Field assessment of partial resistance to mycosphaerella blight in Pisum subspecies accessions

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Conner ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Production Areas

Conner, R. L., Gossen, B. D., Hwang, S. F., Chang, K. F., McRae, K. B. and Penner, W. C. 2012. Field assessment of partial resistance to mycosphaerella blight in Pisum subspecies accessions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 289–296. Mycosphaerella blight, caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. & Bloxam) Vestergr., the teleomorph of Ascochyta pinodes Jones, is an important foliar disease of field pea in the major production areas of the world. Partial resistance to mycosphaerella blight has been reported in some field pea cultivars, but, at best, they are only moderately susceptible. A 3-yr field study was conducted to evaluate the mycosphaerella blight reactions of 28 accessions from a number of subspecies of Pisum sativum L. and one accession of P. fulvum Sibth. A few of the accessions carried mutations for the genes af, tl, and st that affect the morphology of the leaflets, stipules and tendrils. Reactions to mycosphaerella blight were characterized based on the mean of the severity ratings taken on the two final assessment dates before the crop matured and also on the change in mycosphaerella blight severity between these two dates. In many of the accessions, severity ratings were similar to that of the moderately susceptible check cultivar, CDC Peko, while a few had high severity ratings similar to those of the susceptible check cultivars. The accession PI 512079, which has small stipules, branched petioles with many leaflets but no tendrils, had the lowest ratings for mycosphaerella blight severity. Four other accessions exhibited the smallest change in mycosphaerella blight severity at the end of the growing season. Differences in leaf morphology likely influenced the change in disease severity, since all the semi-leafless and leafless accessions had smaller changes in mycosphaerella blight severity than the susceptible check cultivars. In a detached leaf assay with two isolates of Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. & Bloxam) Vestergr., the smallest lesions formed on PI 512079, but otherwise the results failed to show a relationship with the observed severity values in the field trials.

scholarly journals Effect of mancozeb on the control of mycosphaerella blight of field pea

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Warkentin ◽  
A. G. Xue ◽  
D. W. McAndrew
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Plot Design

Mycosphaerella blight (MB) [Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. & Blox.)Vestergr.] causes substantial yield loss to field pea in western Canada in most seasons and is a disease for which genetic resistance is lacking. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of foliar application of mancozeb for the control of MB of field pea. Field trials of split-plot design were conducted at two sites per year from 1996 to 1998 in southern Manitoba, with cultivars as main-plots and fungicide treatments as sub-plots. In most site-years, a single application of mancozeb at the early flowering stage was effective in reducing MB severity and in increasing yield. Mancozeb had similar efficacy to chlorothalonil, the only currently registered fungicide for control of MB in field pea. The beneficial effect of both fungicides was greater for the highly MB susceptible cultivars AC Tamor and Carrera than the moderately MB susceptible cultivar Radley. Key words: Pisum sativum, field pea, mycosphaerella blight, mancozeb, chlorothalonil

Impact of seeding rate and depth on mycosphaerella blight and seed yield of field pea

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
H. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
The Impact

Mycosphaerella blight (Mycosphaerella pinodes) occurs throughout western Canada and can severely reduce field pea (Pisum sativum) seed yield. Field trials were conducted at two sites (Edmonton, AB, and Morden, MB) from 2001 to 2003 to assess the impact of seeding rate and seeding depth on blight severity. Mycosphaerella blight severity in the canopy was greater at higher seeding rates; treatments seeded at 30 plants m-2 had lower levels of disease than those seeded at more than 100 seeds m-2. However, yield potential was reduced at low seeding densities. Depth of seeding did not affect seedling density, disease severity, yield or final seed weight. In addition, field trials were conducted at Edmonton to quantify yield losses associated with mycosphaerella blight in Alberta. In trials inoculated with M. pinodes, application of a foliar fungicide (chlorothalonil) increased yield by about 20% over the unprotected control. Key words: Pisum, Mycosphaerella, fungicide, crop management, yield loss

Partial resistance to Mycosphaerella pinodes in field pea

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Xue ◽  
T. D. Warkentin
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Low Area ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Field Plots

