scholarly journals Preparturient diabetogenesis in primiparous gilts

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
A. P. Sather ◽  
E. Beltranena ◽  
A. Pharazyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Balanced Diet

The objective of the present study was to examine gestational diabetogenic effects in lean gilts and the influence that dietary protein may have on glucose tolerance, reproductive performance, maternal insulin and progesterone levels. Twenty-six Lacombe gilts (14 control, 12 treated) and 229 neonate offspring were examined. During gestation all gilts received a 13% crude protein balanced diet on the basis of body weight. The treated animals received the same diet plus an additional 1.3 g kg−1 body weight d−1 of casein starting on day 1 postcoitus. No differences in litter size or birth weight between treatments were observed. However, the proportion of mummified or still-birth fetuses, while within a normal range, tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in control (1.64 ± 0.43 per litter) than in treated pigs (0.58 ± 0.46). In addition, the muscle protein concentration in the neonatal offspring of treated gilts (91.3 ± 0.35 mg g−1) tended to be higher (P = 0.15) than that seen in the control animals (88.7 ± 0.34 mg g−1). All pregnant gilts, irrespective of treatment, displayed a degree of diabetogenesis two weeks prepartum (P ≤ 0.05). However, no differences in blood insulin or progesterone levels were observed between treatments. The data suggest that protein supplementation to the dam may slightly retard gestational onset diabetogenic effects but has only moderate effects on fetal outcome. Key words: Diabetogenesis, lean gilts, dietary protein

scholarly journals Meat production of young and adult Kejobong goats fed diets with different protein concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Nuning Ari Purnami ◽  
Endang Purbowati ◽  
Edy Rianto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein

This study was aimed to examine the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on carcass and meat production in young and adult Kejobong goats. This study used 8 young (5 months) and 8 adult (9 months) Kejobong goats; which were allocated to a randomized nested design, with an age of goat as the nest, and treatment applied was dietary protein concentration (T1: 9.96%; T2: 14.66%). The parameters observed were dry matter intake (DMI), CP intake (CPI), body weight gain (BWG), and the production of carcass meat. The results showed that the DMI of adult goats (910 g/d) was higher (P<0.05) than that of young goats (680 g/d). The goats fed diet T2 had higher (P<0.05) DMI, CPI, and BWG (855 g, 140 g, and 94 g/d, respectively) than those of T1 (725 g/d, 80 g/d, and 59 g/d). Slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass meat weight, and carcass meat percentage of adult goats (28.09 kg, 13.19 kg, 8.60 kg and 64.94%, respectively) were higher (P <0.05) than those of young goats (20.06 kg, 8.72 kg, 5.46 kg, and 62.06%, respectively). The weight and percentage of carcass meat of T2 (8.30 kg and 64.99%, respectively) were higher (P<0.05) than those of T1 (5.75 kg and 62.06%, respectively). The meat-bone ratio of adult goats was higher (P<0.05) than that of young goats (3.53 vs 2.85). The meat-bone ratio of T2 (3.58) was higher (P<0.05) than that of T1 (2.80). It was concluded that adult Kejobong goats produced more meat than the young ones, and the goat-fed diet with 14.66% CP produced more meat than that with 9.96% CP.

scholarly journals Feeding strategy during pregnancy for ewes with a large litter size. 1. Effect of quantity and composition of concentrates on intake and reproductive performance.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 527-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Everts
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Large Litter

In 6 trials, 40 Ile de France X Finnish Landrace ewes 2 to 8 years old were given during pregnancy diets containing 40% energy from concentrates and crude protein (CP) 196 or 91 g/kg or 60% energy from concentrates and CP 189 or 240 g/kg. Mean litter size was 3.26. The sum of the birth weights of lambs was affected by the treatment where a higher protein concentration was combined with a lower degradability of the protein. Net body weight gain was affected by litter size, ketosis and treatment. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake was lower than expected. Treatments with 60% of energy from concentrates showed a higher ME intake than treatments with 40% of energy originating from concentrates. CP intake was higher where a higher protein level was combined with a lower degradability. DM intake in the last 2 months of pregnancy was affected by litter size, age of the ewes, ketosis and feeding treatment. DM intake decreased in the last weeks of pregnancy and was related to litter size, The possible reasons for this effect are discussed. Substitution rates of concentrates to forage depended also on the litter size. The effect of the ketosis on the intake pattern is described. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

