Effects of age at photostimulation on reproductive efficiency and carcass characteristics. 2. Egg-type hens

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
T. A. Wautier ◽  
R. T. Hardin ◽  
J. L. Wilson ◽  
M. Newcombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Time Required

Increasing day length is the primary cue for the timing of sexual maturation in poultry. Typically, Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) pullets are reared under conditions of short days (8L:16D) until 18 wk of age. In this study, the effects of varying the age at photostimulation from 16, 18 or 20 wk of age were studied in terms of carcass composition at photostimulation and at sexual maturity, as well as reproductive performance.A flock of 1600 SCWL pullets (Shaver 288 strain) were housed in floor pens in light-tight facilities (8L:16D). All birds were provided with ad-libitum access to both feed and water. At 16 wk, 18 wk and 20 wk, 50 birds per treatment were moved to laying cages and provided to a photoperiod of 14L: 10D. An additional 288 birds per treatment were housed two birds per cage, and group egg production and feed consumption data were collected to 64 wk of age. At photostimulation (n = 20 birds per treatment) and on the day following the first oviposition, (n = 20 birds per treatment) birds were killed by cervical dislocation. All surviving hens were killed at 64 wk of age. All carcasses were studied in terms of selected organ weights and reproductive organ morphology. Birds killed at photostimulation and at sexual maturity were further studied for whole body carcass composition.Significant differences were found in dry matter, water, lipid and ash content among treatment groups at the age of photostimulation. As age at photostimulation increased, absolute weight of carcass fat, protein and ash increased. The percent carcass lipid content increased for all groups between photostimulation and sexual maturity with the 16 wk treatment group showing the largest increase. The time required to reach sexual maturity from the age of photostimulation decreased as the age at photostimulation increased. No significant differences were found in total egg production. The 16 wk group laid significantly smaller eggs. Delaying sexual maturity until 20 wk of age resulted in an increased prime sequence length and fewer pause days to produce approximately the same number of eggs as birds that were photostimulated at 16 wk of age. Key words: Chicken, egg-type hens, sexual maturity, egg production, carcass composition

Effects of age at photostimulation on reproductive efficiency and carcass characteristics. 1. Broiler breeder hens

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
T. A. Wautier ◽  
R. T. Hardin ◽  
N. A. Robinson ◽  
J. L. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Treatment Groups

The effect of age at photostimulation on carcass composition at photostimulation and at sexual maturity as well as its effect on subsequent reproductive performance in broiler breeders was investigated. A total of 600 broiler breeder pullets were reared in light-tight facilities. Skip-a-day feeding was used after 2 wk of age to limit body weight to levels suggested by the breeder. Limited daily feeding was initiated at the time of caging (time of photostimulation). The photoperiods used during rearing and lay were 8L:16D and 14L:10D, respectively. Forty birds were selected for study and moved to laying cages and photostimulated at 120, 130, 140, 150 or 160 d of age. Individual egg production records were kept until 60 wk of age. Twenty additional birds were killed for study of carcass composition and reproductive organ, morphology at the time of photostimulation and 20 others were killed at sexual maturity (first oviposition).As age at photostimulation increased, body weight and percent carcass lipid content increased while percent water and ash content decreased. No significant differences were found among treatment groups at photostimulation for carcass protein content. No significant differences were found in any carcass composition parameter at sexual maturity. All groups showed an increase in lipid content from photostimulation to sexual maturity, with the 120 d treatment group showing the largest increase. As age at photostimulation increased, the time from photostimulation to sexual maturity decreased. Total egg production, first egg weight, total egg mass produced, average fertility, hatchability and hatch of fertile did not differ significantly among treatment groups. Chick production was significantly higher in the 140-, 150- and 160-d treatment groups compared with the 120- and 130-d treatment groups. One explanation for the high rate of egg production seen in birds photostimulated at the older ages was that these birds reached sexual maturity with less between-bird variation. To take advantage of this improved flock uniformity, delaying photostimulation to 140 d of age or later is recommended. Key words: Chicken, broiler breeder, sexual maturity, egg production, hatchability, carcass composition

scholarly journals The Effect of Clove Oil Supplementation in Laying Hen Diets on Performance, Egg Quality, Some Blood Parameters, and Yolk TBARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2213-2218
Author(s):  
Melek Şehitoğlu ◽  
Hatice Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups

