Response of herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to four row spacings and three seeding rates in a no-till production system

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Kutcher ◽  
T. K. Turkington ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
K. N. Harker
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Production System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

Kutcher, H. R., Turkington, T. K., Clayton, G. W. and Harker, K. N. 2013. Response of herbicide-tolerant canola ( Brassica napus L.) cultivars to four row spacings and three seeding rates in a no-till production system. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1229–1236. Appropriate management practices are important to reduce input costs and to optimize yield and crop quality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum row spacing (23, 31, 46 and 61 cm) and seeding rate (3.2, 6.4 and 9.6 kg ha−1, or 87, 173 and 260 seeds planted m−2) for two herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars (an open-pollinated and a hybrid) under a no-till production system. Plant density and yield varied with row spacing, with the effect being linear in both cases. Plant density decreased with wider row spacing, from 112 plants m−2 at the 23-cm row spacing to 83 plants m−2 at the 61-cm row spacing. Yield decreased with wider row spacing, from 2397 kg ha−1 at the 23-cm row spacing to 2138 kg ha−1 at the 61-cm row spacing. Results from this study indicate that herbicide-tolerant cultivars of canola grown in no-till production systems under conditions of adequate soil fertility, effective weed management, minimal disease pressure, and good flea beetle control, produced the highest plant densities and yields at row spacing of 24–31 cm, that seeding rates in the range of 3.2–9.6 kg ha−1 had no effects on yield, and that a hybrid cultivar performed better than open-pollinated cultivars in terms of plant density, earliness and duration of flowering, and seed size. The study helps to better define the response of plant density and seed yield in herbicide-tolerant canola cultivars to changes in row spacing and seeding rate. In particular, the results of this study suggest that plant density may not be a reliable predictor of canola yield, although row spacing is an important consideration.

EFFECT OF ROW SPACING AND SEEDING RATES ON SUMMER RAPE IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. MORRISON ◽  
P. B. E. McVETTY ◽  
R. SCARTH
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Lower Plant

To determine the effects of varying plant densities on summer rape (Brassica napus L.), the cultivar Westar was seeded in 15- and 30-cm row spacings at seeding rates of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 kg ha−1. Plants seeded in 15-cm rows yielded more per area, produced more pods per plant and lodged less than those in 30-cm rows. Higher yields were associated with a more even plant distribution and a lower degree of intra-row competition. There were no significant protein, oil and chlorophyll concentration differences between the row spacing treatments. The highest yields (kg ha−1) were achieved with the 1.5 and 3.0 kg ha−1 seeding rates. Summer rape compensated for lower plant densities with the production of more branch racemes. As seeding rate increased, competitive mortality increased, resulting in greater etiolation at bolting, and greater lodging at harvest. Seed oil and protein concentrations were not affected by seeding rate. However, seed chlorophyll concentration decreased with increased seeding rate.Key words: Brassica napus, plant density, seed quality, rape (summer)

scholarly journals The effect of plant population densities on growth, yield and yield components of two spring rapeseed cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 422-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important alternate oilseed crop in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. No information on plant density for rapeseed is available in this region. Therefore a study was initiated to investigate the effects of spacings between rows and spacings within rows on the yield and agronomic characteristics of two genotypes of spring rapeseed (Tower and Lirawell) in Erzurum, eastern Anatolia, during 1994 and 1995. The effects of spacings between or within rows on the yield and yield components of Tower and Lirawell, two cultivars of Brassica napus L., were studied for 2 years inErzurum,Turkey. Rows were spaced at 15, 30 and45 cm. Spacings within rows were 5, 10 and15 cm. The results of this study suggested that seed yield was significantly affected by spacings between rows but not by spacings within rows, and that rape yields were higher at the narrow (15 cm) row spacing compared to the middle (30 cm) and wider (45 cm) spacings.

