scholarly journals Potential of Recycling Cauliflower and Romanesco Wastes in Ruminant Feeding: In Vitro Studies

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinidad de Evan ◽  
Andrea Vintimilla ◽  
Eduarda Molina-Alcaide ◽  
María Ranilla ◽  
María Carro
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed by analyzing their chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in vitro intestinal digestibility. In addition, the in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets containing increasing amounts of CAU was studied. The dry matter (DM) content of leaves, stems and sprouts of both vegetables was lower than 10%, but they contained high crude protein (CP; 19.9 to 33.0%) and sugar (16.3 to 28.7%) levels, and low neutral detergent fiber (21.6 to 32.3%). Stems and sprouts were more rapidly and extensively fermented in the rumen than leaves, but there were only minor differences the fermentation profiles of both vegetables. The estimated metabolizable energy content ranged from 9.3 (leaves) to 10.8 (sprouts) MJ/kg DM. The CP rumen degradability (12-h in situ incubations) was greater than 80.0% for all fractions, and the in vitro intestinal digestibility of CP ranged from 85.7 to 93.2%. The inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentrate of a mixed diet (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased the in vitro rumen fermentation of the CAU diet, but did not affect methane (CH4) production, indicating the lack of antimethanogenic compounds in CAU.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals Effect of crude glycerol on in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Peripolli ◽  
Ênio Rosa Prates ◽  
Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos ◽  
Cássio André Wilbert ◽  
Cláudia Medeiros Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

The interest in using crude glycerol in animal feeding has reemerged due to its increasing availability and favorable price resulting from the expansion of biofuel industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting corn for crude glycerol at different levels in the diet on ruminal fermentation using in-vitro true digestibility parameters. The experimental treatments consisted of substituting corn for liquid crude glycerol (0; 4; 8 and 12%) in dry matter basis. Diets consisted of 60% alfalfa hay and 40% corn and glycerol substituted the corn in the diet. In addition to the 48 hours traditionally applied in digestibility assays, different in-vitro digestibility times were used (0; 4; 8; 16; 48, 72 and 96 hours) in order to study digestion kinetics. The dietary corn substitution for increasing crude glycerol levels did not affect ammonia nitrogen content, metabolizable energy content, in-vitro digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, nor ruminal degradation parameters. However this by-product of biodiesel production may be tested in-vivo as an alternative energy feedstuff in ruminant diets.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Brassica Vegetables as Potential Feed for Ruminants

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinidad de Evan ◽  
Andrea Vintimilla ◽  
Carlos N. Marcos ◽  
María José Ranilla ◽  
María Dolores Carro
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, and intestinal digestibility of discarded samples of four Brassica vegetables: Brussels sprouts (BS), white cabbage, Savoy cabbage, and red cabbage, and to assess the effects of including increasing amounts of BS in the concentrate of a dairy sheep diet on in vitro fermentation, CH4 production, and in situ degradation of the diets. All cabbages had low dry matter content (DM; <16.5%), but their DM had high crude protein (19.5–24.8%) and sugars (27.2–41.4%) content and low neutral detergent fiber (17.5–28%) and was rapidly and extensively fermented in the rumen. Rumen degradability of protein at 12 h of in situ incubation was greater than 91.5% for all cabbages, and in vitro intestinal digestibility of protein ranged from 61.4 to 90.2%. Replacing barley, corn, and soybean meal by 24% of dried BS in the concentrate of a diet for dairy sheep (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased in vitro diet fermentation and in situ degradability of DM and protein, and reduced in vitro CH4/total volatile fatty acid ratio. In vivo trials are necessary to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Nutritional diversity of agricultural and agro-industrial by-products for ruminant feeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1246-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.G. Azevêdo ◽  
S.C. Valadares Filho ◽  
D.S. Pina ◽  
E. Detmann ◽  
L.G.R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
By Products