In this study, it was investigated the effect of clove oil supplementation at increasing levels into laying hens’ diets on performance, egg quality traits, some blood parameters and yolk TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reagent) values. For this purpose 96 Lohman white laying hens, 28 weeks of age, were divided into four treatment groups. Control group was fed with basal diet (C) and treatment groups were fed with diets formed by addition of clove oil at 50 ppm (CO1), 100 ppm (CO2) and 150 ppm (CO3), respectively. During the trial, feed and water were given as ad-libitum, and poultry house was illuminated for 17 hours. Experiment lasted for 13 weeks. Addition clove oil at increasing rates into diet did not affect the live weight. The data analysed as polynomial showed that supplementation of clove oil into layer diet linearly improved feed conversion ratio and increased the egg production. But, daily feed consumption, egg weight, damaged egg ratio and egg quality parameters were not affected by treatments. Serum parameters such as triglyceride, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and calcium were not affected by the clove oil supplementation. TBARS values in C, CO1, and CO2 were found higher than the CO3 group fed with diet including 150 ppm clove oil. In conclusion, clove oil at 150 ppm level in diets of laying hens could be used due to extend the egg shelf life and to decline serum cholesterol content.

Broiler breeder egg production and quality are affected by timing of increased dietary Ca relative to photostimulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
A. Petruk and D. R. Korver
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ash Weight

Ross 508 broiler breeder pullets (n = 400) were reared in floor pens in a light-tight facility with feed allocation based on breeder-recommended body weight targets. At 17 wk, 250 pullets within 15% of the mean weight were randomly assigned to individual cages in one of two environmentally controlled environments: 18°C (exp. 1, n = 125) or 28°C (exp. 2, n = 125). The pullets were photostimulated at 20 wk of age. At 2-wk intervals from 18 to 26 wk, successive groups of hens (n = 25 per environment) were switched from a 0.88% Ca grower diet to a 2.96% Ca breeder diet. Dietary treatment names were based on the time (in weeks) relative to photostimulation that the diet was changed from the grower to the breeder diet (PS – 2, PS, PS + 2, PS+4, and PS + 6, respectively). The hens were killed at 31 wk of age and one leg from each hen was taken for bone mineral analysis. The birds in both experiments maintained target body weights as recommended by the primary breeder; however, the hens in exp. 2 did not consume the allotted feed for the final 2 wk of the experiment. Dietary treatment did not affect feed consumption or body weight. Overall percent hen day production was not affected by dietary treatment in either experiment. In exp. 1, hens in the PS + 4 and PS + 6 treatments produced larger eggs and hens in the PS + 4 treatment produced eggs with greater shell weights. Shell weight as a percentage of egg weight was significantly lower from the PS + 6 hens than the other dietary treatment groups. The PS + 4 treatment resulted in the highest bone Ca as a percentage of ash weight, indicating that changing the diet 4 wk after photostimulation was the optimal time to increase bone Ca reserves in that environment. In exp. 2, the PS + 6 treatment had the highest egg weight whereas birds in the PS and PS + 2 treatment groups had the highest shell weights. Percent shell was the lowest in the PS + 6 and PS + 4 treatment groups overall, although it was only significantly different until 27.4 wk of age. Ca as a percentage of bone weight was lowest in the PS + 2 and PS + 6 treatment groups and Ca as a percentage of ash was lowest in the PS + 2 treatment group. Overall, the results suggest that improper timing of increasing dietary Ca either before or too long after photostimulation decreased eggshell quality and bone characteristics. Elevated environmental temperature appeared to exacerbate these effects; therefore, the change from a low-Ca grower to a high-Ca breeder diet must be made with greater precision in hot climates. Key words: Broiler breeder, photostimulation, dietary calcium, calcium metabolism, heat stress

scholarly journals Conservation of purelines and their performances under research farm condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
MA Rashid ◽  
MS Rana ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
S Faruque ◽  
H Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pure Lines

