scholarly journals Related responses in the live performance and carcass measurements of progeny from sows selected for thinner backfat

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-482
Author(s):  
A. G. Castell ◽  
R. L. Cliplef
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Plot Design

Landrace-sired progeny (B-boars, G-gilts and CM-castrates) were obtained from sows in two Hampshire lines (Control, Select) derived by applying a selection index which had three times the emphasis on backfat reduction than on post-weaning growth to 90 kg. Experiment 1 used 72 pigs from the Generation 1 sows and a split-plot design with line as the main plot and sex-type as the sub-plot. A 16% CP diet was fed, ad libitum, in the 24 pens over the period from 26 to 100 kg liveweight. No significant (P < 0.05) differences in live performance or carcass measurements were found between pigs from the two lines. However, characteristic differences among the sex types were observed, e.g., the slower growth by G, higher intake by CM and superior gain:feed by B. Experiment 2, following the same format with Generation 5 progeny (N = 90 and 30 pens), revealed a difference (P < 0.01) in daily intake (ADI) relative to liveweight (LWT) between Control (ADI = 123 × LWT0.729; R2 = 0.89, P < 0.01) and Select (ADI = 123 × LWT0.716; R2 = 0.84, P < 0.01) pigs. The lack of significant differences for other live and carcass criteria could be explained if the index was favouring individuals with low appetites and reducing the potential for high rates of lean tissue deposition in the Select pigs. Growth of all the pigs from birth to market weight, examined by correlation and regression analyses, suggested that pre-test feeding practices were also limiting the attainment of maximum rates of lean tissue deposition. Key words: Pig, selection index, growth rate, carcass, appetite

ETHIONINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF BARLEY DIETS CONTAINING LENTILS (Lens culinaris) OR SOYBEAN MEAL: LIVE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS RESPONSES BY GILTS FED AD LIBITUM

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
R. L. CLIPLEF
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Improved Performance

Barley-based diets, containing 13.3% soybean meal or 40.0% lentils, were fed over the period from 25 to 90 + kg liveweight. Supplementation with 0.1% DL-methionine improved performance and carcass characteristics of lentil-fed pigs to the level of those receiving soybean meal diets. Key words: Pig, barley, lentils, methionine, carcass

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS RESPONSES TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF RAW SOYBEANS (CV. MAPLE AMBER) BY BOARS FED AD LIBITUM FROM 30 TO 95 KILOGRAMS LIVEWEIGHT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
R. L. CLIPLEF
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum

Cull raw soybeans (SB), cv. Maple Amber, containing 17% oil and 36% crude protein (CP), were included as 0, 4.5, 9, 13.5, 18 and 22.5% of barley-based diets formulated to contain 16% CP. The mash diets were fed ad libitum to a total of 53 Landrace boars over the period from 30 to 95 kg average liveweight using a randomized block design with three replicates. Live performance responses to the increase in dietary SB content included a decline in overall growth rate (from 830 to 639 g d−1, P < 0.01) and efficiency of feed conversion (from 333 to 269 g gain per kg feed, P < 0.01). Post-kill measurements indicated an effect of dietary SB level on side weight (from 46 to 43% of carcass, P < 0.01), liver weight (from 24.8 to 28.2 g kg−1 warm carcass, P < 0.01) and areas of lean in the loin cross-section (from 31 to 26 cm2, P < 0.01) and ham face (from 137 to 121 cm2, P < 0.01) for pigs fed 0 and 22.5% SB diets, respectively. Analyses of samples of longissimus dorsi revealed a reduction in CP content (from 22.9 to 21.5%, P < 0.01) and increase in moisture content (from 74.4 to 75.4%, P < 0.05) for pigs fed the highest SB level compared to the control pigs. Iodine absorption numbers of the outer backfat layer increased, from 58 to 70 (P < 0.01), with the SB level fed. Sensory evaluation revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in incidence of off-flavor in loin roasts from boars fed diets containing more than 9% SB. The overall results suggested that a diet containing up to 5% SB would be unlikely to adversely affect performance or carcass merit of growing-finishing pigs. Key words: Pig, soybeans, live performance, carcass criteria, meat quality