The responses of 335 field pea lines originating from more than 30 countries to mycosphaerella blight caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes were evaluated in inoculated field plots in 1994 and 1995. Seven lines (Baccara, Carneval, Danto, Majoret, Miko, PI273605, and Yellowhead) with low area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) scores were identified. These seven lines, along with the resistant check, Radley, and the susceptible check, 89–195, were further examined for components of partial resistance to the disease in 1996 and 1998. Components evaluated were leaf area with symptoms (LAS), stem area with symptoms (SAS), pod area with symptoms (PAS), and percent seed infection (SI). Differences among pea lines were found in all components. Compared with the susceptible check, Carneval had significantly lower LAS, PAS, and SI in both years and was considered partially resistant to leaf, pod, and seed infection; Danto had significantly lower LAS, SAS, and PAS and was partially resistant to leaf, stem, and pod infection; Yellowhead had significantly lower SAS, PAS, and SI and was partially resistant to stem, pod, and seed infection; Majoret had significantly lower LAS and SAS and was partially resistant to leaf and stem infection; Miko had significantly lower SAS and PAS and was partially resistant to stem and pod infection; PI273605 had significantly lower PAS and SI and was partially resistant to pod and seed infection; and Baccara and Radley had significantly lower SAS and were partially resistant to stem infection only. Plots of Baccara and Yellowhead inoculated with M. pinodes-infected stubble had 10 and 17% reduction in yield, respectively, compared with non-inoculated and fungicide-treated plots and, thus, were considered tolerant to the disease. The remaining lines had yield reductions of 30 to 49%. Key words: Mycosphaerella blight, Mycosphaerella pinodes, Pisum sativum, field pea, partial resistance, disease tolerance

scholarly journals In-Furrow Applications of Metalaxyl and Phosphite for Control of Pink Rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) of Potato in New Brunswick, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1305-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil I. Al-Mughrabi ◽  
Rick D. Peters ◽  
H. W. (Bud) Platt ◽  
Gilles Moreau ◽  
Appanna Vikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Pink Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Erythroseptica ◽  
Sensitive Isolate ◽  
The Mean

The efficacy of metalaxyl-m (Ridomil Gold 480EC) and phosphite (Phostrol) applied at planting in-furrow against pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) of potato (Solanum tuberosum) ‘Shepody’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ was evaluated in field trials conducted in 2005 and 2006 in Florenceville, New Brunswick, Canada. Inoculum made from a metalaxyl-m-sensitive isolate of P. erythroseptica from New Brunswick was applied either in-furrow as a vermiculite slurry at planting or as a zoospore drench in soils adjacent to potato plants in late August. After harvest, the number and weight of tubers showing pink rot symptoms were assessed and expressed as percentages of the total tuber number and total weight of tubers. Metalaxyl-m applied in-furrow was significantly more effective against pink rot than phosphite. The mean percentage of diseased tubers as a percentage of total tuber weight was 1.5% (2005) and 1.2% (2006) for metalaxyl-m-treated plots and 9.6% (2005) and 2.8% (2006) for phosphite-treated plots, a percentage similar to that obtained in inoculated control plots with no fungicide treatment. The mean percentage of diseased tubers expressed as a percentage of the total number of tubers was 1.7% (2005) and 1.3% (2006) for metalaxyl-m-treated plots and 10.1% (2005) and 3.1% (2006) for phosphite-treated plots. Disease incidence was significantly higher using the late-season inoculation technique (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 9.9 and 3.8% diseased tubers, by weight, and 10.6 and 3.9%, by number) than with the in-furrow inoculation method (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 3.3 and 0.7% by weight, and 3.7 and 1.3%, by number). The potato cv. Shepody was significantly more susceptible to pink rot (9.9 and 3.3% diseased tubers, by weight, in 2005 and 2006, respectively, and 10.6 and 3.9%, by number) than Russet Burbank (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 3.4,% and 1.2%, by weight, and 3.7,% and 1.2%, by number). Our findings indicate that metalaxyl applied in-furrow at planting is a viable option for control of pink rot caused by metalaxyl-sensitive strains of P. erythroseptica, whereas phosphite was ineffective.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Sensitivity and Efficacy of Fungicides with Different Modes of Action Against Botryosphaeria dothidea

