Effects of exogenous porcine somatotropin on performance, testicular steroid production and fat levels of boar-taint-related compounds in young boars

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bonneau ◽  
W. J. Meadus ◽  
E. J. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Large White ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Porcine Somatotropin ◽  
Young Boars ◽  
Related Compounds

Large White × Pietrain boars were administered 0 or 5 mg recombinant porcine somatotropin (pST) daily between 68 and 105 kg live weight in an investigation of the effects of pST treatment on growth performance, carcass traits, genital-tract development, steroid-hormone synthesis, and fat skatole and androstenone levels in young male pigs. Growth rate was not affected by pST treatment, daily feed intake was decreased 9% (P < 0.05), and feed efficiency was improved 7% (P < 0.01). Muscle content of the carcass was increased from 57.7% to 59.7%, and fat content was reduced from 18.8% to 15.7% (P < 0.001). Genital-tract development, testicular androgen and 16-androstene biosynthesis rates and skatole levels in fat were not affected by pST treatment. Androstenone levels in fat were reduced from 0.66 μg g−1 in control animals to 0.35 μg g−1 in pST-treated animals (P < 0.001). The results of the present experiment indicate that pST treatment of boars of a lean genotype significantly improves the performance of the animals and may contribute to a reduction in the incidence of boar taint. Key words: Boar taint, somatotropin, skatole, androstenone, pigs

scholarly journals Endocrine Fertility Parameters—Genomic Background and Their Genetic Relationship to Boar Taint in German Landrace and Large White

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Ines Brinke ◽  
Christine Große-Brinkhaus ◽  
Katharina Roth ◽  
Maren Julia Pröll-Cornelissen ◽  
Sebastian Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Large White ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Fertility Traits

The surgical castration of young male piglets without anesthesia is no longer allowed in Germany from 2021. One alternative is breeding against boar taint, but shared synthesis pathways of androstenone (AND) and several endocrine fertility parameters (EFP) indicate a risk of decreasing fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic background between AND, skatole (SKA), and six EFP in purebred Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW) populations. The animals were clustered according to their genetic relatedness because of their different origins. Estimated heritabilities (h2) of AND and SKA ranged between 0.52 and 0.34 in LR and LW. For EFP, h2 differed between the breeds except for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (h2: 0.28–0.37). Both of the breeds showed unfavorable relationships between AND and testosterone, 17-β estradiol, and FSH. The genetic relationships (rg) between SKA and EFP differed between the breeds. A genome-wide association analysis revealed 48 significant associations and confirmed a region for SKA on Sus Scrofa chromosome (SSC) 14. For EFP, the results differed between the clusters. In conclusion, rg partly confirmed physiologically expected antagonisms between AND and EFP. Particular attention should be spent on fertility traits that are based on EFP when breeding against boar taint to balance the genetic progress in both of the trait complexes.

scholarly journals Effets de la supplémentation de l’aliment en poudre des feuilles de goyavier (Psidium guajava) sur les performances de croissance des porcelets

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-651
Author(s):  
François Djitie Kouatcho ◽  
Victor M. Kuate Silatchom ◽  
Ferdinand Ngoula
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Powder Feed ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
The One

Dans le but de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des effets des feuilles de goyavier sur la croissance en élevage porcin, une étude a été menée sur les effets de la supplémentation de l’aliment en poudre des feuilles de goyavier (Psiduim guajava) sur la croissance des porcelets hybrides (Large White x Landrace). A cet effet, 24 porcelets de 65 jours d’âge et de poids moyen de 10,83±0,26 kg ont été répartis en quatre lots de 6 porcelets (03 mâles et 03 femelles) chacun. A chaque lot choisi au hasard a été attribué par jour et pendant 30 jours consécutifs une ration supplémentée avec 0 ; 0,5 ; 1 et 1,5% de poudre des feuilles de goyavier. Les performances de croissance ont été étudiées. La consommation alimentaire et le poids vif ont été comparables entre tous les traitements. Le gain de poids, le gain moyen quotidien et l’efficacité alimentaire ont été significativement (P<0,05) plus élevés avec la ration contenant 1,5% de poudre de feuilles de goyavier comparé à la ration contenant seulement 1% de cette poudre. L’indice de consommation et le coût de production ont été relativement plus faibles chez les porcelets ayant reçu 1,5% de poudre des feuilles de goyavier comparés à ceux des autres traitements. Il a été conclu que la supplémentation de l’aliment au taux de 1,5% de la poudre des feuilles de goyavier améliore les performances de croissance des porcelets.Mots clés : Psidium guajava, enrichissement, porcelet, croissance, coût de production.   English Title: Effect of feed supplementation with dry powder of guava leaves (Psidium guajava) on growth performances of cross breed pigletsIn order to contribute to a better understanding of the effects of guava leaves on growth in pig farming, a study has been conducted on the effects of supplementation of guava leaves powder feed (Psiduim guajava) on the growth of hybrid piglets (Large White x Landrace). For this purpose, 24 piglets of 65 days of age and an average weight of 10.83±0.26 kg were distributed in four batches of 6 piglets each. To each group choosing randomly, diets supplemented with 0; 0,5; 1 and 1,5% of guava leaves powder was assigned daily for thirty  consecutive days. Growth performances characteristics were studied. Feed intake and live weight were comparable between all  treatments. The weight gain, daily average gain and feed efficiency were significantly higher with the diet containing 1,5% guava leaves powder as compared to the one with 1% of that powder. Feed efficiency and the cost of production were non-significantly lower in piglet haven received diet containing 1,5% of guava leaves powder compared to other treatments. It can there be concluded that food supplementation by 1,5% with guava leave powder improve growth performances of piglets.Keywords: Psidium guajava, supplementation, piglet, growth performances, production’s cost.  