The growth to maturity of lean and fat lines of broiler chickens fed diets of different protein content: Evaluation of a model to describe growth and feeding characteristics

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Whitehead ◽  
J. R. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Lean Line

ABSTRACTBody weight and food intake were measured at different ages up to 30 weeks in males and 21 weeks in females in lean, fat and commercial lines of broiler chickens given diets of different crude protein content. The lean and fat lines showed no differences in rates of body-weight gain or final body weights but the lean line had consistently lower food intakes. Dietary protein concentration within the ranges studied did not influence final body weights.Equations derived from a theory of feeding and growth were used along with the data up to 21 weeks of age to calculate mature body weights and various feeding characteristics. These values were compared with those obtained by application of the theory to another set of broiler data. The theory was found to be sufficiently robust to give some consistent interpretations of data from experiments involving considerable differences in time, breed and diet.

The effect on the reproductive performance of sows of dietary protein concentration and pattern of feeding in pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Pike ◽  
T. G. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYIn a factorial experiment the effect of two protein intakes and three patterns of feeding in the second pregnancy of 48 Large White x Wessex Saddleback sows was examined. The high protein (HP) diet (19·5% crude protein) contained 15% white fish meal. The low protein (LP) diet (10·5% crude protein) contained cereal protein only. Nutrient components of the diets differed in protein only. The pattern treatments involved allowances of 1·8 kg (L), 2·7 kg (C) and 3·6 kg (H) per day, the three pregnancy patterns being HL, C and LH with the changeovers made from the 49th to the 63rd day post coitum (p.c). Sows on the three pattern treatments received the same total amount of feed from 0–112 days p.c. and were treated alike at farrowing and during lactation.Fertility and parturition results were similar for all treatments, but the number of piglets alive after birth (when weighed) was least for LP sows on the HL pattern. At 3 weeks of age the size and weight of litters on HP sows were significantly greater than those on LP sows (P < 0·05 and < 0·001 respectively). More piglets were weaned by HP sows than LP sows (P < 0·05). HP sows gained more weight in pregnancy (P < 0·001) which was slightly longer, and lost more weight in lactation (P < 0·05) than LP sows.The HL pattern of feeding was associated with smaller live weight gains in pregnancy than the LH pattern (P < 0·001) and the total birth weight of HL litters was lighter than LH (P < 0·05), mean piglet weights being similar. Lactation performance was unaffected by pattern treatment.The main conclusion is that a low intake, particularly during the latter half of pregnancy, of protein which is of vegetable origin, is associated with decreased viability of the piglets at birth and in early suckling life, and with lower capacity of the sows for milk production.

The effect of level of feeding on the response of lactating ewes to dietary supplements of fish meal

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Gonzalez ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
I. McHattie
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Low Protein

ABSTRACTThirty-six individually-penned ewes (mean live weight 69 kg), each suckling two lambs, were given one of three diets containing either 128 (low), 155 (medium) or 186 (high) g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter. All diets contained (g/kg), milled hay, 570; molasses, 95; and a barley/fish meal concentrate, 330. The three protein concentrations were achieved by adjusting the proportions of barley and fish meal in the concentrate. Each diet was given at daily metabolizable energy (ME) intakes of 19, 23 and 27 MJ. Mean daily yields of milk in weeks 3 to 8 of lactation for ewes given the diet with the low concentration of crude protein increased from 2·32 kg at 19 MJ ME to 2·53 kg at 27 MJ. Corresponding values for the medium concentration of CP were 2·49 and 2·67 kg and for the high concentration 2·52 and 3·09 kg (P < 0·05 for differences between ME intakes and differences between dietary protein concentrations). For milk composition, interactions between the concentration of dietary protein and level of ME intake were not statistically significant but the main treatment effects were significant, with the protein concentration in milk increasing from 49·6 g/kg for ewes given the low concentration of dietary protein to 54·1 g/kg for those given the high (P < 0·001). Corresponding values for protein concentration in milk for the lowest and highest energy intake were 51·2 and 53·4 g/kg (P < 0·05). Losses of tissue protein were variable but decreased from 26 g/day for ewes given the low-protein diet to 8 g/day for those given the high. In discussing the responses in milk yield to dietary protein and ME intake attention is drawn to the modifying influence of the energy contributed from body tissue.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performance, Blood Biochemistry Profile, Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Carcass and Meat Quality of Heavy Fattening Assaf Lambs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2177
Author(s):  
Cristina Saro ◽  
Javier Mateo ◽  
Irma Caro ◽  
Diego Eloy Carballo ◽  
Miguel Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Status