Polymer seed coating of early- and late-fall-seeded herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
L. Dosdall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Early Fall

Polymer seed coatings offer an opportunity to fall seed Brassica napus earlier in October, thus avoiding difficult seeding conditions (wet/frozen soils) common in late October or early November. A multi-year field experiment was conducted at four locations in Alberta, Canada, to investigate the effect of early (mid-October) and late fall (late October-early November) canola seeding with and without a germination-inhibiting polymer seed coat. Yield and yield components were determined in glufosinate (hybrid and open-pollinated), glyphosate (open-pollinated), and imidazolinone (open-pollinated) herbicidetolerant canola cultivars. Early-seeded canola without the polymer coat had a reduced plant density of 58% compared to late-fall-seeded canola. Application of the polymer coat on early-seeded canola increased plant density by 80% compared to uncoated seed. Seed yield and dockage were not affected by seeding date when a polymer seed coating was used. Without the polymer seed coat, canola yield was reduced 42% and dockage increased 6% when seeding occurred in early vs. late fall. Increased pod production from early-fall-seeded uncoated canola compared to other seeding dates could only partially compensate for canola yield. Cultivar interactions generally were not agronomically important. The use of polymer seed coatings with all these herbicide-tolerant cultivars will allow producers to seed earlier in fall, rather than waiting for cooler soil conditions in late fall. Key words: Canola (Brassica napus L.), dormant seeding, polymer seed coating

Optimization of Plant Density and Row Spacing for Mechanical Harvest in Winter Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Jie KUAI ◽  
Ying-Ying SUN ◽  
Qing-Song ZUO ◽  
Qing-Xi LIAO ◽  
Suo-Hu LENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

EFFECT OF ALTERING PLANT DENSITY ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMER RAPE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. MORRISON ◽  
P. B. E. McVETTY ◽  
R. SCARTH
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Area Index

The effect of 15- and 30-cm row spacings and 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0 kg ha−1 seeding rates on growth characteristics, as measured by growth analysis, of summer rape (Brassica napus L.) was studied under southern Manitoba growing conditions. Growing degree days (GDD) was used in the growth analysis formulae as a measurement of time. Over all seeding rates, summer rape grown in rows spaced 15 cm apart produced more dry weight (W), a greater leaf area index (LAI) and a greater leaf area duration (LAD) than when grown in rows spaced 30 cm apart. The 15-cm row spacing treatments had a higher crop growth rate (CGR) and a greater net assimilation rate (NAR) than the 30-cm row spacing treatments. Summer rape grown at seeding rates of 6.0 and 12.0 kg ha−1 had a greater W, LAI and LAD during vegetative development than summer rape grown at seeding rates of 1.5 and 3.0 kg ha−1. This was primarily due to increased plant density. After flowering there were no differences for W, LAI and LAD attributable to differences in seeding rates. Summer rape grown at seeding rates of 6.0 and 12.0 kg ha−1 had a lower CGR and NAR during flowering than that grown at 1.5 and 3.0 kg ha−1 seeding rates indicating that plants produced from lower seeding rates were more photosynthetically efficient than plants produced from higher seeding rates.Key words: Brassica napus, growth analysis, row spacing, seeding rates, rape (summer)

scholarly journals The yield of mechanically harvested rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) can be increased by optimum plant density and row spacing

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Kuai ◽  
Yingying Sun ◽  
Qingsong Zuo ◽  
Haidong Huang ◽  
Qingxi Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Brassica Napus L

scholarly journals Individual and Combined Effects of Planting Date, Seeding Rate, Relative Maturity, and Row Spacing on Soybean Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Hans J. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), relative maturity (RM) of cultivars, and row spacing (RS) are primary management factors affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield. The individual and synergistic effects of PD, SR, RM, and RS on seed yield and agronomic characteristics in North Dakota were herein investigated. Early and late PD, early and late RM cultivars, two SR (408,000 and 457,000 seed ha−1), and two RS (30.5 and 61 cm) were evaluated in four total environments in 2019 and 2020. Maximizing green canopy cover prior to the beginning of flowering improved seed yield. Individual factors of early PD and narrow RS resulted in yield increase of 311 and 266 kg ha−1, respectively. The combined factors of early PD, late RM, high SR, and narrow RS improved yield by 26% and provided a $350 ha−1 partial profit over conventional practices. Canopy cover and yield had relatively weak relationships with r2 of 0.36, 0.23, 0.14, and 0.21 at the two trifoliolate, four trifoliolate, beginning of flowering, and beginning of pod formation soybean growth stages, respectively. Producers in the most northern soybean region of the USA should combine early planting, optimum RM cultivars, 457,000 seed ha−1 SR, and 31 cm RS to improve yield and profit compared to current management practices.

scholarly journals Fall and spring seeding date effects on herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
L. M. Dosdall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Root Maggot ◽  
Crops Yield