Respon Padi Gogo Terhadap Residu Pupuk Organik

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baso Daeng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design

<em>The rate of conversion of paddy fields and irrigation water crisis suggest to consider the development of upland rice.� Empowerment of organic-based dryland done to increase rice, as well as environmental sustainability efforts.� The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of organic fertilizer residue to upland rice in the second growing season.� Experiments using a split-split plot design.� The main plot consisted of a dosage of 50% and 100% organic fertilizer in the first growing season.� Sub plot consisted of chicken manure (20 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>), <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Centrosema</span>� <span style="text-decoration: underline;">pubescens</span> (4.3 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>) + chicken manure (10 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>), and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Thitonia</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">diversifolia</span> (4.3 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>) + chicken manure (10 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>).� Sub-sub plot consist of Danau Gaung and Batu Tegi varieties.� The different types of fertilizer had no effect on plant productivity.� The addition of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Thitonia</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">diversifolia</span> gave a good effect on some growth variable and its resistance due pathogen attack.� Batu Tegi varieties are varieties that give the best response from an organic fertilizer.� Interaction between dosage, type of fertilizer, and varieties do not provide areal impact.</em>

Effect of varieties and weeding regimes on weed and performance of

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
U. Ismaila ◽  
M. G. Kolo ◽  
A. U. Gbanguba
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Plot Design

A Field trial was conducted at the aerobic rice experimental field of the NationalCereals Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Nigeria (9 ° 04 N and 6° 7 E)in 2007 and 2008 wet seasons to determine the weed competitiveness andperformance of inter Ã¢â‚¬Â and intra‐specific aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varietiesunder seven weeding regimes. The trial was laid out in a split plot designwith the two varieties of rice (NERICA 1 as inter Ã¢â‚¬Âspecific and FARO 46 asintra Ã¢â‚¬Âspecific) assigned to the main plot while seven weeding regimes (hoeweeding at 25, 45, and 65 days after sowing (DAS), 25 DAS, 45 DAS, 25 and45 DAS, application of 3’,3’ Ã¢â‚¬Â dichloropropionanilide /2, 4 – Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (orizo plus R) by Candel Company Ltd. at 3.5 kg active ingredient(ai )ha Ã¢â‚¬Â1 at 25 DAS, hoe weeding at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 3.5 kg aiat 45 DAS and weedy check) constituted the sub – plots. The treatmentswere replicated three times in a split plot design. From the results, interspecificvariety (NERICA1) had better weed suppression ability with highergrain yield of 3.1 t ha Ã¢â‚¬Â1 than the intra‐specific variety (FARO 46). Weed controlwas better when hoe weeding was done at 25, 45 and 65 DAS or 25 and45 DAS and at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 45 DAS than in other treatments.However, hoe weeding at 25, 45 and 65 DAS gave significantlygreater grain yield than other treatments. Although economic yield was obtainedfrom hoe weeding at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 45 DAS.

