Nutritional characteristics of Angus cows differing in lifetime calf production

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-606
Author(s):  
William D. Hohenboken ◽  
Roger T. Bass II ◽  
J. P. Fontenot ◽  
William H. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fat Accretion

Cows with better versus poorer lifetime calf production did not differ significantly in intake or passage rate of digesta under ad libitum concentrate or roughage feeding. On the concentrate diet, better cows tended towards greater fat accretion than poorer cows. On roughage they maintained, while poorer cows lost fat thickness. Key words: Cows, intake, passage rate, fat thickness

QUALITÉ DES CARCASSES DES TAURILLONS HOLSTEIN ALIMENTÉS À DEUX NIVEAUX D'ORGE EN PÉRIODE DE FINITION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-858
Author(s):  
S. A. POMMIER ◽  
P. M. FLIPOT ◽  
G. LALANDE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Feeding Systems

We studied the effects of two levels of barley in the finishing period on the carcass characteristics of 129 Holstein bulls reared on different feeding systems. Greater fat thickness (P < 0.05) was associated with higher barley levels in the finishing period. Animals fed barley ad libitum produced a greater proportion of grade A1 and B1 carcasses compared to animals fed only 5 kg of barley (28.0 and 48.0% vs. 12.0 and 37.0%, respectively, P < 0.05). Key words: Carcass, Holstein bulls, energy levels, barley, management

ACETATE AND FREE FATTY ACID METABOLISM IN THE FAT-TAILLED SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 244-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. VAN DER WALT ◽  
A. MARAIS ◽  
S. CAMPBELL ◽  
J. M. GOODEN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Two-thirds of all acetate to FFA conversion takes place in the hindquarter of Karakul lambs fed ad libitum. An amount equivalent to two-thirds of this net FFA production is taken up by the hind-quarter. Half ad libitum feeding resulted in halving the whole-body acteate turnover, reversing the direction of carbon flow from FFA to acetate and doubling the FFA turnover, chiefly by mobilizing tail fat. Resumption of ad libitum feeding reversed the process, without synthesizing FFA from acetate. Key words: Sheep, growth, fat-tail, FFA, acetate, turnover

THE EFFECTS OF CARCASS GRADE AND SEX ON THE LEAN CONTENT OF BEEF CARCASSES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
W. M. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

Heifer (n = 82) and steer (n = 89) carcasses were compared for lean content at the same grade (Canada A1 or A2), or at the same depth of average rib fat thickness within a grade (8.5 or 12.1 mm). Lean content for A1 grade carcasses was found to average 63.3% with a range from 55.6 to 69.2%. The corresponding figures for A2 grade carcasses were 60.0% lean and a range from 53.7 to 66.2%. A1 grade steer carcasses were found to contain 1.7% more lean than A1 grade heifer carcasses, but this difference was reduced to 1.2% when the comparison was made at an equal depth of subcutaneous fat thickness. There were no sex differences in lean content for A2 grade carcasses. The results are discussed with reference to lean content variation in existing carcass grades and pricing policies for heifer and steer carcasses of the same carcass grade. Key words: Beef, carcasses, steer, heifer, composition, grade

THE EFFECT OF RIBBING SITE ON FAT THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS AND THE PREDICTION OF BEEF CARCASS COMPOSITION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-545
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
A. H. MARTIN ◽  
W. M. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Beef Carcass

Over a 2-yr period, 409 beef carcasses were used to assess the differences of ribbing site (11/12th vs. 12/13th) on fat thickness measurements and the use of these measurements to predict carcass composition. Minimum fat thickness taken at the location specified for use under Canadian beef carcass grading procedures was 1.6 mm less, averaged over all carcasses at the 13th rib, compared with the same measurement taken at the 12th rib. Prediction equations for estimating carcass lean or fat content based on coefficients of determination and residual standard deviations had similar precision using fat thickness measurements from either ribbing site. These results are discussed in reference to National carcass grading procedures. Key words: Carcass grading, fat thickness, carcass composition

EFFECT OF ADDING POTENTIAL VOMITOXIN (DEOXYNIVALENOL) DETOXICANTS OR A F. graminearum INOCULATED CORN SUPPLEMENT TO WHEAT DIETS FED TO PIGS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
H. L. TRENHOLM ◽  
K. E. HARTIN ◽  
J. C. YOUNG ◽  
B. K. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Stomach Mucosa ◽  
Ad Libitum