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1785-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Song ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Zengbin Lu ◽  
Xingyuan Men ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogen ◽  
The Mean

Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agent of apple ring rot, is an important fungal plant pathogen that can cause serious reductions in crop yield, and fungicides still play a crucial role in management. In the present study, the sensitivity of B. dothidea to fludioxonil, fluazinam, and pyrisoxazole was assessed in 162 isolates. Moreover, the protective and curative activity of the three fungicides on detached apple fruit as well as the control efficacy in the field were determined. The results showed that the mean 50% effective concentration (EC50) values (± standard deviation) were 0.01 ± 0.008, 0.04 ± 0.03, and 0.02 ± 0.01 μg ml−1, with individual EC50 values of 0.002 to 0.05, 0.003 to 0.19, and 0.005 to 0.26 μg ml−1 for fludioxonil, fluazinam, and pyrisoxazole, respectively. In addition, the frequency distributions of EC50 values were both unimodal curves. However, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were found between fludioxonil and iprodione, between fluazinam and iprodione, as well as between pyrisoxazole and difenoconazole. In field trials conducted during 2016 and 2017, the control efficacy ranged from 75.91 to 87.41% when fludioxonil was applied at 100 to 150 mg active ingredient (a.i.) kg−1, 81.90 to 85.13% when fluazinam was applied at 400 mg a.i. kg−1, and 77.43 to 80.97% when pyrisoxazole was applied at 400 mg a.i. kg−1. The control efficacy of the fungicides in storage was higher than 60%, with the exception of fluazinam. These results demonstrated that fludioxonil, fluazinam, and pyrisoxazole have considerable potential to control apple ring rot.

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Disease Pressure

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Gossen, B. D., Turnbull, G. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2013. Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 619–625. Fusarium seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in the stand density of field pea in western Canada. In greenhouse experiments, emergence decreased and root rot severity rose with increasing inoculum density. In field trials in 2007 and 2008 near Edmonton, AB, seeding at different depths and seeding dates did not consistently affect emergence or yield in Fusarium-infested soils. In field experiments, emergence declined significantly with each increase in inoculum level. Also, seed yield were reduced at high levels of disease pressure. Treatment of seed with Apron Maxx improved emergence, nodulation and yield of treatments challenged with inoculum of F. avenaceum in both greenhouse and field experiments. This research demonstrates the need to prevent seedling blight and root rot through proper seed treatment.

Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root rot complex of field pea

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Pea Root Rot ◽  
Better Than

The efficacy of seed treatments with bioagent ACM941 (a strain of Clonostachys rosea), its formulated products GB116 and ACM941-Pro, and common fungicides for the control of pea root rot complex were examined in six field trials in western Canada from 1996 to 2000. The effects on seedling emergence, root rot severity, and yield varied among years. In trials 1 and 2 (1996–1997), none of the treatments significantly reduced root rot severity or increased yield. ACM941 + Thiram 75WP was the most effective treatment, increasing emergence by 17.4% and was significantly better than that of the untreated controls. In trials 3 and 4 (1997–1998), Apron FL alone and ACM941 + Apron FL were significantly better than the untreated control, increasing emergence by 6.2 and 7.7%, and yield by 10.8 and 11.5%, respectively. In trials 5 and 6 (1999–2000), AC M 941 and GB116 were equally the most effective treatments, increasing emergence by 11.5 and 12.2%, and yield by 8.2 and 6.3%, respectively. These effects were significantly greater than that of the untreated control, but not significantly different from those of Apron FL or Vitaflo-280. ACM941-Pro was developed and tested in 2000 only, and it increased emergence by 17.1% and reduced root rot severity by 29.6%. Key words: Bioagent, Clonostachys rosea, field pea, Pisum sativum, pea root rot complex (PRRC), seed treatment, fungicide

scholarly journals Results of Classification of Korean Triage And Acute Scale of Patients Visiting The Emergency Department