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on nitrogen retention and methionine flux in cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Ardalan ◽  
Matt D Miesner ◽  
Christopher D Reinhardt ◽  
Daniel U Thomson ◽  
Cheryl K Armendariz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract Creatine stores high-energy phosphate bonds in muscle and is synthesized in the liver through methylation of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA). Supplementation of GAA may therefore increase methyl group requirements, and this may affect methyl group utilization. Our experiment evaluated the metabolic responses of growing cattle to postruminal supplementation of GAA, in a model where methionine (Met) was deficient, with and without Met supplementation. Seven ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (161 kg initial body weight [BW]) were limit-fed a soybean hull-based diet (2.7 kg/d dry matter) and received continuous abomasal infusions of an essential amino acid (AA) mixture devoid of Met to ensure that no AA besides Met limited animal performance. To provide energy without increasing the microbial protein supply, all steers received ruminal infusions of 200 g/d acetic acid, 200 g/d propionic acid, and 50 g/d butyric acid, as well as abomasal infusions of 300 g/d glucose. Treatments, provided abomasally, were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial in a split-plot design, and included 0 or 6 g/d of l-Met and 0, 7.5, and 15 g/d of GAA. The experiment included six 10-d periods. Whole body Met flux was measured using continuous jugular infusion of 1-13C-l-Met and methyl-2H3-l-Met. Nitrogen retention was elevated by Met supplementation (P &lt; 0.01). Supplementation with GAA tended to increase N retention when it was supplemented along with Met, but not when it was supplemented without Met. Supplementing GAA linearly increased plasma concentrations of GAA and creatine (P &lt; 0.001), but treatments did not affect urinary excretion of GAA, creatine, or creatinine. Supplementation with Met decreased plasma homocysteine (P &lt; 0.01). Supplementation of GAA tended (P = 0.10) to increase plasma homocysteine when no Met was supplemented, but not when 6 g/d Met was provided. Protein synthesis and protein degradation were both increased by GAA supplementation when no Met was supplemented, but decreased by GAA supplementation when 6 g/d Met were provided. Loss of Met through transsulfuration was increased by Met supplementation, whereas synthesis of Met from remethylation of homocysteine was decreased by Met supplementation. No differences in transmethylation, transsulfuration, or remethylation reactions were observed in response to GAA supplementation. The administration of GAA, when methyl groups are not limiting, has the potential to improve lean tissue deposition and cattle growth.

scholarly journals Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Eragrostis plana (Poaceae) and its Relation with Phenology and Nitrogen Fertilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. CECCHIN ◽  
A. FAVARETTO ◽  
S.M. SCHEFFER-BASSO ◽  
C.D. BERTOL ◽  
S.O. CHINI
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to verify if the phenological stage and the nitrogen fertilization interfere in the allelopathic activity and in the concentration of potentially allelopathic phenolic compounds of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana). The assay consisted of a bifactor 3 (0.100 and 200 kg N ha-1) x 2 (harvested in vegetative and reproductive stages), in a split plot design. The N doses constituted the main plot and the phenological stage during the harvest the subplots, resulting in six treatments. The tough lovegrass plants derived from each of the treatments were subjected to allelopathy bioassays, in which aqueous extracts of the aerial parts were applied to lettuce cypselae (Lactuca sativa) and to phytochemicals tests when ethanolic extracts were used, with subsequent partition with ethyl acetate, followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. There was nitrogen x phenological stage interaction on biological and chemical attributes. The allelopathic extracts were, in descending order of inhibition of germination, those from plants harvested at the vegetative stage and fertilized with 100 kg N and at the flowering stage with 200 kg N, which showed the highest catechin concentrations. The caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids were in a higher concentration in flowered and fertilized plants with 0 or 200 kg N. The management of the nitrogen fertilization and the harvesting age influence the allelopathic activity and the phytochemical composition of tough lovegrass.

scholarly journals Live performance, carcass quality, and economic assessment of over 100kg slaughtered pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Oliveira ◽  
T.M. Bertol ◽  
A. Coldebela ◽  
J.I. Santos Filho ◽  
A.J. Scandolera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Protein Deposit ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

Recent genetic improvement has developed pigs with maximum potential for protein deposit at higher weights; however, their optimal slaughter weight still needs to be determined. The objective of the study was to evaluate live performance, carcass traits, and economic viability of 417 Agroceres PIC pigs slaughtered with 100, 115, 130, and 145kg live weight. Pigs were reared in pens with 10-11 barrows and gilts each, offered a feed allowance of 2.8kg/pig/day until the following slaughter weights (SW): 99.65±0.82kg, 118.53±0.98kg, 133.97±1.17kg, and 143.90±1.24. There was no interaction between sex and SW (P>0.05). Backfat thickness, fat area, and loin eye area linearly increased with SW (P<0.001; R2: 70.12-77.44%), and carcass yield increased in a quadratic manner (P<0.001; R²=24.66%). Lean yield was not affected (P>0.05), and feed conversion ratio (R²=43.29%) linearly worsened with SW (P<0.001), but the effect of SW on live production cost (R$/kg) was quadratic, with the minimum point at 134.8kg. It was concluded that, under the applied management, increasing SW results in larger amount of lean tissue with no change in its yield and little effect on growth performance.

