EFFECT OF INTRARUMINAL INFUSION OF PROPIONIC ACID ON PLASMA METABOLITES IN GOATS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. EMMANUEL ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Data Support

Effects of intraruminal infusion of propionic acid at 5.5 and 13.7 g/h on plasma metabolites have been investigated in goats fed a concentrate-roughage ration at 2-h intervals. Propionic acid increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, but did not change those of lactate, D(−)-3-hydroxybutyrate and prolactin. Data support the glucogenic theory in relation to low milk fat syndrome. Key words: Metabolites, plasma, goats, propionic acid

scholarly journals Feeding frequency for lactating cows: effects on rumen fermentation and blood metabolites and hormones

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
I. C. Hart ◽  
W. H. Brosters ◽  
Rosemary J. Elliott ◽  
E. Schuller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Frequent Feeding

1. The present paper reports the effects on rumen fermentation and plasma metabolites and hormones of giving fixed rations of hay and high-cereal concentrates at different meal frequencies to lactating cows. In Expt 1 the total ration was given in two and twenty-four meals daily and in Expts 2–4 the concentrates were given in two and five or six meals and the hay in two meals daily. The diets contained 600–920 g concentrates/kg.2. In Expt I, minimum rumen pH was higher but mean pH was lower when cows were given their ration in twenty-four meals/d rather than two meals/d.3. In all the experiments, the effects of increased meal frequency on the molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) were small and not significant, although there was a general tendency for the proportion of acetic acid to increase and that of propionic acid to fall. Increasing the proportion of concentrates in the diet reduced the proportion of acetic acid and increased the proportions of propionic and n-valeric acids.4. In Expt 3, more frequent feeding was found to reduce the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood, but changes in other metabolites were small and not significant. Increasing the proportion of concentrates in the diet reduced the concentrations of acetic acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid and increased the concentrations of propionic acid and glucose.5. The mean daily concentration of insulin in the blood was reduced by more frequent feeding of the higher-concentrate diet but not of the lower-concentrate diet. The concentration of glucagon also tended to fall with more frequent feeding. Increasing the proportion of concentrates in the diet increased the concentration of insulin.6. More frequent feeding reduced the depression in milk-fat concentration caused by feeding the low-roughage diets. About three-quarters of the variation in milk-fat concentration could be related to changes in rumen VFA proportions, but the relations for the two meal frequencies had different intercepts although similar curves. The results suggest that milk-fat depression on low-roughage diets with twice-daily feeding was due to a change in rumen VFA proportions accompanied by elevated plasma insulin concentrations. The improvement in milk-fat concentration due to more frequent feeding could be explained partly by the small change in rumen VFA proportions and partly by a reduction in mean plasma insulin concentrations, but these mechanisms did not fully account for the milk-fat responses observed.

A comparison of the effects of infection with Eimeria maxima and dietary restriction on weight gain, plasma metabolites and liver glycogen in the immature fowl, Gallus domesticus

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Chapman ◽  
D. L. Fernandes ◽  
T. F. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Eimeria Maxima

SUMMARYThe effects of Eimeria maxima or restricted pair-feeding on weight gain, plasma concentrations of protein, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and uric acid and liver glycogen were compared in immature fowl. Food intake/kg body weight and weight gain decreased during the acute phase of infection (days 5–7) while weight loss was prolonged for an extra day compared with pair-fed birds. During recovery, food intake/kg body weight of infected birds was greater than that of non-infected controls but there was no evidence for an increase in growth rate compared with controls when body weight was considered. Growth rate of pair-fed birds was greater than that of infected birds during recovery, indicating their better use of ingested food. Liver glycogen and plasma protein concentration were decreased during the acute phase of infection but the concentrations of plasma glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and uric acid were not affected. In pair-fed birds liver glycogen was depleted, concentrations of plasma glucose and uric acid decreased and FFA increased, and these changes persisted for the remainder of the experiment. The findings are similar to those in birds whose food has been withheld and were probably due to the pattern of food intake imposed by the experimental protocol. It is concluded that the metabolic differences between infected and pair-fed birds are of doubtful significance.

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

Glucose metabolism in the lactating beagle dog

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Luick ◽  
Arthur L. Black ◽  
Harold R. Parker ◽  
Mogens G. Simesen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Diabetic Dog ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

A study was made of the role of glucose as an oxidizable substrate and as a source of C for the synthesis of milk using lactating beagle dogs. Uniformly C14-labeled glucose was used as a tracer of these metabolic pathways. Our data indicate that the labeled glucose was completely eliminated from the dog's body within 24 hr after injection. Sixty percent of the injected dose appeared in the expired CO2, 40% in the various milk products. Comparison of the integrated specific activity of plasma glucose with that of expired CO2 indicates that 36% of the dog's energy requirement is met by the oxidation of glucose. This presumably means that the catabolism of noncarbohydrate substances must be of considerable importance to the energy metabolism of not only the fasted dog and the diabetic dog, as has been demonstrated earlier, but also of the fed dog. We have also shown that 68–100% of the C required for the synthesis of lactose is derived from plasma glucose. In addition, plasma glucose contributes 7.2–12% of milk protein C and 5.1–8.7% of milk fat C. These results are compared with similar data obtained earlier in our laboratory using lactating cows and sows.