Fifty-seven by-products were collected from regions throughout Brazil. Chemical composition, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were determined with the objective of grouping by-products with similar nutritional characteristics. The by-products belonging to group one (G1) presented the highest content of neutral detergent fiber exclusive of ash and nitrogenous compounds [aNDFom(n)] and lowest energy content, with 42.5% and 38.8% of IVNDFD and TDN, respectively. A new cluster analysis was carried in order to better characterize G2 by-products, six subgroups (SGs) were established (SG1 to SG6). SG1 by-products had the highest and the lowest values for lignin and TDN, respectively. SG2 by-products had the highest aNDFom(n) value, with TDN and IVNDFD values greater than 600 and 700g/kg, respectively, and crude protein (CP) value below 200g/kg in dry matter (DM). Among all the subgroups, SG3 had the highest TDN (772g/kg) and IVNDFD (934g/kg) values and the lowest lignin (23g/kg in DM) value. The ether extract was what most influenced the hierarchical establishment of residual grouping in SG4. SG5 by-products had the highest concentration of non-fibrous carbohydrate. Different from the other subgroups, SG6 by-products had the highest value of available CP.

scholarly journals Ruminal Degradability and Summative Models Evaluation for Total Digestible Nutrients Prediction of Some Forages and Byproducts in Goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Rosendo ◽  
Luis Freitez ◽  
Rafael López
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Lineal Regression

In in vitro true dry matter degradability (IVTDMD), in situ dry matter degradability, and neutral detergent fiber degradability, both in vitro (IVNDFD) and in situ (ISNDFD) techniques were used with crossbred goats to determine dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ruminal degradability in eight forages and four industrial byproducts. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) content obtained with five different summative models (summative equations) were studied to compare the precision of estimates. All these models included digestible fractions of crude protein, ether extract, and nonfiber carbohydrates that were calculated from chemical composition, but digestible NDF (dNDF) was obtained from IVNDFD (IVdNDF), ISNDFD (ISdNDF), or by using the Surface Law approach. On the basis of the coefficient of determination (R2) of the simple lineal regression of predicted TDN (y-axes) and observed IVTDMD (x-axes), the precision of models was tested. The predicted TDN by the National Research Council model exclusively based on chemical composition only explains up to 41% of observed IVTDMD values, whereas the model based on IVdNDF had a high precision (96%) to predict TDN from forage and byproducts fiber when used in goats.

scholarly journals Short communication: The effect of different inclusion levels of polyethylene glycol as a silage additive on ensilage characteristics of pomegranate peel and in vitro rumen fermentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e06SC01
Author(s):  
Ali Hatami ◽  
Daryoush Alipour ◽  
Fardin Hozhabri ◽  
Meisam Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Pomegranate Peel

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ensiling pomegranate peel (PP) with different levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on its chemical composition, tannin content, <em>in vitro</em> gas production and fermentation characteristics. Fresh PP was chopped and ensiled in mini silos made of polyvinyl chloride tubing. Five levels of PEG were studied: 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20% of fresh PP (dry matter basis). Total phenolics, total tannins, crude ash, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content and pH decreased with increasing PEG levels, whereas dry matter and non-fiber carbohydrates content, non-tannin phenols, lactic acid and ammonia concentrations and buffering capacity increased. The water soluble carbohydrates and ether extract concentrations were not influenced by the addition of PEG. The partitioning factor and efficiency of microbial biomass production were quadratically decreased (<em>p</em>=0.020 and <em>p</em>=0.032, respectively) as PEG inclusion increased, but the <em>in vitro </em>apparent dry matter disappearance did not differ among treatments. Compared to control, the <em>in vitro</em> true disappearance and <em>in vitro</em> fiber digestibility had a tendency to be higher in silages treated with PEG (<em>p</em>=0.081 and <em>p</em>=0.069, respectively). The metabolizable energy content and total volatile fatty acids concentration increased quadratically by PEG inclusion. The asymptotic gas production and rate of gas production were higher in PEG-treated silages. Overall, ensiling PP with PEG can improve the fermentation characteristics of this by-product.</p>

