GLUCOSE AND ALANINE METABOLISM IN CHRONICALLY COLD-EXPOSED SHEEP

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD J. EARLY ◽  
JAMES R. THOMPSON ◽  
ROBERT J. CHRISTOPHERSON
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Per Se

Glucose and alanine metabolic interrelationships (measured with 3H-glucose and 14C-alanine) were examined in closely shorn wethers subjected to thermoneutral (TN) temperatures or chronic cold exposure (CE, < 21 d). Three treatments (n = 5–6 per treatment) were used: (1) fed to maintain weight at 18–20 °C (TN-Low); (2) fed to maintain weight at 0–4 °C (1.5 × TN-Low intake, CE-Hi); and (3) fed at CE-Hi intake at 18–20 °C (TN-Hi) to distinguish effects of the higher feed intake in the CE-Hi sheep from the cold per se. Plasma glucose pool size increased (P < 0.1) in CE-Hi sheep from 1.81 (TN-Low) and 1.83 (TN-Hi) to 2.40 mmol kg−0.75. Plasma glucose entry rates increased (P < 0.001) from 0.91 (TN-Low) to 1.29 (TN-Hi) to 1.78 (CE-Hi) mmol h−1 kg−0.75. Plasma alanine entry rates showed a tendency (P = 0.19) to increase in the CE-Hi sheep. Percentage alanine converted to glucose increased (P < 0.1) from 14.2% (TN-Low) and 13.4% (TN-Hi) to 21.5% (CE-Hi). These results indicate that increased glucose metabolism in cold-exposed sheep is a chronic adaptation. The data also suggest that the rate of alanine conversion to glucose increases during chronic cold exposure. Key words: Alanine, glucose, chronic cold exposure, sheep

EFFECT OF FASTING ON PLASMA GLUCOSE KINETICS IN DOUBLE-MUSCLED CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. STRATH ◽  
J. R. THOMPSON ◽  
R. J. CHRISTOPHERSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Entry Rate

The effect of a 4-day fast on plasma glucose kinetics was determined with three 14-mo-old carrier bulls and three of their double-muscled (DM) half-siblings. Glucose entry rate and irreversible loss were less (P < 0.05) during fasting for both animal types. Glucose pool size was greater (P < 0.05) in carrier than in DM bulls. Key words: Plasma, glucose kinetics, double-muscled bulls

scholarly journals Examination of Potential Mechanisms in the Enhancement of Cerebral Blood Flow by Hypoglycemia and Pharmacological Doses of Deoxyglucose

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoaki Horinaka ◽  
Nicole Artz ◽  
Jane Jehle ◽  
Shinichi Takahashi ◽  
Charles Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Insulin Hypoglycemia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Plasma

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) rises when the glucose supply to the brain is limited by hypoglycemia or glucose metabolism is inhibited by pharmacological doses of 2-deoxyglucose (DG). The present studies in unanesthetized rats with insulin-induced hypoglycemia show that the increases in CBF, measured with the [14C]iodoantipyrine method, are relatively small until arterial plasma glucose levels fall to 2.5 to 3.0 m M, at which point CBF rises sharply. A direct effect of insulin on CBF was excluded; insulin administered under euglycemic conditions maintained by glucose injections had no effects on CBF. Insulin administration raised plasma lactate levels and decreased plasma K+ and HCO3– concentrations and arterial pH. These could not, however, be related to the increased CBF because insulin under euglycemic conditions had similar effects without affecting CBF; furthermore, the inhibition of brain glucose metabolism with pharmacological doses (200 mg/kg intravenously) of DG increased CBF, just like insulin hypoglycemia, without altering plasma lactate and K+ levels and arterial blood gas tensions and pH. Nitric oxide also does not appear to mediate the increases in CBF. Chronic blockade of nitric oxide synthase activity by twice daily i.p. injections of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester for 4 days or acutely by a single i.v. injection raised arterial blood pressure and lowered CBF in normoglycemic, hypoglycemic, and DG-treated rats but did not significantly reduce the increases in CBF due to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (arterial plasma glucose levels, 2.5-3 m M) or pharmacological doses of deoxyglucose.

