Nutritional performance of calves fed milk replacers containing processed soybean products

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
J. H. Burton ◽  
J. G. Buchanan-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Milk Replacers

Calves in three age groups were fed milk replacers containing skim milk (SMP) or with 43% of the protein substituted by one of heated soybean meal (HSBM(commercial soybean meal)); extruded soybean meal (ExSBM); ethanol-extracted soybean meal (EtSBM); or fermented soybean meal (FSBM) to determine effects on weight gain, feed and protein efficiency and fecal dry matter. Experimental milk replacers were introduced to calves at 6, 18 and 30 d of age for those in age groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and fed for 20 d. Even though dry milk replacer intake did not vary among calves fed the five replacers, weight gains of calves receiving either the SMP replacer (SMPR) or those containing the processed soybean meals ranged from 6.5 to 6.7 kg for the experimental period and were greater (P < 0.05) than the 3.4-kg weight gain of calves fed the HSBM containing replacer (HSBMR). Among the calves in age groups 2 and 3, weight gains of calves reared on the replacer containing FSBM, EtSBM or the SMPR were similar but greater (P < 0.05) than gains of calves on HSBMR. Calves in age group 2 receiving the ExSBM or FSBM containing replacers gained more weight than those receiving HSBMR. Both ExSBM and FSBM can be used in milk replacers for rearing calves older than 20 d of age. Key words: Extruded, fermented, soybean meal, calf milk replacer, nutritional performance, diarrhoea

scholarly journals Growth response, nutrient digestibility and physical body measurements of Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) fed whole cassava (Manihot esculenta) root meal fortified with selected fermented protein sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
OO Eniolorunda ◽  
HA Awojobi ◽  
AF Aluko ◽  
BS Olufemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Thryonomys Swinderianus ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Weight Gains

Grasscutter serves as a major tool for improved household income generation, nutrition and bio-diversity in Nigeria. It provides a quick turnover, foreign exchange earner and reduce unemployment rate of the country.In order to assess the feeding values of concentrates used as supplement, studies were conducted in captivity to evaluate the performance of Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) using 20 growing Grasscutters comprising 16 females and 4 males who were balanced for weight and grouped into four treatments. Inclusion of whole cassava meal that was incorporated at 80% of the total bulk acted as the control(T0) while 10% of whole cassava root meal was replaced by fermented soybean meal in (T1), fermented locust bean meal in (T2) and fermented melon seed meal in (T3) respectively were considered as experimental using a complete randomized design. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was used as the basal diet and water were given ad libitum. There were significant difference in the final body weight gains (P<0.05) between treatments. The mean final body weights were 1175.0 ±302.01, 1266.7±302.01, 1215±302.01 and 1143.0±302.01g for animals on T0, T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The corresponding mean for final body weight gains were found to be 481±209.55, 536.7±209.55, 507±209.55 and 407±209.55g for T0, T1, T2 and T3 respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the trunk length in T1 over T2, T0 and T3 and were recorded at the level of4.78±0.19, 4.56 ±0.18, 4.55 ± 0.18 and 4.12 ± 0.16 respectively. The nutrient digestibility of CP, EE, NFE, ADF and ADL were significantly different (P<0.05). The whole cassava root that was combined with fermented soybean meal supported a highest growth rate than those of other treatments. It was therefore concluded that fermented soybean meal may be used as an ideal diet for sustainable Grasscutter production when whole cassava root is combined with this ingredient.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 254-259, August 2018

EFFECTS OF FAT LEVELS IN MILK REPLACERS AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN CREEP FEED ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIALLY REARED LAMBS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
T. M. MACINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Replacers

Two growth trials were conducted to determine an optimum level of fat in milk replacer and an optimum level of protein in creep feed for artificially reared lambs. In experiment 1, milk replacers containing 31 or 36% fat (dry matter, DM, basis) were fed ad libitum to 58 lambs at 1 day of age. The protein was supplied by low-heat spray-dried skim milk powder and Na caseinate and the fat from a mixture of 10% coconut oil and 90% tallow. A finely ground unpelleted creep feed with 20% protein, on a DM basis, was fed ad libitum. The lambs consumed more of the 31% fat milk replacer and gained more live weight (288 vs. 254 g/day; P < 0.025) to weaning at 25–30 days of age than did lambs fed the 36% fat formula. Weight gains to 10 wk of age were 190 and 170 g/day, respectively (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, 84 lambs were fed a 26% fat milk replacer ad libitum, and creep feeds with 15, 20 or 25% protein (DM basis). The supplementary protein was supplied by herring meal and soybean meal. Weight gains of lambs to weaning at 24 days of age were similar on the three creep feeds. However, gains to 10 wk of age averaged 218, 235 and 244 g/day (P < 0.05) on the 15, 20 and 25% protein diets, respectively. One and 2 kg of DM were consumed/kg lamb body weight gain to weaning and to 10 wk of age, respectively. It was concluded that the milk replacer should contain 26–31% fat, and the creep feed 20% protein or more for maximal performance of artificially reared lambs.