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeongmin Jang ◽  
Sung Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Emergency Department Stay ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BackgroundNot much is known about the results of the severity classification according to the time of visit to the emergency department and the appropriateness of using a public ambulance when visiting the emergency department.MethodsThis descriptive research study retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records of patients who visited the emergency department of the B general hospital in Seoul from January to December 2019.ResultsA total of 54,297 patients were included in the analysis. Of the total, 34,629 (63.8%) patients visited directly while 14,065 (25.9%) visited through public ambulances, and 10,328 (73.4%) of patients using public ambulances were discharged home. The numbers of daytime and nighttime patients were 24,891 (45.8%) and 29,406 (54.2%), respectively. The mean length of emergency department stay (LoS) of patients classified as emergency was 326 minutes, while that of non-emergency patients was 159 minutes. In addition, the mean LoS of patients classified as Korean triage and acuity scale levels 1 and 2 was 427 min and 430 min, respectively, which was longer than the total of 236 minutes.ConclusionWe confirmed that patients who visited the emergency department using public ambulances accounted for about 25% of all emergency department visits, and of which 70% were discharged home. In addition, patients with high severity showed a longer mean LoS, and daytime showed higher severity and more patients than nighttime.

Alternatives to Atrazine for Weed Management in Processing Sweet Corn

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubeyde Filiz Arslan ◽  
Martin M. Williams ◽  
Roger Becker ◽  
Vincent A. Fritz ◽  
R. Ed Peachey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Production Areas

Atrazine has been the most widely used herbicide in North American processing sweet corn for decades; however, increased restrictions in recent years have reduced or eliminated atrazine use in certain production areas. The objective of this study was to identify the best stakeholder-derived weed management alternatives to atrazine in processing sweet corn. In field trials throughout the major production areas of processing sweet corn, including three states over 4 yr, 12 atrazine-free weed management treatments were compared to three standard atrazine-containing treatments and a weed-free check. Treatments varied with respect to herbicide mode of action, herbicide application timing, and interrow cultivation. All treatments included a PRE application of dimethenamid. No single weed species occurred across all sites; however, weeds observed in two or more sites included common lambsquarters, giant ragweed, morningglory species, velvetleaf, and wild-proso millet. Standard treatments containing both atrazine and mesotrione POST provided the most efficacious weed control among treatments and resulted in crop yields comparable to the weed-free check, thus demonstrating the value of atrazine in sweet corn production systems. Timely interrow cultivation in atrazine-free treatments did not consistently improve weed control. Only two atrazine-free treatments consistently resulted in weed control and crop yield comparable to standard treatments with atrazine POST: treatments with tembotrione POST either with or without interrow cultivation. Additional atrazine-free treatments with topramezone applied POST worked well in Oregon where small-seeded weed species were prevalent. This work demonstrates that certain atrazine-free weed management systems, based on input from the sweet corn growers and processors who would adopt this technology, are comparable in performance to standard atrazine-containing weed management systems.

scholarly journals Yield Loss Associated with Different Levels of Stem Rust Resistance in Bread Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2531-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegwe Soko ◽  
Cornelia M. Bender ◽  
Renée Prins ◽  
Zacharias A. Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Different Levels

Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race Ug99 (syn. TTKSK) has been identified as a major threat to wheat production based on its broad virulence. Despite its importance, the effect of Ug99 on different types of resistance in wheat has not been thoroughly researched. In field trials conducted with P. graminis f. sp. tritici race PTKST (Ug99 race group) over 2 years, AUDPC differentiated the moderately susceptible variety SC Stallion (515) and susceptible entries SC Nduna (995) and Line 37-07 (1634) from those with adult plant resistance (APR). AUDPC of APR varieties W1406 (256), W6979 (399), and Kingbird (209) was higher than the mean of 25 recorded for the all stage resistant (ASR) variety SC Sky. In fungicide-protected and unprotected plots, race PTKST resulted in a mean yield loss of 21.3%, with susceptible Line 37-03 recording a 47.9% decrease in grain yield. Yield reduction in APR varieties reached 19.5% in W1406, whereas the ASR control SC Sky showed a mean loss of 6.4%. Although APR reduced the effects of stem rust on yield and yield components under conditions of high disease pressure, it did not provide the same protection as effective ASR.

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