scholarly journals 260 Comparison of nutrients and in vitro degradability of ryegrass (Lolium Multiforum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) in central region of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Mehmet Basalan ◽  
A Volkan Cetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Abstract Study was conducted to determine the adaptability of ryegrass to the ration of ruminants in central region of Turkey. Both ryegrass and alfalfa were planted in Cankiri and Corum cities which are located in similar geographic and climatic conditions. Forage samples were obtained during second, third and fourth harvesting times. in each sample, dry matter (DM), crude fat (EE), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude cellulose (CS), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels were determined based on AOAC methods. Metabolizable Energy levels of both ryegrass and alfalfa were calculated. In vitro disappearance of dry matter was measured by incubation of dacron bags in rumen fluid for 72 hours in Ankom® daisy incubator and extent of disappearance were determined. Generalized linear model was applied to analyze data and means were separated by using LSD. Although dry matter levels were similar (P &gt; 0,05), ash and fat levels were significantly higher in ryegrass than those in alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). Additionally, as it was expected, crude protein content of ryegrass was significantly lower than that of alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). NDF contents of both feeds were similar and ADF levels of alfalfa were slightly higher in only second harvest date. Metabolizable energy levels of ryegrass in all harvested times were statistically higher than those in all harvested dates in alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). DM disappearance of ryegrass was significantly higher than that of alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). In conclusion, ryegrass may have some advantages in regions with limited forage sources. Additionally it may be alternative or substitute to the traditional small grain forages. Further research needed to show those advantages of ryegrass in nutrients to extrapolate consumption preferences or performance of beef or dairy cattle.

Evaluation of soil amendments in perennial ryegrass pastures associated with white and red clover in small-scale milk production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cloe Dafne Álvarez García ◽  
Carlos Manuel Arriaga Jordán ◽  
Julieta Gertrudis Estrada Flores ◽  
Felipe López González
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Small Scale

Objective:  evaluate the effect of the inclusion of lime and dolomite soil amendments in an established pasture of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cv. Tetragrain associated with white clover (Trifolium repens) cv. Ladino and red clover (Trifolium pratense) cv. Kendall. Methodology: Three treatments of soil amendments were implemented on a perennial ryegrass with white and red clover pasture A split plot experimental design was used. The treatments were: T1= control treatment (without soil amendment), T2= lime and T3= dolomite. The evaluated variables were: herbage mass (HM), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and estimated metabolizable energy (eME). Results: There were significant differences in all evaluated variables, the interaction between experimental periods and treatments was not significant for any variable. The treatments did not affect herbage mass. As for the the soil, a decrease in pH is observed at the end of the experiment, and there was an increase in the total soluble calcium, magnesium and nitrogen and a decrease in aluminum. Implications: This study illustrates the use of soil amendments, which somehow modulate effects of the farmer practices on the pasture soils. Conclusions: Inclusion of soil amendments in pastures did not increase dry matter production, content of FDN, FDA or IVDMD, but increased crude protein and evaluated minerals, and decreases aluminum.

scholarly journals Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acids reduces in vitro methane production

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
E. Maleki ◽  
G.Y. Meng ◽  
M. Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
R. Jorfi ◽  
A. Khoddami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil (PSO) on gas and methane (CH4) production, ruminal fermentation and microbial populations under in vitro conditions. Three treatments consisting of a control diet containing 10 mg tallow (CON); the control diet with 5 mg PSO + 5 mg tallow (MPSO) and the control diet containing 10 mg PSO (HPSO) were compared. Ten mg of the experimental fat/oil samples were inserted into a gas-tight 100 mL plastic syringe containing 30 mL of an incubation inoculum and 250 mg of a basic substrate of a hay/concentrate (1/1, w/w) mixture. In vitro gas production was recorded over 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 hours, incubation was stopped, and methane production, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial counts were measured in the inoculant. Gas production at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h incubation, metabolizable energy and in vitro organic matter disappearance increased linearly and quadratically as level of PSO increased. Furthermore, the 10 mg PSO (HPSO) decreased CH4 production by 21.0% compared with the control (CON) group. There were no significant differences in total and individual VFA concentrations between different levels of PSO, except for butyric acid. After 24 h of incubation, methanogenesis decreased in the HPSO compared with the MPSO and CON treatments. In addition, total bacteria and protozoa counts increased with rising PSO levels, while population methanogenesis declined significantly. These results suggested that PSO could reduce methane emissions, which might be beneficial to nutrient utilization and growth in ruminants.

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