REDUCTION OF β-CONGLYCININ ANTIGENICITY AND RATE OF ACID-PEPSIN PROTEOLYSIS OF PROTEINS IN EXTRUDED OR RUMEN FLUID-TREATED SOYBEAN MEAL

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. MIR ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
B. N. WILKIE ◽  
F. R. VAN DE VOORT
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Milk Replacers

The effect of processing commercial soybean meal (HSBM) by either extrusion (ExSBM) or fermentation with microbes in rumen fluid (FSBM) on rate of protein hydrolysis and the activity of the antigen β-conglycinin was evaluated. Ethanol-extracted soybean meal (EtSBM) and skim milk powder (SMP) were included as positive controls while HSBM was the negative control, with regard to antigen content. The rates of proteolysis were determined by acid pepsin hydrolysis and the activity of β-conglycinin in the soluble fraction of the digestion mixtures at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h of in vitro proteolysis was determined by radial immunodiffusion in agar gel containing antibody specific for the antigen. Susceptibility of FSBM and ExSBM to proteolysis by pepsin was greater than that of EtSBM. β-Conglycinin content was greatest in HSBM (1.0 ± 0.2 g dL−1) and only 0.3 ± 0.03 g dL−1 in ExSBM at the beginning of in vitro digestion. The antigen was not detected in either FSBM or EtSBM, therefore these products could be used in milk replacers for calves. Key words: In vitro pepsin proteolysis, extruded soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, antigen, β-conglycinin

Effects of processing methods for soybean meal used in milk replacers on intestinal xylose uptake and serum antibody to soybean antigen when fed to calves of various ages

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
J. H. Burton ◽  
E. B. Burnside ◽  
B. N. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Xylose Concentration ◽  
Group 1

Milk replacer containing either heated soybean meal (commercial soybean meal), extruded soybean meal, ethanol-extracted soybean meal, fermented soybean meal or skim milk powder replacer (SMPR) was fed for 20 d to preruminant calves from either 6, 18 or 30 d of age (age groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Effects of these diets on intestinal absorption efficiency (using the xylose absorption test), serum antibody titres to the soybean allergens, and concentrations of immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA) were determined. Peak plasma xylose concentrations were highest in calves receiving SMPR; these values were 45.8, 56.3 and 54.0 mg dL−1 for calves in the three age groups, respectively. Calves in age group 1, fed the extruded soybean meal replacer, had the lowest peak plasma xylose concentration (32.8 mg dL−1). Increases in peak plasma xylose concentration were not observed in calves in age groups 2 and 3 relative to those in age group 1 for the heated soybean meal replacer unlike those noted in calves receiving the other milk replacers. Antibodies to the soybean antigens glycinin and β-conglycinin were detected in serum of all the calves, but those receiving the heated or extruded soybean meal appeared to have higher serum titres than those receiving the ethanol extracted or the fermented soybean meal. Key words: Processed soybean meal, calves, milk replacers, xylose absorption, antibody titres, glycinin, β-conglycinin

scholarly journals Effect of protein and energy concentration in milk replacers on rearing performance of heifer calves

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-537
Author(s):  
Barbara Niwińska ◽  
Krzysztof Bilik
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Milk Replacers

AbstractThe objective of the study was to analyse the effect of enriching milk replacers with crude protein (CP) and/or gross energy (GE) on rearing performance of Polish Holstein-Friesian heifer calves. The study was a 2 × 2 factorial design, with the two factors being CP content (220 and 290 g) and GE content (21 and 23 MJ) of milk replacer dry matter (DM). Thirty-two heifer calves aged 7 days were assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups (n=8), in which they received limited milk replacer (800 ±10 g DM × day-1) to 56 days of age and the same concentrate mixture ad libitum to 120 days of age. Feeding programme and nutritive value of concentrate mixture were applied as recommended by IZ PIB-INRA feeding standards (2009). Rearing performance was determined from body weight and body size measures at 7, 56 and 120 days of age, and feed and nutrient utilization for weight gain and body size gain during the periods from 7 to 56, 57 to 120 and 7 to 120 days of age. During the liquid feeding period from 7 to 56 days of age, the increase in CP concentration in milk replacers had a statistically significant effect on weight gains, body size (P≤0.05), and utilization of feed DM, CP and GE for weight gain (P≤0.05), while the increase in GE concentration improved daily weight gains and utilization of CP for weight gain (P≤0.05). The increase in CP concentration and the simultaneous decrease in GE concentration had a beneficial effect on the intake of concentrate mixture (statistical tendency, P≤0.1), but its utilization for weight gain was similar in all the experimental groups. Heifer calves that had received protein-rich milk replacers previously, during the period from 57 to 120 days of age ingested more concentrate mixture per day but were less efficient in nutrient utilization for weight gain (statistical tendency, P≤0.1).

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