Combining Kura Clover with Forage Legumes and Grasses to Optimize Pasture Forage Legume Content

2012 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heathcliffe Riday ◽  
Kenneth A. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Kura Clover

scholarly journals Competition Effects and Productivity in Oat–Forage Legume Relay Intercropping Systems under Organic Farming Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Viktorija Gecaitė ◽  
Aušra Arlauskienė ◽  
Jurgita Cesevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Competition Effects ◽  
Productivity Indicators

Cereal-legume intercropping is important in many low-input agricultural systems. Interactions between combinations of different plant species vary widely. Field experiments were conducted to determine yield formation regularities and plant competition effects of oat (Avena sativa L.)–black medick (Medicago lupulina L.), oat–white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and oat–Egyptian clover (T. alexandrinum L.) under organic farming conditions. Oats and forage legumes were grown in mono- and intercrops. Aboveground dry matter (DM) measured at flowering, development of fruit and ripened grain, productivity indicators, oat grain yield and nutrient content were established. The results showed that oats dominated in the intercropping systems. Oat competitive performance (CPo), which is characterized by forage legumes aboveground mass reduction compared to monocrops, were 91.4–98.9. As the oats ripened, its competitiveness tendency to declined. In oat–forage legume intercropping systems, the mass of weeds was significantly lower compared to the legume monocrops. Oats and forage legumes competed for P, but N and K accumulation in biomass was not significantly affected. We concluded that, in relay intercrop, under favourable conditions, the forage legumes easily adapted to the growth rhythm and intensity of oats and does not adverse effect on their grain yield.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance of two temperate and two tropical forage legume hays fed to New Zealand white rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
T. T. Akpensuen ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
R. J. Tanko ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
O. A. T. Namo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

An experiment was carried out to evaluate two temperate forage legumes (Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) and two tropical forage legumes (Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema molle) for hay intake and digestibility in the cool tropical climate of Vom, Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria. The legumes were planted in the month of June, 2016 and harvested at early-podding stage for hay. Sixteen (16) growing male New Zealand White rabbits were used for the digestibility study. The rabbits were arranged in a Completely Randomised Design and in individual cages measuring 55 cm x 39 cm x 40 cm. Nutrient contents, intake and digestibility in rabbits were determined. Crude protein content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T. repens (18.38%) compared to T. pratense (16.50 %), whereas S. guianensis produced the least value of 13.83%. The crude fibre content of the hay was significantly higher (P<0.0I) in S. guianensis (37.29 %) compared to the other forage legumes. Dry matter intake was significantly (P<0.01) higher in rabbits fed T. repens (77.88%) compared to T. pratense (76.57%), and the lowest value of 62.97% was obtained in S. guianensis. Crude protein intake was significantly (P<0.01) higher in rabbits fed T. repens (15.05 g d-1) compared to those fed T. pratense (12.71 g d-1), but S. guianensis had the least value of 8.64 g d-1. On the other hand, rabbits fed S. guianensis hay had a higher (P<0.01) crude fibre intake (23.39%). Trifolium repens was significantly (P<0.01) higher in dry matter and crude protein digestibility (64.79 and 85. 88 %), while S. guianensis had lower values of 56.89 and 71.33%, respectively. Trifolium repens also had a significantly (P<0.01) higher total nitrogen intake and retained compared to the other forage legumes. Nitrogen retained in T. repens was 2.40 g d-1 compared to 1.87 g d-1 in T. pretense, while S. guianensis had the lowest of 1.34 g d-1. The temperate forage legume hays were higher in nutrient content, intake and digestibility compared to the tropical legume hays. Therefore, the forage crops may serve as better supplementary feeds for livestock feeding especially during the dry season.

Dietary preferences of sambar (Cervus unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) offered browse, forage legume and grass species

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Semiadil ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
P. D. Muir ◽  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Deer Species

SUMMARYGrazing sambar and red deer in New Zealand were offered a free choice of seven different plant species (forage legumes, browse and grasses) in 1992 and 1993 and dietary preference rankings were determined. Nutritive value of plants on offer and diet selected, plant height, plant species purity and stem diameter selected (browse only) were also determined. Total nitrogen (N) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were highest for red clover, lowest for grasses and intermediate for browse species (willow, poplar and lupin). Top dietary preference ranking was willow for sambar and red clover for red deer in both years, with Yorkshire fog and prairie grass being lowly preference ranked with both deer species. Sambar selected willow stems up to 38 mm in diameter and poplar stems up to 54 mm in diameter. When the plants were grouped into browse, grass and forage legume categories, both deer species showed a similar preference ranking for grasses. Relative to grasses, sambar showed a strong preference for browse and a low preference for forage legumes, whilst red deer showed a strong preference for forage legumes of high nutritive value and a very low preference for browse. It was calculated that sambar selected a total diet higher in condensed tannins and lignin but lower in nitrogen than that selected by red deer, with similar values for total fibre and OMD. Differences in dietary preference between the two deer species may be linked with the greater ability of sambar deer to neutralize some plant secondary compounds and their more efficient rumination pattern compared with red deer. Both sambar and red deer can be classified as intermediate feeders, having a similar preference for grasses, but differing preferences for forage legumes and browse.

