The influence of heat and chemical treatment on ruminal disappearance of canola meal

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
J. A. Olubobokun ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Duration Of Heating ◽  
Increased Icp

The influence of temperature (125 or 145 °C) and duration (10, 20 or 30 min) of heating, or chemical treatment (acetic (AA) or formic (FA) acid) on in vitro insoluble DM (IDM) and insoluble CP (ICP) and 12 h in situ ruminal disappearance of canola meal was examined. Ruminal disappearances of dry matter (DDM) and crude protein (CPD) were expressed as apparent (ADMD and ACPD), insoluble (IDMD and ICPD) and degradable (DDMD and DCPD). Insoluble DM content was reduced by AA and FA (P < 0.01), while ICP was reduced by FA (P < 0.01). Acid treatment had no effect on in situ DMD or CPD. Heating increased IDM and ICP (P < 0.01). Duration of heating increased ICP at 145 °C (P < 0.01). Apparent DMD was influenced by temperature (P < 0.01) but not duration of heating. Mean ADMD and ACPD for control, 125 and 145 °C were 57.8, 59.6; 36.8, 24.1; and 27.4%, 13.7%, respectively, (P < 0.01). Insoluble and degradable DMD and CPD were reduced by heating (P < 0.01) but the influence of temperature or duration of heating was not consistent. The results indicate that heating at 125 or 145 °C for 10 min or more will reduce in situ DM and CP disappearance of canola meal, and increase the post-ruminal supply of DM and CP. Key words: Canola meal, in vitro solubility, in situ digestibility, heat and acid treatment

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

Modification of In Vitro and In Situ Dry Matter Digestibility of Forages with Chemical Treatment

jpa ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Turner ◽  
G. T. Schelling ◽  
L. W. Greene ◽  
F. M. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

scholarly journals Efecto de Caryodendron orinocense sobre la degradación de la materia seca

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Pablo Losada Aguilar ◽  
Aurora Cuesta Peralta ◽  
Juan De Jesús Vargas Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Animal Sciences

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in situ dry matter degradation by including cacay cake (Caryodendron orinocense) on a diet based on Brachiaria dictyoneura. The experiment was developed in an animal nutrition laboratory on the Animal Sciences Faculty at the Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia, in July 2015. Four treatments were evaluated: B. dictyoneura, cacay cake and two mixtures of B. dictyoneura: cacay cake (80:20 and 60:40). The chemical composition and the in vitro and in situ degradability of the dry matter and the crude protein, at 48 hours were determined. The variables were analyzed through a complete randomized design with four treatments. The inclusion of cacay cake decreased the cell wall-associated with carbohydrate concentration and increased the higher digestibility nutrients; the crude protein and dry matter, in situ and in vitro degradability increased 22, 6 and 38%, respectively. In conclusion, the inclusion of cacay cake on a diet of B. dictyoneura improves dry matter degradation in vitro and in situ conditions.

scholarly journals Ruminal Degradability and Summative Models Evaluation for Total Digestible Nutrients Prediction of Some Forages and Byproducts in Goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Rosendo ◽  
Luis Freitez ◽  
Rafael López
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Lineal Regression

In in vitro true dry matter degradability (IVTDMD), in situ dry matter degradability, and neutral detergent fiber degradability, both in vitro (IVNDFD) and in situ (ISNDFD) techniques were used with crossbred goats to determine dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ruminal degradability in eight forages and four industrial byproducts. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) content obtained with five different summative models (summative equations) were studied to compare the precision of estimates. All these models included digestible fractions of crude protein, ether extract, and nonfiber carbohydrates that were calculated from chemical composition, but digestible NDF (dNDF) was obtained from IVNDFD (IVdNDF), ISNDFD (ISdNDF), or by using the Surface Law approach. On the basis of the coefficient of determination (R2) of the simple lineal regression of predicted TDN (y-axes) and observed IVTDMD (x-axes), the precision of models was tested. The predicted TDN by the National Research Council model exclusively based on chemical composition only explains up to 41% of observed IVTDMD values, whereas the model based on IVdNDF had a high precision (96%) to predict TDN from forage and byproducts fiber when used in goats.

scholarly journals Potential of Recycling Cauliflower and Romanesco Wastes in Ruminant Feeding: In Vitro Studies