Milk production, peripartal liver triglyceride concentration and plasma metabolites of dairy cows fed diets supplemented with calcium soaps or hydrogenated triglycerides of palm oil

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G Karcagi ◽  
Tibor Gaál ◽  
Piroska Ribiczey ◽  
Gyula Huszenicza ◽  
Ferenc Husvéth
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Triglyceride

The aim of the study was to test the effect of rumen-inert fat supplements of different chemical forms or containing different unsaturated/saturated (U/S) fatty acid contents on milk production, milk composition and liver and blood metabolic variables of high-yielding dairy cows in the peripartal period. Thirty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were divided into three equal groups and fed a corn silage-based diet, without fat supplementation (control) or supplemented with 11·75 MJ NEl per day of calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (CAS; U/S=61/39) or with 11·75 MJ NEl per day of hydrogenated palm oil triglyceride (HTG; U/S=6/94). Each diet was fed from 25±2 d prior to the expected calving to 100±5 d post partum. Compared with the control, both CAS and HTG supplementation resulted in an increase of the average milk yield. Milk fat content and fat-corrected milk yield were higher in the HTG group but lower in the CAS group than in the control group. In all groups liver triglyceride concentrations (TGL) increased from 15 d prepartum to 5 d post partum, and then decreased thereafter. At 5 d TGL was lower in the HTG group than control or CAS cows. No significant differences were detected in TGL among dietary treatments at 15 d prepartum and 25 d post partum. Higher plasma glucose and insulin and lower non-esterified fattay acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase activity were measured in the HTG group than in the control or CAS groups at 5 d or 25 d post partum. Our results show that HTG may provide a better energy supply for high-yielding dairy cows in negative energy balance than CAS around calving.

scholarly journals SIRE-SON CORRELATIONS OF GENETIC EVALUATIONS FOR FAT PERCENTAGE IN HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. ALI ◽  
L. R. SCHAEFFER
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Genetic Evaluations ◽  
Selection Of

The correlation between sire and son genetic evaluations for fat percentage has been shown to be lower than corresponding correlations for milk or fat yield for the population of bulls in artificial insemination. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of this low correlation. Based on 302 935 first-lactation daughters of 11 396 sires, the heritabilities of milk, fat and fat percentage were 0.28, 0.27 and 0.52, respectively. Indirect versus direct calculation of sire evluations for fat percentage were correlated at 0.997, and resulting sire-son correlations were 0.45 for directly calculated proofs and 0.43 for indirectly calculated proofs. The low sire-son correlations were due to the intense selection of sires of sons, especially for fat percentage, which resulted in a change in genetic parameters among the bulls used as sires of sons compared to the parameters in the overall population. Key words: Fat percentage, pedigree indexing, dairy sires

GLUCOSE AND ALANINE METABOLISM IN CHRONICALLY COLD-EXPOSED SHEEP

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD J. EARLY ◽  
JAMES R. THOMPSON ◽  
ROBERT J. CHRISTOPHERSON
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Per Se

Glucose and alanine metabolic interrelationships (measured with 3H-glucose and 14C-alanine) were examined in closely shorn wethers subjected to thermoneutral (TN) temperatures or chronic cold exposure (CE, < 21 d). Three treatments (n = 5–6 per treatment) were used: (1) fed to maintain weight at 18–20 °C (TN-Low); (2) fed to maintain weight at 0–4 °C (1.5 × TN-Low intake, CE-Hi); and (3) fed at CE-Hi intake at 18–20 °C (TN-Hi) to distinguish effects of the higher feed intake in the CE-Hi sheep from the cold per se. Plasma glucose pool size increased (P < 0.1) in CE-Hi sheep from 1.81 (TN-Low) and 1.83 (TN-Hi) to 2.40 mmol kg−0.75. Plasma glucose entry rates increased (P < 0.001) from 0.91 (TN-Low) to 1.29 (TN-Hi) to 1.78 (CE-Hi) mmol h−1 kg−0.75. Plasma alanine entry rates showed a tendency (P = 0.19) to increase in the CE-Hi sheep. Percentage alanine converted to glucose increased (P < 0.1) from 14.2% (TN-Low) and 13.4% (TN-Hi) to 21.5% (CE-Hi). These results indicate that increased glucose metabolism in cold-exposed sheep is a chronic adaptation. The data also suggest that the rate of alanine conversion to glucose increases during chronic cold exposure. Key words: Alanine, glucose, chronic cold exposure, sheep