EFFECT OF INTRARUMINAL INFUSION OF PROPIONIC ACID ON PLASMA METABOLITES IN GOATS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. EMMANUEL ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Data Support

Effects of intraruminal infusion of propionic acid at 5.5 and 13.7 g/h on plasma metabolites have been investigated in goats fed a concentrate-roughage ration at 2-h intervals. Propionic acid increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, but did not change those of lactate, D(−)-3-hydroxybutyrate and prolactin. Data support the glucogenic theory in relation to low milk fat syndrome. Key words: Metabolites, plasma, goats, propionic acid

Effects of oral administration of polystyrene nanoplastics on plasma glucose metabolism in mice

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 132607
Author(s):  
Xingpei Fan ◽  
Xiangjuan Wei ◽  
Hailong Hu ◽  
Boya Zhang ◽  
Daqian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Plasma Glucose

Glucose production, recycling, and gluconeogenesis in normals and diabetics: a mass isotopomer [U-13C]glucose study

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. E709-E717 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Tayek ◽  
J. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Mass Isotopomer

Eight normal controls and nine non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus diabetics were, after an overnight fast, infused for 3 h with [6-3H]- and with [U-13C]glucose with six 13C carbons at rates from 0.03 to 0.15 mg.kg-1.min-1. Plasma glucose and lactate were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Several parameters of glucose metabolism were calculated from the mass isotopomer distribution. Glucose production (GP) determined with [6-3H]- and [U-13C]glucose agreed closely. GP was 1.9 +/- 0.16 (range 1.3-2.5) mg.kg-1.min-1 in controls and 2.8 +/- 0.29 (1.7-4.5) mg.kg-1.min-1 in diabetics (P < 0.05). The correlation in diabetes between plasma glucose and GP (r = 0.911, P < 0.01) was close. Recycling of carbon (8 vs 7%) dilution by unlabeled carbon (2- vs 2.3-fold), and dilution via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (1.5-fold) were similar in controls and diabetics. Gluconeogenesis was 0.90 +/- 0.08 (0.5-1.3) mg.kg-1.min-1 in controls and 1.30 +/- 0.13 (0.8-1.9) mg.kg-1.min-1 in diabetics (P < 0.05). Gluconeogenesis contributions to GP were 46.6 +/- 4.0% (26-61%) in the controls and 48.8 +/- 5.7% (32-83%) in diabetics. We show that, using [U-13C]glucose infusion of 2-5% of glucose turnover (0.03-0.10 mg.kg-1.min-1), a large number of parameters of glucose metabolism may be determined in humans.

High dose of radioactive iodine per se has no effect on glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized rats

Endocrine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghaieh Samadi ◽  
Mahboubeh Ghanbari ◽  
Babak Shafiei ◽  
Sevda Gheibi ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Per Se

Breaking up sitting time after stroke (BUST-stroke)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 921-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie English ◽  
Heidi Janssen ◽  
Gary Crowfoot ◽  
Robin Callister ◽  
Ashlee Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Objectives People with stroke sit for long periods each day, which may compromise blood glucose control and increase risk of recurrent stroke. Studies in other populations have found regular activity breaks have a significant immediate (within-day) positive effect on glucose metabolism. We examined the effects of breaking up uninterrupted sitting with frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity in people with stroke on post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin. Methods Randomized within-participant crossover trial. We included people between 3 months and 10 years post-stroke, ambulant with minimal assistance and not taking diabetic medication other than metformin. The three experimental conditions (completed in random order) were: sitting for 8 h uninterrupted, sitting with 3 min bouts of light-intensity exercise while standing every 30 min, or sitting with 3 min of walking every 30 min. Meals were standardized and bloods were collected half- to one-hourly via an intravenous cannula. Results A total of 19 participants (9 female, mean [SD] age 68.2 [10.2]) completed the trial. The majority ( n = 12, 63%) had mild stroke symptoms (National Institutes of Stroke Scale score 0–13). There was no significant effect of experimental condition on glucose (mean [SD] positive incremental area [+iAUC] mmol·L·h-1 under the curve during sitting 42.3 [29.5], standing 47.4 [23.1], walking 44.6 [26.5], p = 0.563) or insulin (mean + iAUC pmol·L·h-1 sitting 14,161 [7,560], standing 14,043 [8,312], walking 14,008 [8,269], p = 0.987). Conclusion Frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity did not have a significant effect on post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin in this sample of people with stroke. Further studies are needed to identify strategies that improve inactivity-related glucose metabolism after stroke.

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