Effects of processing methods for soybean meal used in milk replacers on intestinal xylose uptake and serum antibody to soybean antigen when fed to calves of various ages

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
J. H. Burton ◽  
E. B. Burnside ◽  
B. N. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Xylose Concentration ◽  
Group 1

Milk replacer containing either heated soybean meal (commercial soybean meal), extruded soybean meal, ethanol-extracted soybean meal, fermented soybean meal or skim milk powder replacer (SMPR) was fed for 20 d to preruminant calves from either 6, 18 or 30 d of age (age groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Effects of these diets on intestinal absorption efficiency (using the xylose absorption test), serum antibody titres to the soybean allergens, and concentrations of immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA) were determined. Peak plasma xylose concentrations were highest in calves receiving SMPR; these values were 45.8, 56.3 and 54.0 mg dL−1 for calves in the three age groups, respectively. Calves in age group 1, fed the extruded soybean meal replacer, had the lowest peak plasma xylose concentration (32.8 mg dL−1). Increases in peak plasma xylose concentration were not observed in calves in age groups 2 and 3 relative to those in age group 1 for the heated soybean meal replacer unlike those noted in calves receiving the other milk replacers. Antibodies to the soybean antigens glycinin and β-conglycinin were detected in serum of all the calves, but those receiving the heated or extruded soybean meal appeared to have higher serum titres than those receiving the ethanol extracted or the fermented soybean meal. Key words: Processed soybean meal, calves, milk replacers, xylose absorption, antibody titres, glycinin, β-conglycinin

Nutritional performance of calves fed milk replacers containing processed soybean products

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
J. H. Burton ◽  
J. G. Buchanan-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Milk Replacers

Calves in three age groups were fed milk replacers containing skim milk (SMP) or with 43% of the protein substituted by one of heated soybean meal (HSBM(commercial soybean meal)); extruded soybean meal (ExSBM); ethanol-extracted soybean meal (EtSBM); or fermented soybean meal (FSBM) to determine effects on weight gain, feed and protein efficiency and fecal dry matter. Experimental milk replacers were introduced to calves at 6, 18 and 30 d of age for those in age groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and fed for 20 d. Even though dry milk replacer intake did not vary among calves fed the five replacers, weight gains of calves receiving either the SMP replacer (SMPR) or those containing the processed soybean meals ranged from 6.5 to 6.7 kg for the experimental period and were greater (P < 0.05) than the 3.4-kg weight gain of calves fed the HSBM containing replacer (HSBMR). Among the calves in age groups 2 and 3, weight gains of calves reared on the replacer containing FSBM, EtSBM or the SMPR were similar but greater (P < 0.05) than gains of calves on HSBMR. Calves in age group 2 receiving the ExSBM or FSBM containing replacers gained more weight than those receiving HSBMR. Both ExSBM and FSBM can be used in milk replacers for rearing calves older than 20 d of age. Key words: Extruded, fermented, soybean meal, calf milk replacer, nutritional performance, diarrhoea

Dietary Fluoride Intake of Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
Emilie Wiatrowski ◽  
Louis Kramer ◽  
Dace Osis ◽  
Herta Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infant Diet ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Fluoride Intake ◽  
Group 1