scholarly journals Response of Two Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties to Rates of Blended Fertilizer and Row Spacing at Tselemti District, Northern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tesfahun Mekuanint ◽  
Yemane Tsehaye ◽  
Yemane G. Egziabher
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Plot Design

Effects of row spacing, blended fertilizer rates, and varieties on some agronomic traits of chickpea were evaluated with the objective of investigating response of Kabuli and Desi type chick pea varieties to blended fertilizers rates and interrow spacing. The study was done using split plot design interrow spacing as a main plot, and fertilizer and variety as a subplot, where three row spacings (20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm) were assigned to the main plot while the factorial combination of four blended (NPSB) fertilizer rates (0 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, and 150 kg/ha) and representative of Kabuli and Desi type chickpea varieties such as Arerti and Mariye, respectively, were assigned to the subplot. Main effect of interrow spacing did not show significant difference on many studied agronomic parameters. Similarly, main effect of blended fertilizer rates and varieties did not reveal a significant difference for the studied parameters. However, significant differences were obtained on phenology, yield components, and yield for the varieties. Blended fertilizer rates utilized in Tselemti District did not show differences in most of studied traits. Reasonable row spacing of 20 cm for both types of chickpea could be used for the studied area.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) SERTA PUPUK NITROGEN DAN FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI JABON (Anthocephallus cadamba Roxb.) Effectiveness of Arbuscula Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Nitrogen and Phosphate Fertilizer toward Jabon ........

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Fransisca Yosina Regina Luturmas ◽  
Sri Wilarso Budi R. ◽  
Irdika Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Fast Growing Species ◽  
Glomus Sp ◽  
Plot Design

Jabon (Anthocephallus cadamba Roxb.) is one of fast-growing species with high economical value, and well adapted on some of soil types. The aims of this research were to analyze the effectiveness of AMF species isolated from Samama (Anthocephallus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil) and to determine the favorable dose of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer for Jabon growth. The research was conducted CRD-split plot design main plot was Acaulospora sp.1 (M1), Glomus sp.1 (M2), Acaulospora sp.2 (M3), Acaulospora sp.3 (M4), Glomus sp.2 (M5). While the fertilizer as the sub-plot, consist of control (P0), urea 0.5g+rockphosphat 2g (P1), urea 1g+rockphosphat 4g (P2). The result showed that AMF and fertilizer applications effectively improved Jabon grown, especially in height, stem diameter, and shoot dry weight. The interaction (M4P1) increased plant height 154.73%, diameter 75.38% and shoot dry weight 376.09% compared with control. P1 treatment was better for growth of Jabon that was inoculated by mycorrhiza. Acaulospora sp.1 (M1) originally from Samama without fertilizer had the best effectiveness for Jabon growth.Key words: Acaulospora, indigenous

scholarly journals Critical time for weed removal in dicamba tolerant soybean as influenced by pre emergence herbicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Darko Jovanović ◽  
Ivan Cuvaca ◽  
Jon Scott ◽  
Stevan Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
Weed Removal

Field experiment was conducted in 2019 at Haskell Agriculture Laboratory, Concord, NE, USA. Goal of the study was to test the influence of PRE-EM herbicides on the Critical Time for Weed Removal (CTWR) in dicamba-tolerant soybean. The study was arranged in a split-plot design which consisted of four herbicide regimes as main plot treatments and seven weed removal timings as subplot treatments, with four replications. The herbicide regimes included: (1) no PRE and glyphosate, (2) acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate as POST, (3) acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate and dicamba as POST, and (4) acetochlor and fomesafen as PRE and acetochlor, glyphosate and dicamba as POST. The five weed removal times included the V1, V3, V6, R2 and R5, and there were also weedy and weed-free season long plots. By utilizing herbicide regimes, the CTWR was delayed to 632 GDD (until V4 soybean growth stage, 28 days after emergence) for acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate as POST, 861 GDD (until V6 soybean growth stage, 32 days after emergence) for acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate and dicamba as POST, and 1060 GDD (until R1 soybean growth stage, 42 days after emergence) for acetochlor and fomesafen as PRE and acetochlor, glyphosate and dicamba as POST.

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