PLASMA GLUCOSE CLEARANCE AND INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN WETHERS FED A LOW MAGNESIUM AND/OR HIGH POTASSIUM DIET

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. TERASHIMA ◽  
Y. ITOH ◽  
H. ITOH
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose ◽  
Insulin Responses

Plasma glucose clearance rates were lower (P < 0.10) in wethers fed the high potassium (0.32% Mg-4.90% K) diet compared with those of the control (0.32% Mg-0.75% K). Insulin responses to glucose infusion and feeding tended to be reduced in wethers fed the high potassium diet as compared to the control. Key words: Sheep, high potassium diet, glucose utilization, insulin

scholarly journals Reducing dietary cation–anion difference seldom affects rumen fermentation, cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota in goats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Yang ◽  
Xingzhou Tian ◽  
Shiyan Jian ◽  
Lun Sun ◽  
E Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Background: Dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) has been receiving increased attention in recent years; however, information on the rumen fermentation, cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota of goats fed a low-DCAD diet is less. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of feeding a low-DCAD diet for goats with emphasis on rumen fermentation parameters, cellulolytic bacteria populations and microbiota. Growth performance, urine pH, and plasma metabolites were also analyzed as well. Materials and method: Eighteen goats were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with six replicates of each treatment and 1 goat per replicate. Animals were fed diets with varying DCAD levels at +338 (High DCAD; HD), +152 (Control; CON), and −181 (Low DCAD; LD). This study includes 15-d experimental period and 30-d adaption period. Results: The DCAD level did not affect the rumen fermentation parameters including pH, buffering capability, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, total volatile fatty acids, and ratio of acetic acid/propionic acid (P > 0.05). The 4 main ruminal cellulolytic bacteria populations including Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminococcus albus did not differ from DCAD treatments (P > 0.05). The DCAD levels did not affect bacterial richness and diversity indicated by the indices Chao, Ace and Simpson and Shannon, respectively (P > 0.05). Both weighted UniFrac and unweighted UniFrac showed no difference in the composition of rumen microbiota for CON, HD and LD (P > 0.05). At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was the predominant phylum followed by Firmicutes, Synergistetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetae, and Tenericutes, and they showed no difference (P > 0.05) in relative abundances except for Firmicutes, which was higher in HD and LD compared to CON (P < 0.05). At the genus level, relative abundance of 11 genera were not affected by DCAD treatments (P > 0.05). Level of DCAD had no effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance including dry matter intake, average net gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio; and nutrients digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and organic matter (P > 0.05). Urine pH in LD was lower than HD and CON (P < 0.05). LD resulted in higher plasma calcium than HD and CON (P < 0.05) but not for other plasma metabolites (P > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that, with regard to the great importance of rumen fermentation, these results suggest that reducing DCAD is unharmful for rumen status and provide the feasibility of feeding a low-DCAD to goats.

scholarly journals Night-restricted feeding of dairy cows modifies daily rhythms of feed intake, milk synthesis and plasma metabolites compared with day-restricted feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (8) ◽  
pp. 849-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac J. Salfer ◽  
Kevin J. Harvatine
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Night Feeding

AbstractThe timing of feed intake can alter circadian rhythms of peripheral tissues. Milk synthesis displays a daily rhythm across several species, but the effect of feeding time on these rhythms is poorly characterised. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the time of feed intake modifies the daily patterns of milk synthesis, plasma metabolites and body temperature in dairy cows. Sixteen lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment sequences in a cross-over design with 17 d periods. Treatments included day-restricted feeding (DRF; feed available from 07.00 to 23.00 hours) and night-restricted feeding (NRF; feed available from 19.00 to 11.00 hours). Cows were milked every 6 h on the last 7 d of each period, and blood samples were collected to represent every 4 h over the day. Peak milk yield was shifted from morning in DRF to evening in NRF, while milk fat, protein and lactose concentration peaked in the evening in DRF and the morning in NRF. Plasma glucose, insulin, NEFA and urea nitrogen concentration fit daily rhythms in all treatments. Night feeding increased the amplitude of glucose, insulin and NEFA rhythms and shifted the daily rhythms by 8 to 12 h (P < 0·05). Night feeding also phase-delayed the rhythm of core body temperature and DRF increased its amplitude. Altering the time of feed availability shifts the daily rhythms of milk synthesis and plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations and body temperature, suggesting that these rhythms may be entrained by food intake.

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