The fluoride content of various commercially available food items used in the preparation of the infant diet for the age groups from birth to 6 months has been analyzed and the total daily fluoride intake has been calculated on the basis of these data. The dietary fluoride intake totaled 0.32 mg/day for infants in the age group 1 to 4 weeks, increased in the subsequent months due to increasing food intake, and totaled 1.23 mg for infants 4 to 6 months of age. These fluoride intakes expressed per kilogram of body weight ranged from 0.07 mg/kg in the newborn to 0.16 mg/kg in the 6-month-old infant.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712092793
Author(s):  
Christopher Antonacci ◽  
Thomas R. Atlee ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
Christopher Hadley ◽  
Meghan E. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background: Pitching velocity is one of the most important metrics used to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s effectiveness. The relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program has not been determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program. We hypothesized that pitching velocity would significantly increase in all adolescent age groups after a lighter baseball training program, without a significant difference in magnitude of increase based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Baseball pitchers aged 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week training program focused on pitching mechanics and velocity improvement were included in this study. Pitchers were split into 3 groups based on age (group 1, 10-12 years; group 2, 13-14 years; group 3, 15-17 years), and each group trained independently. Pitch velocity was assessed at 4 time points (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Mean, maximum, and mean change in pitch velocity between sessions were compared by age group. Results: A total of 32 male baseball pitchers were included in the analysis. Mean/maximum velocity increased in all 3 age groups: 3.4/4.8 mph in group 1, 5.3/5.5 mph in group 2, and 5.3/5.2 mph in group 3. While mean percentage change in pitch velocity increased in all 3 age groups (group 1, 6.5%; group 2, 8.3%; group 3, 7.6%), the magnitude of change was not significantly different among age groups. Program session number had a significant effect on mean and maximum velocity, with higher mean and maximum velocity seen at later sessions in the training program ( P = .018). There was no interaction between age and program session within either mean or maximum velocity ( P = .316 and .572, respectively). Conclusion: Age had no significant effect on the magnitude of increase in maximum or mean baseball pitch velocity during a velocity and mechanics training program in adolescent males.

scholarly journals Trends in Poliovirus Seroprevalence in Kano State, Northern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S103-S109
Author(s):  
Harish Verma ◽  
Zubairu Iliyasu ◽  
Kehinde T Craig ◽  
Natalie A Molodecky ◽  
Utibeabasi Urua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Kano state has been a protracted reservoir of poliovirus in Nigeria. Immunity trends have been monitored through seroprevalence surveys since 2011. The survey in 2015 was, in addition, intended to assess the impact of use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). Methods It was a health facility based seroprevalence survey. Eligible children aged 6-9, 12-15 and 19-22 months of age brought to the paediatrics outpatient department of Murtala Mohammad Specialist Hospital between 19 October and 6 November 2015, were screened for eligibility. Eligible children were enrolled after parental consent, history taken, physical examination conducted, and a blood sample collected to test for neutralizing antibody titres against the three poliovirus serotypes. Results Overall, 365 results were available in the three age groups. In the 6-9-month-old age group, the seroprevalence was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 64-80%), 83% (95% CI 75-88%), and 66% (95% CI 57-73%) for serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the 12-15- and 19-22-month-old age groups, seroprevalence was higher but still remained <90% across serotypes. Seroprevalence to serotypes 1 and 3 in 2015 was similar to 2014; however, for serotype 2 there was a significant improvement. IPV received in supplemental immunization activities was found to be a significant predictor of seropositivity among 6-9-month-old infants for serotypes 1 and 2. Conclusions Seroprevalence for serotypes 1 and 3 remains low (<80%) in 6-9-month-olds. This poses a significant risk for poliovirus spread if reintroduced into the population. Efforts to strengthen immunization coverage are imperative to secure and sustain high population immunity.

REDUCTION OF β-CONGLYCININ ANTIGENICITY AND RATE OF ACID-PEPSIN PROTEOLYSIS OF PROTEINS IN EXTRUDED OR RUMEN FLUID-TREATED SOYBEAN MEAL

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. MIR ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
B. N. WILKIE ◽  
F. R. VAN DE VOORT
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Milk Replacers

The effect of processing commercial soybean meal (HSBM) by either extrusion (ExSBM) or fermentation with microbes in rumen fluid (FSBM) on rate of protein hydrolysis and the activity of the antigen β-conglycinin was evaluated. Ethanol-extracted soybean meal (EtSBM) and skim milk powder (SMP) were included as positive controls while HSBM was the negative control, with regard to antigen content. The rates of proteolysis were determined by acid pepsin hydrolysis and the activity of β-conglycinin in the soluble fraction of the digestion mixtures at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h of in vitro proteolysis was determined by radial immunodiffusion in agar gel containing antibody specific for the antigen. Susceptibility of FSBM and ExSBM to proteolysis by pepsin was greater than that of EtSBM. β-Conglycinin content was greatest in HSBM (1.0 ± 0.2 g dL−1) and only 0.3 ± 0.03 g dL−1 in ExSBM at the beginning of in vitro digestion. The antigen was not detected in either FSBM or EtSBM, therefore these products could be used in milk replacers for calves. Key words: In vitro pepsin proteolysis, extruded soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, antigen, β-conglycinin