Six groups each of five barrows and five gilts were offered ad libitum one of six pelleted diets containing 68% wheat. A pellet binder was added (1.5%) to all diets. There were three clean wheat diets, one unsupplemented, one supplemented with a binding agent (Antitox Vana) and another with Fusarium graminearum inoculated corn; also, three vomitoxin-contaminated wheat diets, one unsupplemented, one supplemented with Antitox Vana and another with ammonium carbonate. Vomitoxin content was negligible in the clean wheat (control) diet, and was about 5 mg/kg in the three contaminated diets and 14 mg/kg in the inoculated corn diet. Pigs weighed 35 kg initially and a necropsy was conducted on each after 5 wk on experiment. Feed consumption was reduced 15–17% with the contaminated wheat diets, and approximately 50% with the inoculated corn diet from which effect the pigs seemed never to recover to the level of those fed the contaminated wheat diets. Discoloration of the stomach mucosa, and epithelial thickening of the esophageal area occurred in more pigs fed the contaminated wheat diets than those fed the clean wheat (control) diet, and a more marked response was evoked by the inoculated corn diet. The addition of the binding agent or the ammonium carbonate did not appear in this experiment to alleviate any of these effects. Key words: Vomitoxin, deoxynivalenol, antitoxin, wheat, inoculated corn, pigs

Influence of Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase supplementation of wheat and corn based diets on growth performance of pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Van Lunen ◽  
H. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing wheat- and corn-based diets with xylanase on growth performance and FCR of pigs from 10 to 18 wk of age. Seventy-tow castrated male pigs were assigned to pens of two and in a randomized block design to six dietary treatments consisting of diets containing 60% wheat, 40% wheat and 20% corn, and 20% wheat and 40% corn with and without supplementation with xylanase. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Xylanase supplementation improved growth rate and FCR by 9.2 and 5.3%, respectively, regardless of level of wheat and corn inclusion. Key words: Pig, growth, feed enzyme, Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase, wheat, corn

Fattening steers on hay and oats

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Corah ◽  
IE Saxton ◽  
AH Bishop ◽  
SA Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Hereford steers aged 18 to 20 months were confined in feedlots and given rations of baled pasture hay and whole oat grain during late summer in two successive years. Mid-season hay ad libitum plus 1.4, 2.7, or 4.1 kg of oats a day were used in experiment 1 and early hay with 1.4, 2.7, or 4.1 kg of oats and mid-season hay with 2.7, 4.1, or 5.4 kg of oats in experiment 2. Steers were slaughtered when they had reached liveweights of approximately 370 kg in the first experiment or 41 6 kg in the second experiment. As the level of oats in the ration increased, the liveweight gain of the steers increased. Those receiving the highest oat rations gaining at 0.8 to 1.1 kg per day. The addition of grain to the diet reduced the time to slaughter, lowered the daily intake of hay, and reduced the quantity of fodder required per unit of liveweight gain. The mean conversion ratios declined by 1.8 units for each additional ten per cent of oats in the ration. The higher levels of grain tended to increase dressing percentage, fat thickness and the quantity of fat in the carcase. The results are discussed in relation to market requirements, availability and relative costs of ration components and the economic implications of fattening in late summer on the price and seasonal distribution on the production of meat. It is concluded that the system would have application in southern Australia for properties raising steers on pasture.

Effects of cooling and supplemental recombinant bovine somatotropin on diet digestibility, digestion kinetics and milk production of cross-bred Holstein cattle in the tropics

2009 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. CHANCHAI ◽  
S. CHANPONGSANG ◽  
N. CHAIYABUTR
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Digesta Passage ◽  
Digestion Kinetics