Thirty Assaf male lambs (30 ± 1.9 kg of body weight) were allocated to three groups fed diets differing in their crude protein (CP) contents (low protein (LP), 134 g CP/kg dry matter (DM); medium protein (MP), 157 g CP/kg DM; and high protein (HP), 173 g CP/kg DM) to test the effect of dietary protein content on animal performance, rumen function, animal health, and carcass and meat quality. Feed intake was recorded daily, and animals were weighed every second week. Lambs were blood-sampled to determine their acid–base status and biochemical profile. After 70 days of trial, lambs were slaughtered, and the ruminal content was collected to assess ruminal fermentation. Finally, carcass and meat quality were evaluated. Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased (p < 0.05) when increasing the level of dietary CP. There were not significant differences (p > 0.05) in the evaluated parameters in the rumen fluid of lambs. There were not significant differences in carcass or meat quality (p > 0.05) and in those parameters related to blood acid–base status. Several biochemical parameters showed differences depending on diet CP level (urea, protein, albumin, glucose, and calcium; p < 0.05). Feeding costs calculated in relation to cold carcass weight decreased when dietary CP decreased. The results suggested that a dietary protein content greater than 157 g/kg DM would be required to maximize growth performance in Assaf male fattening lambs under 50 kg of body weight. However, a protein content beyond that level was not found to improve either carcass or meat quality and could worsen profitability.

Muscle protein turnover in the elderly and its potential contribution to the development of sarcopenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Murton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Anabolic Response ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Anabolic Resistance

The underlying aetiology of sarcopenia appears multifaceted and not yet fully defined, but ultimately involves the gradual loss of muscle protein content over time. The present evidence suggests that the loss of lean tissue in the elderly is exacerbated by low dietary protein intake. Moreover, acute stable-isotope-based methodologies have demonstrated that the muscle anabolic response to a given amount of protein may decline with age, a phenomenon that has been termed anabolic resistance. Although the mechanism responsible for the inability of muscle to mount a satisfactory anabolic response to protein provision with increasing age is presently unknown, it does not appear due to impaired digestion or absorption of dietary protein. Rather, the issue could reside with any combination of: a diminished delivery of amino acids to peripheral tissues, impaired uptake of amino acids into muscle cells, or an inability of amino acids to elicit intracellular events pivotal for anabolism to occur. Despite the presence of anabolic resistance to dietary protein, present evidence suggests that protein supplementation may be able to overcome these issues, particularly when combined with resistance exercise programmes. As such, protein supplementation may prove to be an effective approach to delay the loss of muscle mass with age and has led to calls for the recommended daily intake of protein to be increased for the elderly population.

scholarly journals Changes in the activity of skeletal muscle calcium-activated neutral proteinase (EC 3. 4. 22. 17) and its specific inhibitor in chickens grown at different rates in response to graded levels of dietary protein

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ballard ◽  
R. G. Bardsley ◽  
P. J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Neutral Proteinase ◽  
Muscle Calcium

1. Two experiments are reported in which the effect of alteration in growth rate on the levels of avian skeletal muscle calcium-activated neutral proteinase (EC 3.4.22. 17) (CANP or calpain) and its specific inhibitor (calpastatin), a system thought to be implicated in myofibrillar catabolism, was studied by means of manipulation of dietary protein concentration.2. In Expt 1 broiler chicks were given free access to diets containing 105, 149, 197 and 212 g protein/kg for 20 d. In Expt 2 the four dietary treatments were 119, 141, 182 and 227 g protein/kg diet given for 16 d. Chick growth rate and total leg skeletal muscle weight significantly increased (P < 0·001) with increasing dietary protein concentration in both experiments. Total skeletal muscle protein increased with the level of dietary protein, the effect being significant (P < 0·01 and P < 0·001 in Expts 1 and 2 respectively).3. Minced leg muscle was homogenized in low-salt buffers, and the extract chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose to separate proteinase and inhibitor activity. The partially purified CANP enzyme and inhibitor proteins were present at a concentration broadly consistent with literature reports, and their elution characteristics and Ca2+ concentration dependence were not varied by dietary protein concentration.4. Both the muscle CANP and CANP inhibitor activities (units/kg muscle) exhibited upward trends with growth rate and increased muscle weight. However, these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0·05) and were not present at all when the results were expressed as units/g muscle protein.

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