scholarly journals ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Angsuviriya Angsuviriya ◽  
Chanokporn Chanokporn
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Buffalo Meat ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The objective of this article is to study the attitudes of different age and ethnic groups reflected through the names and the taste of food, that is the southern Thais have a positive attitude towards more tasteful or the taste of hot than the other ethnic groups while the Chinese Thais they have a more positive attitude towards  insipid taste than the other ethnic groups. For the Malaysian Thais they have a more positive attitude towards the taste of sweet than the other two ethnic groups. As for main course dish, the most popular main course dishes in all the 3 groups are “Kangsom” (sour soup made of tamarind paste) and “KangTaipla” or “KangPhungpla”. As for dessert, the most favorite desserts in all the 3 groups are “Klauybuatchee” or Klauybuat (banana in coconut milk) and “Lotchong” or “Singaporean Lotchong”. In addition, it is found that the Chinese Thais and the southern Thais have a negative attitude towards beef, eels, buffalo meat etc, while the Malaysian Thais have a negative attitude towards pork because they are Muslim. When age groups have been taken into account, age group 1 (15-25) does not like spicy foods, compared with the other age group. While age group 2 (35-45) has similarities in the food names of those in age group 1 and age group 3; therefore, there are more food names in age group 2 than those in the other groups. In addition, for age group 3 (55 or more) more local names of foods are found.   Keywords: Attitudes, the names and the tastes of foods, the ethnic

scholarly journals A mathematical model for estimating the age-specific transmissibility of a novel coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Yu Zhao ◽  
Yuan-Zhao Zhu ◽  
Jing-Wen Xu ◽  
Qing-Qing Hu ◽  
Zhao Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Group 1

AbstractBackgroundA novel coronavirus named as “SARS-CoV-2” has spread widely in many countries since December 2019, especially in China. This study aimed to quantify the age-specific transmissibility by using a mathematical model.MethodsAn age-specific susceptible – exposed – symptomatic – asymptomatic – recovered – seafood market (SEIARW) model was developed based on two suspected transmission routes (from market to person and person to person). The susceptible people from Wuhan City were divided into different age groups. We used the subscript i and j to represent age group 1 to 4 (i ≠ j; 1: ≤ 14 years; 2: 15-44 years; 3: 45-64 years; 4: ≥ 65 years) and 1 to 5 (i ≠ j; 1: ≤ 5 years; 2: 6-14 years; 3: 15-24 years; 4: 25-59 years; 4: ≥ 60 years), respectively. Data of reported COVID-19 cases were collected from one published literature from 26 November to 22 December, 2019 in Wuhan City, China. The age-specific transmissibility of the virus was estimated accordingly secondary attack rate (SAR).ResultsThe age-specific SEIARW model fitted with the reported data well by dividing the population into four age groups (χ2 = 4.99 × 10−6, P > 0.999), and five age groups (χ2 = 4.85 × 10−6, P > 0.999). Based on the four-age-group SEIARW model, the highest transmissibility occurred from age group 2 to 3 (SAR23 = 17.56 per 10 million persons), followed by from age group 3 to 2 (SAR32 = 10.17 per 10 million persons). The lowest transmissibility occurred from age group 1 to 2 (SAR12 = 0.002 per 10 million persons). Based on the five-age-group SEIARW model, the highest transmissibility occurred from age group 4 to 5 (SAR45 = 12.40 per 10 million persons), followed by from age group 5 to 4 (SAR54 = 6.61 per 10 million persons). The lowest transmissibility occurred from age group 3 to 4 (SAR34 = 0.0002 per 10 million persons).ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 has high transmissibility among adults and elder people but low transmissibility among children and young people.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Out-of-Hospital Sudden Cardiac Death in Moscow in 2005–2009