The study was conducted at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute to evaluate the productive and reproductive performances of 4 pure lines conserving for the production of next generation. A total of 2000 pedigree hatched day-old chicks were wing banded and reared up to 40 weeks of age. Data were kept on daily feed intake (g/bird/day), weekly body weight (g), age at sexual maturity (days), daily egg production (%) and egg weight (g). There were highly significant differences (p<0.01) in body weight at 38 weeks, age at sexual maturity, egg production up to 40 weeks and egg weight at 38 weeks of age among the treatment groups. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in fertility, hatchability, dead in germ, sound chick and dead in shell percentage among the treatment except cull chicks where L1 showed the highest percent of cull chicks.  Egg production at 23-28 and 35-40 weeks of age differ significantly (p<0.01) except at 29-34 weeks of age (p>0.05). Significant variations for FCR observed at 35-40 weeks of age while it was non-significant (p>0.05) at 23-28 and 29-34 weeks of age. It is revealed that line-2 is superior in terms of egg production, age at sexual maturity and egg mass where line-1 was better in terms of FCR value. Considering the results it may be concluded that there are significant variations exists regarding egg production performances among the experimental pure lines, thus could be utilized successfully for the production of high yielding strains through proper breeding programme. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 20(1-2): 26-32, Jan-Dec 2013

Use of L-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakine Yalçin ◽  
A. Ergün ◽  
Handan Erol ◽  
Suzan Yalçin ◽  
B. Özsoy
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Haugh Unit

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of using L-carnitine and humate alone or in combination in quail diets on laying performance, egg traits and blood parameters. A total of 280 Japanese quails aged 10 weeks, divided into one control group and three treatment groups, were used. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 100 mg L-carnitine/kg, 1.5 g humate (Farmagülatör® Dry Plus)/kg and 100 mg L-carnitine + 1.5 g humate/kg, respectively. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks. The addition of L-carnitine and sodium humate alone or in combination did not significantly affect body weight, feed consumption, egg production, feed conversion ratio, mortality, egg-shell thickness, egg yolk index and the percentages of egg-shell, albumen and yolk. Egg weight increased (P < 0.001) with L-carnitine supplementation. The values of egg albumen height (P < 0.05), egg albumen index (P < 0.01) and egg Haugh unit (P < 0.05) were increased with humate supplementation. Egg cholesterol content and blood serum parameters were not affected by the supplementation of L-carnitine with or without humate. The results in this study demonstrated that L-carnitine supplementation increased egg weight while humate addition increased egg albumen index and egg Haugh unit of laying quails. However, the combined administration of L-carnitine and humate did not have any significant effects on the parameters measured.

Short day-length and egg production in the fowl

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Length Of The Day

1. The effect of a short, unchanging day-length of 6 hr. on age at sexual maturity and egg production has been observed.2. The birds matured at the same age as the controls but at a lower body weight.3. Egg production over 58 weeks was considerably reduced.4. An increase in day-length between December and August always increased production.5. A decrease in day-length between February and August always decreased production; this decrease was greater the later in the year that the change occurred.6. It is concluded that age at sexual maturity is not affected by the absolute length of the day, and that egg production is affected both by the absolute length and by the change in length.

INFLUENCE OF RAPESEED PRODUCTS ON EGG QUALITY AND LAYING HEN PERFORMANCE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. LESLIE ◽  
W. F. PEPPER ◽  
R. G. BROWN ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Group A

Diets containing 20% rapeseed meal, 20% full-fat rapeseed, and 3 or 10% rape-seed oil were fed to White Leghorn hens to study their effects on egg quality and hen performance. The 10% rapeseed oil group and the 20% rapeseed group resulted in egg production that was significantly below that of the control corn–soya diet. Feed consumption was reduced with the 20% rapeseed and 20% rapeseed meal diet as well as with the high oil diet. Egg size was reduced by 20% full-fat rapeseed and 10% rapeseed oil. Shell deformation was significantly reduced with 20% dietary rapeseed meal or 20% full-fat rapeseed. Shell thickness, on the other hand, was improved by 3% rapeseed oil but adversely affected by 10% rapeseed oil. Haugh units were improved by 20% full-fat rapeseed or 3% rapeseed oil. A taste panel consistently gave eggs from the 10% oil group a lower score than any of the other treatment groups, but no distinct flavor or odor could be detected. Fat composition values indicated that something in rapeseed, other than the oil, was resulting in a more unsaturated egg yolk fat from hens fed this product.

scholarly journals Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail Hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) Fed with Feed Restriction Regimes during Growth Period