More flexible and effective weed control with herbicide-tolerant B. napus canola allows for additional seeding management options, such as fall (dormant) and early spring (ES) seeding. Field experiments were conducted at Lacombe and Beaverlodge (1999–2001), Didsbury (1999–2000), and Lethbridge (2000–2001), Alberta, Canada, primarily to evaluate the effect of fall (late October-November), ES (late April-early May), and normal spring (NS) (ca. mid-May) seeding dates on glufosinate-, glyphosate-, and imidazolinone-tolerant canola development and yield. Fall seeding resulted in 46% lower plant density and nearly double the dockage than spring seeding. ES-seeded canola had 19% higher seed yield and 2.1% higher oil content than fall-seeded canola. ES seeding significantly increased yield compared to fall-seeded canola for 8 of 10 site -years or compared to NS seeding for 4 of 10 site-years; ES-seeded canola equalled the yield of NS-seeded canola for 6 of 10 site-years. Yield response to seeding date did not differ among herbicide-tolerant cultivars. Seeding date did not influence root maggot damage. Seeding canola as soon as possible in spring increases the likelihood of optimizing canola yield and quality compared to fall seeding and traditional spring seeding dates. Key words: Dormant seeding, seeding management, root maggot, herbicide-resistant crops, yield components, operational diversity

Influence of Weed Management Practices and Crop Rotation on Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Population Dynamics and Crop Yield-Years III and IV

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Till

Horseweed is an increasingly common and problematic weed in no-till soybean production in the eastern cornbelt due to the frequent occurrence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of crop rotation, winter wheat cover crops (WWCC), residual non-glyphosate herbicides, and preplant application timing on the population dynamics of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed and crop yield. A field study was conducted from 2003 to 2007 in a no-till field located at a site that contained a moderate infestation of GR horseweed (approximately 1 plant m−2). The experiment was a split-plot design with crop rotation (soybean–corn or soybean–soybean) as main plots and management systems as subplots. Management systems were evaluated by quantifying in-field horseweed plant density, seedbank density, and crop yield. Horseweed densities were collected at the time of postemergence applications, 1 mo after postemergence (MAP) applications, and at the time of crop harvest or 4 MAP. Viable seedbank densities were also evaluated from soil samples collected in the fall following seed rain. Soybean–corn crop rotation reduced in-field and seedbank horseweed densities vs. continuous soybean in the third and fourth yr of this experiment. Preplant herbicides applied in the spring were more effective at reducing horseweed plant densities than when applied in the previous fall. Spring-applied, residual herbicide systems were the most effective at reducing season-long in-field horseweed densities and protecting crop yields since the growth habit of horseweed in this region is primarily as a summer annual. Management systems also influenced the GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype population structure after 4 yr of management. The most dramatic shift was from the initial GR : GS ratio of 3 : 1 to a ratio of 1 : 6 after 4 yr of residual preplant herbicide use followed by non-glyphosate postemergence herbicides.

Response of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) to varying seeding rates and nitrogen fertilizer rates in a no-till cropping system in Saskatchewan

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.E. May ◽  
M.P. Dawson ◽  
C.L. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
No Till ◽  
Rate Study ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
Precision Planting ◽  
N Rates

In the past, most sunflower research was conducted in tilled cropping systems and was based on wide row configurations established using precision planters. Little agronomic information is available for the no-till systems predominant in Saskatchewan, where crops are typically seeded in narrow rows using an air drill. Two studies were conducted in Saskatchewan to determine the optimum seeding and nitrogen (N) rates for short-season sunflowers in a no-till cropping system. The N rate study used 5 N rates (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 kg N ha−1) with the hybrid 63A21. The seeding rate study used 7 seeding rates (37 000, 49 000, 61 000, 74 000, 86 000, 98 000, and 111 000 seeds ha−1) with two cultivars, AC Sierra (open pollinated) and 63A21 (hybrid). There was a linear yield increase as the N rate increased from 10 to 90 kg N ha−1. Based on the N rates tested in this study and current N fertilizer costs below $1 kg−1, sunflower yields and gross returns were most favorable at 90 kg N ha−1. Future N response research with a wider range of N rates is warranted to best determine the optimum N rate. The optimum seeding rate was between 98 000 and 111 000 seeds ha−1 for AC Sierra and between 74 000 and 86 000 seeds ha−1 for 63A21. The optimum plant density, approximately 70 000 to 75 000 plants ha−1, was similar for both cultivars. These results are higher than the current recommended seeding rates for wide-row precision planting systems in areas with a longer growing season.

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