The effect of number of single-space feeders and the provision of an additional drinker or toy on the performance and feeding behaviour of growing pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
A.T.S. Morrow ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Large Groups

Feed spillage is a major cause of inefficiency when non-pelleted diets are fed ad libitum especially when large groups of pigs have access to only one feeding space (Patterson and Walker, 1989; Walker, 1990). Competition for access to the feeder may contribute to spillage (Hansen, Hagelso and Madsen, 1982) although Albar and Granier (1989) showed no reduction in feed efficiency with 8 to 12 pigs per feeding place. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the performance and feeding behaviour of pigs fed ad libitum in groups of 20 when given an extra single-space feeder or an additional drinker or ‘toy’.Six hundred and forty cross-bred pigs from Landrace and Large White origins were used from 37 kg to slaughter at 91 kg live weight. They were penned in groups of 20 with a floor space allowance of 0.66 m2 /pig on fully slatted floors.

Indexes of reproductive ability and their repeatability in sows of different genotypes, taking into account the polymorphism g.1426g> a of the Mc4r gene

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Khalak ◽  
Vasyl Voloshchuk ◽  
Konstiantyn Pochernyaev ◽  
Serhii Smyslov ◽  
Maria Ilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Large White ◽  
Mc4r Gene ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient

The results of studies of the reproductive ability of sows of different genotypes are given taking into account the polymorphism g.1426G> A of the MC4R gene, the factor of repeatability of characters is determined, and the economic efficiency of the research results is calculated. The experimental part of the research was carried out in the conditions of the «Druzhba-Kaznacheevka» LTD in Dnipropetrovsk region. The objects of research were sows of the Large White breed. It was determined that sows of the main herd, according to signs of reproductive ability, belong to class I and class elite. The experiment showed that sows of genotype AG exceeded their peers of others (GG and AA) in terms of “born piglets total, heads” by 1.6 and 0.7 heads, “Live piglets born (multiple births), heads - by 1 6 and 0.9 heads, “the mass of the litter at the time of birth, kg” - by 2.7 - 1.3 kg., “the mass of the litter at the time of weaning at the age of 28-35 days, kg” - by 5, 1 - 3.9 kg. The difference between animals of the indicated genotypes is: for large-foetus - 0.06-0.01 kg, the index "evenness of the sow’s litter in live weight of piglets at birth, points" - 1.05-1.84 points, index of N. D. Berezovsky - 3.75 -2.36 points. The index of the safety of piglets before weaning ranged from 84.4 to 93.0 %. It was proved that the minimum value of the index “evenness of the sow’s littar in live weight of piglets at the time of birth, points (7.76 ± 1,082 points) are characterized by sows of genotype AA, in which the rate of multiple pregnancy ranged from 8 to 14 pigs, and the value of the sign“ large-foetus, kg "equaled 1.37 kg. The repeatability coefficient for sows of the main herd and sows of the Large White breed of different genotypes for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) receptor gene ranges from -0.916 ± 0.1418 (І-IV farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “piglet safety before weaning, %) to 0.978 ± 0.0738 (I-V farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “large foetus”, kg ”). The maximum value of the phenotypic consolidation coefficient was found in sows of genotype AA according to the following quantitative characteristics: “live piglets (multiple births), heads.”, “litter weight at the time of birth, kg”, “litter weight at weaning age of 28-35 days, kg "," the safety of piglets before weaning ,% ". The sows of the genotype GG belong to the unconsolidated group according to the signs of reproductive qualities. The use of sows of the genotype for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) AG receptor gene provides additional products at the level of 5.15 %, and its cost is 165.41 UAH /head. Keywords: sow, breed, reproductive ability, MC4R gene, genotypic consolidation coefficient, variability, correlation, repeatability.

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
M. E. Cundy ◽  
R. Cooke ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYForty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.

