15 and 80 kg ha-1 when oat was seeded in early May versus early June. Panicles plant-1 was the yield component that accounted for most of the yield increase achieved from increasing rates of N, while kernel weight was the yield component that decreased as the rate of N increased. Physical seed quality decreased (plump seed decreased and thin seed increased) with delayed seeding and greater N fertilizer rates. Nitrogen fertilizer and seeding date had a much larger effect on the quality of CDC Pacer than AC Assiniboia. Combining early seeding, appropriate N fertility and well-adapted cultivars should increase the likelihood of optimizing oat yield and quality necessary for high-value markets. Key words: Avena sativa L., yield components, test weight, lodging, plump seed, thin seed

Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production: Effect on alfalfa seed yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
D. C. Murrell ◽  
C. D. Myhre ◽  
J. J. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Preharvest applications of glyphosate have been shown to be effective in controlling Canada thistle in annual crops, but may reduce alfalfa seed yield depending on time and rate of application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on subsequent alfalfa seed yield and quality. The effects of timing, 1, 26, 51 and 76% alfalfa seed pod maturity, and rate, 0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 g a.i. ha-1, of a preharvest application of glyphosate on alfalfa seed yield and quality in the year of application, and regrowth and seed yield in the following year were determined. The rate of glyphosate applied did not affect seed yield in the application year; however, in the following year, growth and seed yield were reduced as rates increased. Delaying the application of glyphosate increased seed yields in the application year, but decreased alfalfa regrowth and flowering the following year. Germination and seedling emergence were not affected by the rate or timing of the glyphosate. A preharvest application of glyphosate at 1760 g a.i. ha-1 at 76% pod maturity is a viable option in the last year of seed production. Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), glyphosate, abnormal seeds, seed quality, and seedling vigour

Seeding-date effects on yield, quality and maturity of safflower

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Mündel ◽  
R. J. Morrison ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
B. T. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Maturity Degree ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

Experiments were conducted for 4 yr at Lethbridge and Brooks, Alberta, and at Morden, Manitoba, to determine the effect of seeding date, cultivar (Saffire, S-208 and Cargill-3) and location on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yield, oil content, test weight and maturity; and the effect of accumulated degree–days (DD) on yield, oil content and test weight. The early-maturing cultivar, Saffire, produced the least variable yields across seeding dates. For locations and years where fall frosts did not occur before maturity, Cargill-3 produced good yields, even with late seeding; S-208 yielded less in similar situations; however, S-208 generally outyielded Saffire. Highest yields were obtained at Brooks by seeding in late April, at Lethbridge, by seeding in late April or early May. However, at both Alberta locations, Saffire could usually be seeded to mid-May without major yield reduction. At Morden, seeding during the third week of May provided optimum yields. Seeding date had little influence on oil content. Later seeding dates tended to reduce days to maturity and test weight. Safflower matured 3 wk earlier at Morden (earliest site) than at Lethbridge (latest site), with maturity at Brooks averaging 4–8 days earlier than at Lethbridge. Plants required more DD to reach maturity at Morden than at either Alberta location. DD was positively associated with yield of S-208 at both Lethbridge and Morden; for Saffire, only at Lethbridge; and for Cargill-3, only at Morden. DD generally did not significantly affect oil or test weight. Key words: Safflower, Carthamus, agronomy, seeding dates, yield, oil, test weight, maturity, degree–days

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