ON-FARM TRIALS WITH FORAGE LEGUME–BARLEY COMPARED WITH FALLOW–BARLEY ROTATIONS AND CONTINUOUS BARLEY IN NORTH-WEST SYRIA

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CHRISTIANSEN ◽  
M. BOUNEJMATE ◽  
F. BAHHADY ◽  
E. THOMSON ◽  
B. MAWLAWI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
North West ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Total Crude Protein ◽  
On Farm

Over a period of seven years farmers participated in trials in which common vetch (Vicia sativa (V)) or chickling (Lathyrus sativus (C)) replaced the fallow in a barley (Hordeum vulgare)–fallow rotation (F) or were introduced into continuous barley cropping (B) – giving a total of four rotations, B–F, B–B, B–V and B–C. Trials on 4 ha, 2 ha per phase of each rotation, were replicated on 6–8 farms. Some vetch and chickling crops were grazed in spring. Mean seven-year dry matter yields were 2.91 t ha−1 for B–F, 4.82 t for B–B, 5.02 t for B–C and 5.32 t for B–V; total crude protein outputs were twice as high from rotations including legumes; and the B–V rotation yielded most metabolizable energy. Realizing the benefit, farmers started to adopt vetch. In 1991 three farmers were growing vetch on 7 ha but by 1997 174 farmers in 15 villages were growing vetch on 420 ha. Forage legumes will not, however, become more widely grown until inexpensive and efficient mechanized methods of harvesting the mature crop are available in order to avoid the high cost of hand labour. Drought and cold tolerance, early maturation and high harvest index may also enhance farmers' interest in forage legumes.

Performance of Kura clover compared to that of perennial forage legumes traditionally cultivated in central Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Andrzejewska ◽  
Francisco E. Contreras-Govea ◽  
Anna Pastuszka ◽  
Kenneth A. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Kura Clover

Waterlogging tolerance and recovery of 10 Lotus species

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Real ◽  
Jonathan Warden ◽  
Graeme A. Sandral ◽  
Timothy D. Colmer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Perennial Legume

Medicago sativa L. is the most widely sown perennial forage legume in farming systems of southern Australia. However, M. sativa lacks adaptation to winter waterlogged conditions. This constraint has highlighted the need for new perennial forage legumes adapted to winter waterlogged conditions and to locations where the summer is too dry for the survival of Trifolium repens L. and T. fragiferum L. To explore new perennial legume options suitable for these circumstances, 10 species of Lotus were evaluated for waterlogging tolerance including: two accessions of L. corniculatus L., four accessions of L. tenuis Waldst. & Kit., two accessions of L. pedunculatus Cav., two accessions of L. australis Andrew, three accessions of L. creticus L., three accessions of L. glaucus Sol., one accession of L. cruentus Court., one accession of L. argyrodes R.P. Murray, one accession of L. campylocladus Webb & Berthel and one accession of L. latifolius Brand. These were compared with the M. sativa cultivar Sceptre. The ability to grow in waterlogged conditions, and to recover, was assessed in a pot experiment conducted over 19 weeks. The Lotus species most tolerant of waterlogging were L. corniculatus, L. tenuis and L. pedunculatus. Each of these species developed aerenchyma, adventitious roots, surface roots and split stems at the base to improve oxygen transport into the roots. Significant intra-species variation was also found within each of the three tolerant species, highlighting the opportunity for genetic improvement. By comparison, the remaining Lotus species were susceptible to waterlogging and showed poor recovery, whereas M. sativa Sceptre partially recovered after waterlogging.

The potential contribution of selected forage legume pastures to cereal production in crop-livestock farming systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Tarawali ◽  
M. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Native Pasture

SUMMARYThe potential of 3-year-old grazed pastures ofStylosanthes hamata, Chamaecrista rotundifoliaandCentrosema pascuorumto contribute to subsequent maize production was investigated in subhumid Nigeria in 1993. All three legume pastures had the ability to give better maize grain yields than native pasture but this was significant only forStylosanthes hamataandChamaecrista rotundifolia. For the legume species, maximum yield of maize per kg of N applied was attained at 60 kgN/ha. The subsequent yields of maize could be related to the legume species used, pasture management and the length of the fallow period.Centrosema pascuorumbehaved as an annual, and as such there was little legume present after 3 years; crop yield was therefore relatively low. Nevertheless, this species could be useful in 1-year fallow/pasture situations. Maize cropping was economically viable for legume plots only with 60 or 120 kgN/ha and not for native pasture. There were no significant differences in the time required to till or to weed legume pastures as compared with native pasture. Forage legume pastures could also have a positive effect on maize residue yields which represent a fodder resource in addition to the herbage understorey remaining after cropping, the quality of which could be enhanced by the presence of the forage legumes. The use of forage legumes for the promotion of both crop and livestock production in sustainable agricultural systems is discussed. The results of the study are used to highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate legume species, pasture management practices and duration of fallow period in relation to the prevailing farming system to maximize benefits from the legumes.

Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia): a beneficial forage legume

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Hayot Carbonero ◽  
Irene Mueller-Harvey ◽  
Terence A. Brown ◽  
Lydia Smith
Keyword(s):  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Modern Breeding

TheOnobrychisgenus comprises a few agronomically important forage legume species, with sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) being the most widespread.O. viciifoliahas a long history of traditional culture worldwide, but its use has declined in western countries over the last decades. It suffers from low productivity and is more difficult to maintain than other legumes but is known to have valuable characteristics such as palatability and drought tolerance. Recent studies suggest that it has several other highly beneficial properties due to its unique tannin and polyphenol composition. Condensed tannins present inOnobrychisspecies have been shown to confer anthelmintic properties, increase protein utilization and prevent bloating; they may also have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Positive effects on wildlife and honey production could also be advantageous in the context of sustainable farming. Modern breeding programmes have not been a priority, leading to a lack of genetic knowledge in comparison to extensively used forage legumes. It is expected that potential forO. viciifoliaimprovements could be achieved by rigorous characterization of the available germplasm and utilization of characters derived from close relatives of the genus. Breeding priorities for the future would include enhanced germination and improved early establishment, allied to the best anthelmintic properties observed in some varieties.

scholarly journals Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content and Grain Yields of Organically Grown Cereals as Affected by a Strip Tillage and Forage Legume Intercropping

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1453
Author(s):  
Aušra Arlauskienė ◽  
Viktorija Gecaitė ◽  
Monika Toleikienė ◽  
Lina Šarūnaitė ◽  
Žydrė Kadžiulienė
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
Strip Intercropping

Reducing tillage intensity and increasing crop diversity by including perennial legumes is an agrotechnical practice that strongly affects the soil environment. Strip tillage may be beneficial in the forage legume–cereals intercropping system due to more efficient utilization of biological nitrogen. Field experiments were conducted on a clay loam Cambisol to determine the effect of forage legume–winter wheat strip tillage intercropping on soil nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3) content and cereal productivity in various sequences of rotation in organic production systems. Forage legumes (Medicago lupulina L., Trifolium repens L., T. alexandrinum L.) grown in pure and forage legume–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) strip tillage intercrops were studied. Conventional deep inversion tillage was compared to strip tillage. Nitrogen supply to winter wheat was assessed by the change in soil nitrate nitrogen content (N-NO3) and total N accumulation in yield (grain and straw). Conventional tillage was found to significantly increase N-NO3 content while cultivating winter wheat after forage legumes in late autumn (0–30 cm layer), after growth resumption in spring (30–60 cm), and in autumn after harvesting (30–60 cm). Soil N-NO3 content did not differ significantly between winter wheat strip sown in perennial legumes or oat stubble. Winter wheat grain yields increased with increasing N-NO3 content in soil. The grain yield was not significantly different when comparing winter wheat–forage legume strip intercropping (without mulching) to strip sowing in oat stubble. In forage legume–winter wheat strip intercropping, N release from legumes was weak and did not meet wheat nitrogen requirements.

scholarly journals Recovery and seeds germination of four important tropical forage legumes in bovine dung

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Bruno Borges Deminicis ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
Saulo Alberto do Carmo Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
Butterfly Pea ◽  
Bovine Feces ◽  
Seeds Germination

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the recovery and survival of tropical forage legume seeds (butterfly pea, stylosanthes, perennial soybean and macrotiloma) subjected through the digestive tract of cattle and to evaluate the germination of the seeds in feces of cattle. A 50 g of seed mixed with 150 g of mineral supplement offered to the cattle. Each cattle was considered as repetition. The bovine feces collected up to 60 hours after eating the seeds, where the seeds separated by sieves, using water, gloves procedure and tweezers. Later, they counted and divided into intact and swollen. For the germination test of the recovered seeds, 75 seeds per replicate were used (25 in natura, 25 intact and 25 swollen seeds, respectively). For the germination test in fecal plates, the bovine feces collected between 12 and 30 hours after eating the seeds. After 120 days, we evaluated the total amount of plants emerged within the study period (between 12 and 30 hours) and the average number of emerged plants per fecal signs. The results showed that cattle are facilitating the dispersion of butterfly pea, macrotyloma and perennial soybean, but not stylosanthes. The highest survival as the average number of germinated plants in fecal plates achieved by macrotyloma, followed by butterfly pea species and perennial soybean. The cattle were efficient in the pasture colonization process, due to the considerable dispersion of the seeds. This dispersion was not observed for seeds of stylosanthes.

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