The effect on the reproductive performance of sows of dietary protein concentration and pattern of feeding in pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Pike ◽  
T. G. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYIn a factorial experiment the effect of two protein intakes and three patterns of feeding in the second pregnancy of 48 Large White x Wessex Saddleback sows was examined. The high protein (HP) diet (19·5% crude protein) contained 15% white fish meal. The low protein (LP) diet (10·5% crude protein) contained cereal protein only. Nutrient components of the diets differed in protein only. The pattern treatments involved allowances of 1·8 kg (L), 2·7 kg (C) and 3·6 kg (H) per day, the three pregnancy patterns being HL, C and LH with the changeovers made from the 49th to the 63rd day post coitum (p.c). Sows on the three pattern treatments received the same total amount of feed from 0–112 days p.c. and were treated alike at farrowing and during lactation.Fertility and parturition results were similar for all treatments, but the number of piglets alive after birth (when weighed) was least for LP sows on the HL pattern. At 3 weeks of age the size and weight of litters on HP sows were significantly greater than those on LP sows (P < 0·05 and < 0·001 respectively). More piglets were weaned by HP sows than LP sows (P < 0·05). HP sows gained more weight in pregnancy (P < 0·001) which was slightly longer, and lost more weight in lactation (P < 0·05) than LP sows.The HL pattern of feeding was associated with smaller live weight gains in pregnancy than the LH pattern (P < 0·001) and the total birth weight of HL litters was lighter than LH (P < 0·05), mean piglet weights being similar. Lactation performance was unaffected by pattern treatment.The main conclusion is that a low intake, particularly during the latter half of pregnancy, of protein which is of vegetable origin, is associated with decreased viability of the piglets at birth and in early suckling life, and with lower capacity of the sows for milk production.

Rice bran as a supplement to elephant grass for cattle and buffalo in Indonesia: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-722
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Gross Energy

SUMMARYIndonesian Ongole and swamp buffalo bulls that had previously been given 0, 1·2, 2·4, 3·6 or 4·8 kg/head/day rice bran plus ad libitum elephant grass were slaughtered after 161 days feeding. Abdominal depot fat, full and empty reticulo-rumen and cold carcass weights were recorded. Various carcass variables were measured and the 9–10–11 rib joints were dissected into bone, muscle and fat. Carcass gross energy was calculated from rib-fat content using previously determined regression equations. Feed efficiency was expressed in terms of the ratios of live-weight gain or carcass-energy accretion to metabolizable energy available for growth.Increasing supplementation with rice bran resulted in larger abdominal fat depots, higher dressing percentages, increased carcass fatness (and hence carcass gross energy) and improved rib muscle to bone ratios. Carcass conformation was unaffected by dietary treatment. When feed efficiency was expressed per unit live-weight gain, there was a decrease with increasing rice-bran feeding. Feed efficiency, expressed per unit of carcass energy accretion, improved with rice-bran supplementation and was generally higher in buffalo than in Ongole bulls. Dietary and species differences in feed efficiency could be primarily explained by the differential energy cost of deposition of, and the availability of energy from, carcass protein and lipid.

The use of premix in feeding of young pigs on fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A. S. Ivanova ◽  
N. V. Dunaeva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

Increasing the production of pork meat requires careful work not only in terms of breeding, but also in the organization of complete feeding of animals, the correct selection of feed and feed additives containing the necessary nutrients. The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of premix in feeding young pigs on fattening. Two groups of fattening young pigs (Large White×Landrace) have been selected for the researches using the method of analogous groups, taking into account the breed, age, and live weight per 20 heads in each group with a live weight of 35 kg. Pigs of the control group have received the main economic diet, and animals of the experimental group have received an additional premix Khutorok at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The results have shown that the best age to reach 100 kg was in the experimental group of pigs – 215,8 days, which received premix with feed that characterizes their higher precocity by 36,3 days (P < 0,001) than in the control group of animals. The use of this premix had a positive impact on the livability of young animals, in the experimental group it was by 9,3 abs.% more than in the control group of animals. Thus, the best fattening traits have been possessed by young pigl of the experimental group have been received the premix Khutorok in their diet at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of using the premix Khutorok in the feeding pigs for fattening.

THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND AGE OF MALE AT CASTRATION ON GROWTH AND CARCASS QUALITY OF YORKSHIRE SWINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Charette
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Effect On Growth

The effects of sex and age of castration of males on growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in bacon type swine were measured using 16 pigs each as gilts, entire boars, and boars castrated at birth, 6, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age. Castration at 20 weeks was too late since some pigs reached 200 pounds live weight before that age. Boars consumed less feed daily than barrows and gilts, were thinner in loin fat, and yielded a higher percentage of shoulder than gilts. The carcasses of boars and gilts were longer, had less fat covering over the shoulder and back, a larger area of loin, and a higher iodine number than those castrated late. Acceptability tests showed that sex or age of castration did not affect the flavour, odour, or tenderness of the meat.Purebred breeders can delay castration for better selection of boars without any serious effect on growth, physical carcass characteristics, and feed requirements. Although the market discriminates against boars, it appears questionable whether castration is necessary when boars are slaughtered at 200 pounds before they reach the age of 150 days.

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