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T Hertamawati ◽  
Suyadi . ◽  
E Soedjarwo ◽  
O Sjofjan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Reproductive performance of quail hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) at sexual maturity was evaluated following two feeding restriction programs (100%, 90% and 80% of ad libitum) and energy metabolism (EM) of ration: 2900 Kcal/kg and 2800 Kcal/kg) between 2 weeks and 5 weeks of age with five replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. Body weight and feed conversion were measured weekly during feed restriction. After experimental feeding treatment, age at first egg, BW, egg weight, development of reproductive organ on sexual maturity were evaluated of one hen’s quail per treatment. The results of the experiment indicated that the restricted feeding until 80% of ad libitum was consequently (p 0.01) delayed sexual maturity and influence the development of the reproductive organ. However, it did not show significant influence on the body weight of the first-laid egg and initial egg production. Restricted feeding at 90% of ad libitum and EM ration 2900 Kcal/kg showed the best results for quail feed management during growth.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Oxidation Products (COPs) in Ruminant Meat: A Biological and Pathological Approach: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafid Nadia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidation ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Brain

Reproductive performance of quail hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) at sexual maturity was evaluated following two feeding restriction programs (100%, 90% and 80% of ad libitum) and energy metabolism (EM) of ration: 2900 Kcal/kg and 2800 Kcal/kg) between 2 weeks and 5 weeks of age with five replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. Body weight and feed conversion were measured weekly during feed restriction. After experimental feeding treatment, age at first egg, BW, egg weight, development of reproductive organ on sexual maturity were evaluated of one hen’s quail per treatment. The results of the experiment indicated that the restricted feeding until 80% of ad libitum was consequently (p less than 0.01) delayed sexual maturity and influence the development of the reproductive organ. However, it did not show significant influence on the body weight of the first-laid egg and initial egg production. Restricted feeding at 90% of ad libitum and EM ration 2900 Kcal/kg showed the best results for quail feed management during growthNutrition is a basic human need and a prerequisite to a healthy life. Since it is bonded with food, it is essential to advocate nutrition in terms of food. A proper diet is important from the very early stages (gestation period) of life for proper growth and development. Neuronutrition portrays how food affects the brain and its function. Brain is where the performances begin and end. It monitors and controls all the energy metabolism of the body and it never stops working. Neuronutrition is the nutrition needed to achieve healthy brain and good neurocognitive function. Dietary manipulations are a viable strategy for enhancing cognitive abilities and protecting the brain from damage. No single food is key to good brain health but rather a combination of food. Neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, mental fatigue, and memory problems are prevalent across the world, and this opens the door to provide tailormade products which cater to consumer's desire for better neuronutrition.

Effects of photostimulatory lighting and feed allocation in female broiler breeders 1. Reproductive development

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
R. A. Renema ◽  
L. Bouvier ◽  
J. J. R. Feddes ◽  
J. L. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Group A ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
Group B

Changes in carcass traits during sexual maturation were studied with female Shaver Starbro breeders in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two lighting programs and two feeding programs. Pullets were individually caged in a light tight facility at 20 wk of age. The light period of fast photoperiod (FP) hens was changed from 8L:16D to 15L:9D at 20 wk of age. Slow photoperiod (SP) hens were switched from a 8L:16D photoperiod at 20 wk to 11L:13D, with increases to 12L:12D, 13L:11D, 14L:10D, and 15L:9D weekly to 24 wk of age. Slow feed (SF) hens were given small (5 g or less) weekly increases in feed allocation from 20 to 25 wk. Fast feed (FF) hens received larger feed allocations than the SF birds from 20 to 25 wk (maximum difference of 25 g more feed than SF hens received). Birds were processed at weekly intervals between 20 and 26 wk of age (Group A) or at sexual maturity (Group B), which was considered to be the day of the first oviposition.Age at sexual maturity did not differ due to photostimulation or feeding treatment. Whereas feeding program had no effect on carcass composition parameters at sexual maturity, the SP hens had a higher relative carcass lipid content at the expense of protein and ash content compared to FP hens. The weight of the large yellow ovarian follicles (LYF) at sexual maturity was affected by feeding regimen (FF, 50.2 g; SF, 43.6 g) and photoperiod (FP, 43.2 g; SP, 50.6 g). While hens on the SP photostimulation program had 8.9 LYF compared to 8.0 in FP hens at sexual maturity, the FF feeding regimen hens had 9.0 LYF compared to 7.9 in SF hens. The gradual feeding program of the SF treatment may be a potential means of limiting follicle recruitment and thereby potentially increasing settable egg production compared with feeding programs using more rapidly increasing feed allocations. Key words: Broiler breeders, photostimulation program, feed restriction, ovary morphology

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