SUMMARYThe aim of the current study was to determine how cooling and supplemental recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) affect body function with respect to digestion kinetics, digestibility and other variables relevant to milk production in cross-bred Holstein cattle. Ten primiparous cross-bred dairy cattle (0·875 Holstein Friesian×0·125 Red Shindi) were used and divided into two groups of five animals each that were housed in a normal shaded barn (NS barn; non-cooled cows) and in a shaded barn with mist-fan cooling (MF; cooled cows). The cows in each group were supplemented with rbST in early, mid and late stages of lactation with three consecutive subcutaneous injections of 500 mg rbST every 14 days. All cows were fed the same total mixed ration twice daily at approximately 1·1 of assumed ad libitum intake and water was offered ad libitum. During the experimental periods, values of ambient temperatures and temperature humidity index (THI) in the NS barn were significantly higher than in the MF barn, whereas the relative humidity in the MF barn was significantly higher than in the NS barn (P<0·01). The respiration rate and rectal temperature were significantly higher for non-cooled cows than for cooled cows during the daytime whether there was or was not rbST supplementation. Supplementation of rbST for either cooled or non-cooled cows significantly increased dry matter intake (DMI), the efficiency of feed utilization and milk yields (P<0·05). Digesta kinetics using chromic oxide as an external marker showed a high digesta passage rate constant and low mean retention time of digesta in cows either by cooling or supplementation of rbST, whereas no changes were seen for the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF). The half-time of Cr2O3 in the whole digestive tract of cooled cows was lower than those of non-cooled cows and significantly decreased (P<0·05) during rbST supplementation in both groups in all stages of lactation. The magnitude of responses for the digesta passage rate and efficiency of feed utilization were larger in animals supplemented with rbST than in animals under MF cooling only.The main effect of cooling and supplemental rbST was to improve digestion by an increase in the rate of passage of digesta and in turn an increase in feed intake. Digestibility was not influenced by changes in passage rate of digesta either by cooling or rbST supplementation. Milk production in response to rbST supplementation is probably enhanced with cooling. The increased milk production induced by rbST supplementation was mediated by increased efficiency of feed utilization without changes in diet digestibility.

THE MEASUREMENT OF SUBCUTANEOUS FAT THICKNESS IN COLD BEEF CARCASSES WITH AN AUTOMATIC PROBE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
C. R. HAWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Repeated Reading ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Probe Measurement ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Beef Carcass

Left sides from 360 cold beef carcasses were probed at the 11th rib site for fat thickness at three positions (1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 positions). Each probe measurement was repeated and the fat thickness at the three sites was then measured using a ruler. Comparison of probe readings with ruler measures showed that the probe consistantly overpredicted fat thickness by margins ranging from 3 to 8 mm (P < 0.001). Regression of probe readings on ruler measures showed that only in the 1/4 position was the slope not different (P > 0.05) from unity. Regression of the first probe reading on the repeated reading also showed that the slope for the 1/4 position was not different (P > 0.05) from unity. Key words: Beef, carcass grading, fat thickness, FDI

scholarly journals THE ACCURACY OF TWO RECORDING INSTRUMENTS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF SUBCUTANEOUS FAT THICKNESS IN PORK CARCASSES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
O. B. ALLEN ◽  
C. R. HAWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Repeated Reading ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Average Bias ◽  
Average Residual ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Thickness Measurements

The Hennessy and Chong Fat Depth Indicator (FDI) and a compact, ultrasonic instrument (Renco) were compared using 152 pork carcasses. Fat thickness measurements were taken 5 cm off the midline at five locations (shoulder, SF; mid-back, MB; last rib, LR; loin, LO; and lumbar, LU) on both sides of the carcass immediately after sticking (before scalding), after splitting the carcass and 24 h postslaughter (FDI only). Actual thicknesses were determined, using a ruler, for these locations on the left side and at the midline of the split carcass. Instrument readings made on the right or left side of the carcass were not different (P > 0.05). Precision (similarity of first and repeated reading of fat thickness) was higher for the FDI than the Renco with average residual standard deviations for both instruments being 1.2 mm and 1.4 mm, respectively. Precision was similar for all locations except the SF site which had significantly (P < 0.05) poorer values. The average bias was smaller for the FDI than for Renco, but was not large for either instrument except at the shoulder. However, regressions of instrument readings on ruler measurements for both instruments gave slopes that were considerably lower (P < 0.05) than unity with positive values for intercepts. This indicates that fat thickness would be over- and under predicted in lean and fat carcasses, respectively, using both instruments. Key words: Swine, carcass backfat, ultrasonic, fat probes

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