Vegetative propagation of kura clover: A field-scale test

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Kura Clover ◽  
Source Field ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Survival And Growth

Baker, J. M. 2012. Vegetative propagation of kura clover: a field-scale test. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1245–1251. Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a potentially valuable forage legume, but it has been underutilized. A major reason is the difficulty of establishing it from seed. Since kura is rhizomatous, there have been attempts to propagate it vegetatively, but no reports of success at the field scale. Two harvesting methods were tested to transplant material from a mature 17-ha field to a newly tilled 17-ha field: a bermudagrass sprigger that harvests bare rhizome sprigs, and a potato digger that harvests crowns and rhizomes, along with soil. The harvested propagules were distributed over the new field in July 2010 with a manure spreader, then disked and packed. Survival and growth were observed for the remainder of 2010 and through 2011, and recovery of the source field was also monitored. The material harvested with the sprigger did not compete well with weeds and had virtually disappeared by midsummer 2011, but the material harvested with the potato digger thrived, steadily increasing to nearly 80% of the biomass in the new field by the 3rd cutting in summer 2011. Properly done, vegetative propagation is a viable option for kura clover establishment.

Vegetative establishment of Kura clover

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Sheaffer ◽  
R. D. Mathison ◽  
P. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Kura Clover ◽  
Perennial Legume

Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a rhizomatous perennial legume that is often challenging to establish from seed. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of planting date (early April, late April, and mid-May), plant material (rhizomes and rhizomes with buds), and rhizome planting density (11, 44, and 178 plants m-2) on establishment of Kura clover. Establishment of the clover was enhanced by early April planting using rhizomes with buds. Kura clover populations increased with increased rhizome planting densities. Establishment of Kura clover at a rhizome density of 178 rhizome m-2 has the potential to provide yield and stands similar to broadcast seeding. Key words: Kura Clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), vegetative propagation

Simulations of In-Situ Upgrading Process: Interpretation of Laboratory Experiments and Study of Field-Scale Test

SPE Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 2711-2730
Author(s):  
A.. Perez–Perez ◽  
M.. Mujica Chacín ◽  
I.. Bogdanov ◽  
A.. Brisset ◽  
O.. Garnier
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Scale Test

Summary In–situ upgrading (IU) is a promising method of improved viscous– and heavy–oil recovery. The IU process implies a reservoir heating up and exposure to a temperature higher than 300°C for a time period long enough to promote a series of chemical reactions. The pyrolysis reactions produce lighter oleic and gaseous components, while a solid residue remains underground. In this work, we developed a numerical model of IU using laboratory experience (kinetics measurements and core experiments) and validated the results by applying our model to an IU field–scale test published in the literature. Finally, we studied different operational conditions in a search for energy–efficient configurations. In this work, two types of IU experimental data are used from two vertical–tube experiments with Canadian bitumen cores (0.15 and 0.69 m). A general IU numerical model for the different experimental setups has been developed and compared with experimental data, using a commercial reservoir–simulator framework. This model is capable of representing the phase distribution of pseudocomponents, the thermal decomposition reactions of bitumen fractions, and the generation of gases and residue (solid) under thermal cracking conditions. Simulation results for the cores exposed to a temperature of 380°C and production pressure of 15 bar have shown that oil production (per pseudocomponent) and oil–sample quality were well–predicted by the model. Some differences in gas production and total solid residue were observed with respect to laboratory measurements. Computer–assisted history matching was performed using an uncertainty–analysis tool with the most–important model parameters. To better understand IU field–scale test results, the Shell Viking pilot (Peace River) was modeled and analyzed with the proposed IU model. The appropriate gridblock size was determined and the calculation time was reduced using the adaptive mesh–refinement (AMR) technique. The quality of products, the recovery efficiency, and the energy expenses obtained with our model were in good agreement with the field test results. In addition, the conversion results (upgraded oil, gas, and solid residue) from the experiments were compared with those obtained in the field test. Additional analysis was performed to identify energy–efficient configurations and to understand the role of some key variables (e.g., heating period and rate and the production pressure) in the global IU upgrading performance. We discuss these results, which illustrate and quantify the interplay between energy efficiency and productivity indicators.

