High temperature promotes early senescence in primary leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De la Haba ◽  
L. De la Mata ◽  
E. Molina ◽  
E. Agüera
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Control Temperature ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Specific Leaf Mass

De la Haba, P., De la Mata, L., Molina, E. and Agüera, E. 2014. High temperature promotes early senescence in primary leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 659–669. High temperature affects numerous biochemical and physiological traits in plants. Primary leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were collected from plants grown under a control temperature (day/night regime of 23/19°C) or a high temperature (day/night regime of 33/29°C) for 16, 22, 28, 32 or 42 d. Leaves of sunflower plants exposed to high temperature exhibited decreased growth, as reflected by lower specific leaf mass and reduced leaf area as compared with controls. A superior decrease in soluble protein content during leaf life span in plants grown at high temperature relative to control plants (70% vs. 45%, respectively) suggests that high temperature promotes soluble protein degradation in leaves. High temperature also reduces net photosynthetic rate (P N) possibly by decreasing the content in photosynthetic pigments and the stomatal conductance (g s). The activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase decreased while deaminating activity in glutamate dehydrogenase increased in leaves exposed to high temperature. Our results suggest that high temperature induced early senescence in sunflower leaves, probably as a result of an accumulation of soluble sugars and the associated decrease in starch levels. Oxidative damage resulting from increased H2O2 accumulation and a decline in antioxidant activity may have also contributed to accelerated senescence of primary leaves at high temperature.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal efficacy of trifoliate orange seedlings on alleviating temperature stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.S. Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Entry Points

Citrus plants often suffer from temperature stress, which seriously inhibits tree growth and even results in tree death. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Glomus mosseae on growth, root morphology, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and soluble protein content of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings at low (15°C), optimum (25°C) and high (35°C) temperatures. Sixty-eight days after temperature stresses, mycorrhizal colonization and number of both entry points and vesicles were significantly inhibited by low or high temperature. Mycorrhizal seedlings recorded significantly higher growth characteristics than non-mycorrhizal seedlings at both optimum and high temperatures, but the beneficial effects were almost lost at low temperature. Generally, mycorrhizal seedlings presented notably higher root traits (projected area, surface area, number of forks and volume) than non-mycorrhizal seedlings regardless of temperature levels. Mycorrhizal colonization significantly increased SOD and CAT activities and soluble protein content at high temperature, increased only SOD activity at optimum temperature, and decreased only soluble protein content at low temperature. It suggests that mycorrhizal alleviation of temperature stress in trifoliate orange seedlings was at high temperature, but the alleviation was obviously weakened at low temperature.

The dynamics of tocopherol and the effect of high temperature in developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) embryo

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijun Dong ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Zhongyue Chen ◽  
Weidong Pan ◽  
Hongjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

Effects of γ-irradiation on antioxidant activity in soybean seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka Štajner ◽  
Boris Popović ◽  
Ksenija Taški
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Total Antioxidant

AbstractThere are some reports that low doses of γ-irradiation could induce antioxidant activities in plant material, including soybean. Irradiation, required for the inactivation of some pathogens and induction of mutations, may have adverse effects on sensorial, nutritional and antioxidant qualities. The effects of different γ-irradiation doses (100–200 Gy) on antioxidant properties of soybean seeds was investigated. In this study, we report the results obtained by analysis of antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced glutathione, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyl (HO−) radical quantities, soluble protein content, and total antioxidant activity in irradiated soybean seeds. Antioxidant enzyme activities were affected due to high irradiation intensity. Significant changes of total antioxidant activity and MDA and HO.quantities were observed only under the highest irradiation dose, with a 15.7% reduction in total antioxidant activity, MDA quantity increase of 21.6%, and HO− radical quantity increase of 79.3% compared to the non-irradiated control. The total soluble protein content increased slightly.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity in Brassica napus L. plants expressing lox-dependent BAR gene

1970 ◽  
pp. 271-275
Author(s):  
L. O. Sakhno ◽  
K. V. Lystvan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Bar Gene ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Total Soluble Protein Content

Aim. The study of possible unintended biochemical peculiarities of newly obtained herbicide-resistant canola (Brassica napus L.) plants expressing the lox-dependent BAR gene was the aim. Methods. Total soluble protein content, total free radical scavenging activity, and superoxide dismutase activity have been investigated using Bradford’s, DPPH, and nitroblue tetrazolium assays, respectively. Fresh weight of plants grown on media with or without phosphinothricin was also measured. Results. The antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of untransformed plants under in vitro growth condi-tions had no significant differences in comparison with ones of phospinothricin-resistant plants in the third generation. No significant changes in parameters investigated were observed in transgenic plants cultivated on media with herbicide addition compared to ones grown on media without it. Fresh weight and total soluble protein content were similar in transgenic and untransformed canola plants under growth without phosphinothricin. Conclusions. Lox-dependent BAR gene introduction and expression resulted in no significant differences in leaf antioxidant activity in transgenic canola plants comparing to untransformed controls.Keywords: Brassica napus, antioxidant activity, DPPH, glufosinate, superoxide dismutase.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNY MILDEW (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. and de Toni) INFECTION IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / MODIFICACIONES BIOQUIMICAS E HISTOLOGICAS RELACIONADAS CON LA INFECCION DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) POR EL AGENTE DE MILDIU (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. y de Toni) / CHANGEMENTS BIOCHIMIQUES ET HISTOLOGIQUES ASSOCIÉS À L’INFECTION DU TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.) PAR LE MILDIOU (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni)

Helia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (33) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
B.R. Prashanth Kumar ◽  
Mahesh J. Kulkarni ◽  
B.N. Veena Rao ◽  
K. Chandrika ◽  
V.R. Balakrishna Gowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Molecular Weight Protein ◽  
High Molecular Weight Protein ◽  
Plasmopara Halstedii ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Weight Protein

SUMMARY Biochemical changes associated with downy mildew infection in sunflower revealed an increase in the total soluble proteins, 0-40% ammonium sulfate fractionated proteins and total soluble sugars. Molecular sieve chromatography of 0-40% ammonium sulphate fraction revealed for presence of a high molecular weight protein and polysaccharide in the downy mildew infected sunflower leaves. Antibodies raised against the high molecular weight protein and polysaccharide were used in the western blot/dot blot analysis. It has been shown that the downy mildew disease also induces PR proteins, which have antigenic homology with PR-S protein, a member of the PR-5 class of proteins. An increase in iPA (isopentenyl adenosine) content in the infected sample was observed. A positive correlation exists between iPA level, 0-40% protein and total sugar content. Histological studies revealed that the downy mildew fungal mycelium extensively proliferates, ramifies extensively the leaf tissue and forms a nutritional link with the host cell by producing the intracellular haustorium.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus l.) Ethanolic Extract with DPPH Method and Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Salwa Salwa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
A Value ◽  
Dpph Method

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is believed to have antioxidant properties. Currently, there are many studies examining compounds that have benefits as antioxidants and are safe for health. However, the sunflower only examined the antioxidants in sunflower seeds. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of flowers, bark, and leaves of sunflowers. The antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method showed the highest antioxidant activity was found in the leaf extract (Helianthus annuus L.) with an IC50 value of 48.841 ppm. The highest phenolic content was found in leaf samples with a value of 35.149 mg gallic acid equivalent/gram extract and the highest determination of flavonoid levels was found in leaf samples with a value of 10.917 mg quercetin equivalent/gram extract.

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