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Makarov ◽  
Vera Komoliatova ◽  
Natalia Fedina ◽  
Yuri Solokhin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
The People ◽  
Moscow Population ◽  
Group 1

Background. The sudden out-of-hospital cardiac death (SOHCD) in Russia is poorly investigated. The aim of study was to determine structure of SOHCD in Moscow. Methods. SOHCD were analyzed according to data for 2005–2009 from the 2nd Thanatology Department of Forensic Medicine of Moscow that serves 2502836 citizens in Moscow. Results. Prevalence of SOHCD was 49.1% of autopsies for all age groups and in 8.9% in the group aged 1–45 (22.3 cases per 100000 population/year). The frequency of SOHCD progressively increased with age. Most SOHCD victims (82%) were males. The diagnosis of cardiomyopathy was prevalent (80–96%) in the age 1–45 group; in 11–15 more 30% had normal heart; after 35 years of age, the role of ischaemic heart disease increased. In 67% of the people aged 19–25 SOHCD was associated with traces of alcohol (0.3–3.0 promile). Conclusion. The proportion of SOHCD in the Moscow population over all age groups has reached 123.2 per 100000 citizens annually. In the age group 1–45, the prevalence of SOHCD was 22.3 cases per 100000 citizens per year. The risk of SOHCD was greater in males. Possibly the role of alcohol in SOHCD in people older than 20 increased.

scholarly journals Determination of serum antibody titres and immune status of layer flocks against Newcastle Disease virus at Chittagong district of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Kashem ◽  
M Parvej ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
MM Moula ◽  
ASMG Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Immunity ◽  
Antibody Titres

A study was conducted to assess the level of serum antibody titres and immune status of layer birds against Newcastle Disease virus by Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test in different areas of Chittagong district during November to December, 2010. Sixteen layer flocks were selected based on different ages of birds. A total of 235 serum samples were collected and tested at Microbiology laboratory of CVASU. HI test was performed using commercial Newcastle Disease vaccine (Avinew®) as a source of 4HAU virus antigen. The antibody titre (GMT) levels in 18-26 weeks age group were found to be 70.198, followed by 47.551, 34.776, 17.281 and 18.855 in 27-40, 41-57, 58-73 and >73 weeks age groups, respectively. Moreover, 100% specific immunity against ND was found in 18-26, 27-40 and 41-57 weeks age groups of birds, whereas 93.33 and 94.73% specific immunity was found in 58-73 and >73 weeks age groups, respectively. On an average, 97.87% layer birds showed specific immunity and 2.13% showed nonspecific immunity against NDV. We considered HI titre of 1:8 or above as specific immunity and less than 1:8 as non specific immunity. Highest HI titre was found at the age of 18-26 weeks and lowest titre was at 58-73 weeks of age. The lower level of HI titre seemed to be directly related to some important factors relating to vaccination which have been highlighted in this paper. Key words: Antibody titers; Immune status; HI test; Newcastle disease virus; Layer birds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i2.8818 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(2):35-38

scholarly journals A symmetric hypocorrection of myopia by FemtoLASIK in patients with presbyopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Khodzhabekyan ◽  
A. T. Khandzhyan ◽  
E. P. Tarutta
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Corneal Hydration ◽  
Flap Thickness ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: to evaluate the results of symmetric binocular hypocorrection of myopia with FemtoLasik surgery in patients with presbyopia of various age groups.Material and methods. 33 patients (66 eyes) with myopic refraction, aged 36 to 50, were operated by FemtoLasik. The intended Femto Flap thickness was 100 μm. The patients were divided into three groups depending on age; group 1 included 16 patients (32 eyes) aged 39–44, group 2 had 12 patients (24 eyes) aged 45–50, and group 3 (controls) was composed of 5 patients (10 eyes) of pre-presbyopic age (36–38 years).Results. The symmetric binocular hypocorrection proved efficient in 35 % of cases in the group 1 and 50 % of cases in group 2. In the control group the intended and obtained values coincided in all 100 % of cases.Conclusion. A possible cause of the discrepancy between the intended and the obtained hypocorrection effect may be a reduced corneal hydration of patients older than 39 years.

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