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinidad de Evan ◽  
Andrea Vintimilla ◽  
Eduarda Molina-Alcaide ◽  
María Ranilla ◽  
María Carro
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed by analyzing their chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in vitro intestinal digestibility. In addition, the in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets containing increasing amounts of CAU was studied. The dry matter (DM) content of leaves, stems and sprouts of both vegetables was lower than 10%, but they contained high crude protein (CP; 19.9 to 33.0%) and sugar (16.3 to 28.7%) levels, and low neutral detergent fiber (21.6 to 32.3%). Stems and sprouts were more rapidly and extensively fermented in the rumen than leaves, but there were only minor differences the fermentation profiles of both vegetables. The estimated metabolizable energy content ranged from 9.3 (leaves) to 10.8 (sprouts) MJ/kg DM. The CP rumen degradability (12-h in situ incubations) was greater than 80.0% for all fractions, and the in vitro intestinal digestibility of CP ranged from 85.7 to 93.2%. The inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentrate of a mixed diet (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased the in vitro rumen fermentation of the CAU diet, but did not affect methane (CH4) production, indicating the lack of antimethanogenic compounds in CAU.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing alfalfa hay with Leucaena leucocephala (L. Leucocephala) leaves on in vitro gas production, digestibility and in situ degradability in buffalo

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e52129
Author(s):  
Tahereh Mohammadabadi ◽  
Morteza Chaji ◽  
Ehsan Direkvandi ◽  
Othman Alqaisi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments

. This study was performed to investigate the effect of replacing alfalfa hay by L. leucocephala leaves in proportions of 25, 50 and 100% on in vitro gas production (GP) parameter, digestibility and in situ degradability in buffalo. Results showed that the volume of GP at 2 to 12 hours after incubation was significantly affected by replacing alfalfa hay with L. leucocephala leaves. In vitro digestibility of organic matter (OMD) differed significantly between treatment as it declined by increasing the alfalfa hay substitution rate from 25 to 100%. The microbial crude protein (MCP) differed significantly between treatments and was the greatest of 589 and 599 mg g-1 of dry matter (DM) when L. leucocephala leaves replaced alfalfa hay at 25 and 50%. The in vitro digestibility of DM (IVDMD) increased significantly at 50% L. leucocephala replacement rate. Moreover, substituting alfalfa hay by L. leucocephala had a significant effect on the in situ degradability parameters. The insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (B) and potential of degradability (A+B) significantly increased for treatment contain 50% L. leucocephala leaves. The effective degradability (ED) was significantly different between dietary treatments and was the greatest when alfalfa hay was replaced by 25 and 50% L. leucocephala. In conclusion, L. leucocephala leaves can substitute 25 to 50% of dietary alfalfa hay in buffalo rations without effect on rumen efficiency.

Variability in the rumen degradability and postruminal digestion of the dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids of canola meal

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Kendall ◽  
J. R. Ingalls ◽  
R. J. Boila
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Processing Plants

The rumen degradability and postruminal digestion of rumen escape dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and metabolically essential amino acids (EAA) for canola meal (CM) from five different processing plants (samples 1–5) and one sample of soybean meal (SBM) were compared. Rumen degradability was estimated by incubating sample-filled small nylon bags in situ in the rumen of steers for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 30 h. Postruminal digestion was estimated using a sequence of ruminal in situ incubations for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 h, in vitro incubation in an acid-pepsin solution and a mobile nylon bag technique distal to the abomasum. The rumen escape of nutrients for CM1 was consistently lower compared to other CM samples, while CM4 resulted in the highest escape of nutrients at 30 h. An estimate of maximum degradability of EAA measured at 30 h differed among CM samples, with the rumen escape of EAA being CM4 > CM2 = CM5 ≥ CM1 = CM3 > SBM. The DM, N and EAA content of mobile bag residues was relatively uniform among CM samples, particularly after 12 and 16 h of ruminal fermentation, but was higher for CM than for SBM, probably due to a low digestibility of CM hulls. The rumen degradability of CM from different processing plants differed and as a consequence the postruminal digestion of nutrients in CM differed. Key words: Canola meal, rumen degradability, postruminal digestion, dry matter, nitrogen, amino acids

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