Partitioning Tracers for Measuring Residual NAPL: Field-Scale Test Results

1998 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Annable ◽  
P. S. C. Rao ◽  
Kirk Hatfield ◽  
Wendy D. Graham ◽  
A. L. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Partitioning Tracers

Texasweed (Caperonia palustris) Can Survive and Reproduce in 30-cm Flood

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Godara ◽  
Billy J. Williams ◽  
Eric P. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Biomass Reduction ◽  
Plot Design

Texasweed is an annual broadleaf plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family and is an emerging problem in southern U.S. rice fields. Field studies were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to study the effect of flood depth on Texasweed survival and growth. The trearments were five flood depths: 0, 10, 15, 20, and 30 cm and two Texasweed growth stages: two- to three-leaf stage and four- to five-leaf stage. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized split-plot design with three replications. Flooding conditions were created by placing potted plants in 1.3 m by 0.7 m by 0.7 m polyvinyl chloride troughs. The effect of flood depth on Texasweed growth and fruit production was evaluated using ANOVA and regression analysis. Texasweed plants were able to survive in floods up to 30 cm; however, growth and fruit production were reduced. Increasing flood depths resulted in increased plant height and greater biomass allocation to stem. Texasweed plants produced adventitious roots and a thick spongy tissue, secondary aerenchyma, in the submerged roots and stem, which may play a role in its survival under flooded conditions. The recommended flood depth for rice in Louisiana is 5 to 10 cm. A 10-cm flood in the present study caused about 30 and 15% biomass reduction in two- to three-leaf and four- to five-leaf stage Texasweed, respectively. The results, thus, suggest that flooding alone may not be a viable option for Texasweed management in drill-seeded rice. However, appropriate manipulation of flooding could enhance the effectiveness of POST herbicides. This aspect needs further investigation.

Combining Kura Clover with Forage Legumes and Grasses to Optimize Pasture Forage Legume Content

2012 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heathcliffe Riday ◽  
Kenneth A. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Kura Clover

Chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seguin and A. F. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Kura Clover ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
True Protein

Kura clover is a perennial rhizomatous forage legume mainly used for grazing in permanent pastures. A study was conducted to determine the ensiling potential of Kura clover by comparing the chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled forage of two cultivars (Cossack and Endura). Ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling forages in mini-silos for 50 d. Ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled forages were determined by the nylon bag technique using two lactating cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. Results showed that silages of both cultivars were well preserved as indicated by low pH and high lactic acid concentration. Cultivar had little effect on the chemical composition of Kura clover silage. However, ensiling increased (P < 0.05) soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and reduced (P < 0.05) neutral and acid detergent insoluble protein fractions. Ensiling increased NPN and reduced true protein by 87 and 29%, respectively. Results of the in situ study indicated that cultivar had no effect on effective ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), an d neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Relative to fresh forage, ensiled Kura clover had similar effective ruminal degradability of DM (712 g kg-1 of DM) and NDF (417 g kg-1 of NDF) but a higher (P < 0.05) effective ruminal degradability of CP (806 vs. 725 g kg-1 of CP). It was concluded that Kura clover may be preserved as silage with minimal alterations in forage quality. These findings will increase the acceptability of Kura clover by widening possible utilizations. Key words: Forage quality, Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.), protein fractions, ruminal degradability, silage

scholarly journals Turfgrass Species Affect the Establishment and Bloom of Kura Clover (Trifolium ambiguum) in Lawns

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 824-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Lane ◽  
Eric Watkins ◽  
Marla Spivak
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Kura Clover

Lawns represent one of the largest cultivated areas in urban landscapes, and in the Upper Midwest of the United States, lawns are typically composed of a small number of cool-season turfgrass species. There is increased interest in enhancing areas dedicated to lawns using flowering species for conservation purposes—for example, to support pollinators. In this study we used a model flowering forb, Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), because—like many flowering species of conservation interest—it is slow to establish and is sensitive to grass competition. We varied the Kura clover seeding rate into four different turfgrass species treatments: kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), hard fescue (Festuca brevipila Tracy), tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.], and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in two separate trials. Establishment and bloom of Kura clover was significantly greater in trial 1 for kentucky bluegrass and hard fescue than tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. In trial 2, Kura clover established significantly greater in kentucky bluegrass compared with tall fescue and perennial ryegrass, whereas Kura establishment in hard fescue was not significantly different from the other treatments. The seeding rate of Kura clover did not affect establishment in either trial. The results from this study suggest kentucky bluegrass and hard fescue are promising turf companion grasses for future forb/turf interseeding research.

Kura clover forage yield, forage quality, and stand dynamics

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Sheaffer ◽  
G. C. Marten
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Kura Clover ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Perennial Legume

Persistent legumes are needed for livestock production in the northern U.S.A. and Canada. We compared forage yield, forage quality and stands of kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), a rhizomatous perennial legume, with commonly grown forage legumes. Kura clover had lower initial stands and yields than most other legumes, but was ultimately among the highest yielding legumes and had greater stand persistence and higher forage digestibility than other legumes when subjected to a diversity of cutting schedules. Key words: Kura clover, forage yield, cutting schedules, persistence

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