THE EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS GROWTH HORMONE ON THE ENDOCRINE STATUS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF ESTRUS IN GILTS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
B. L. GUEDO ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
To Receive

Fifty-six gilts of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were selected at 86.8 ± 0.8 kg body weight (BW) and given an intramuscular (im) injection of 400 IU PMSG plus 200 IU hCG to stimulate ovulation. From 14 d after gonadotropic stimulation, gilts were exposed to a boar to detect a subsequent spontaneous estrus. At the onset of this first observed estrus, gilts were allocated to receive daily injections (i.m.) of growth hormone (pGH, 90 μg kg−1) from either 14 d (GH14, n = 21) or 17 d (GH17, n = 20) until 22 d after the onset of the first observed estrus. A third group of gilts served as controls (n = 15) and received vehicle buffer. Blood samples were obtained by jugular vein puncture at 3-d intervals from 14 to 29 d, inclusively. Gilts were slaughtered 30–32 d after the first observed estrus at which time their ovaries were recovered for the determination of ovulation rates. All control gilts and all but one GH17 gilt exhibited normal estrous cycles. However, of the 21 gilts assigned to GH14, only 9 (43%) had normal estrous cycles (P < 0.001). In gilts exhibiting a second estrus, there was no effect of pGH treatment on the duration of the estrous cycle (20.4, 20.9 and 20.5 d) or on ovulation rate (14.6, 13.9 and 13.5) for GH14, GH17 and controls, respectively. Serum assays revealed that pGH injections resulted in decreased serum concentrations of thyroxine (P < 0.01) but increased concentrations of triiodothyronine, insulin and glucose (P < 0.001). The present data confirm an adverse effect of pGH on ovarian function. However, the adverse effect is only evident when the pGH injection regime encompasses days 14–16 of the estrous cycle. Key words: Gilts, growth hormone, estrus, ovulation rate

THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS GROWTH HORMONE ON ENDOCRINE STATUS AND THE OVULATORY RESPONSE TO PMSG IN PREPUBERTAL GILTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
R. S. KORCHINSKI ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Surge Height

Twenty-three prepubertal Yorkshire × Landrace gilts were allocated to receive daily injections of either porcine growth hormone (pGH) or vehicle for 6 consecutive days. At the time of first pGH or buffer injection, all gilts received an injection of 500 IU PMSG. Blood samples were taken by jugular vein puncture at 0, 24 and 48 h then every 12 h until 96 h then every 8 h until 144 h. Samples were assayed for triiodothyronine (T3), insulin, glucose and LH. Treatment with pGH elevated (P < 0.01) serum concentrations of T3, insulin and glucose, and was associated with a reduced (P < 0.05) LH surge height. Fewer pGH-treated than vehicle-treated gilts ovulated (4/12 vs. 7/11), but the difference was not significant. Key words: Gilts, growth hormone, gonadotrophins, ovulation

Timing of growth hormone injections and reproduction in gilts

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gilbertson ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Lh Pulsatility ◽  
And Control

Sixty-eight Yorkshire × Landrace gilts were selected at 85 kg body weight (BW) and exposed to a mature boar for 20 min d−1 to detect puberty. At the onset of puberty, gilts were allocated to receive daily intramuscular injections of porcine growth hormone (pGH, 90 μg kg−1 BW) from either 14 to 17 d (GH17, n = 22) or from 14 to 22 d (GH22 n = 22) after puberty, inclusively. A third group of gilts served as controls (n = 24) and received vehicle buffer. A single blood sample was obtained from each gilt on days 14, 17 and 20. Also, four gilts from each pGH treatment and eight control gilts were sampled at 15-min intervals for 8 h on day 16. Gilts were slaughtered 30 d after puberty at which time their ovaries were recovered for the determination of ovulation rate. Injection of pGH resulted in elevated serum concentrations of triiodothyronine, insulin and glucose (P < 0.01). There was no significant (P > 0.1) treatment effect on mean serum concentrations of LH or FSH. However, pGH treatment tended (P = 0.1) to increase LH pulse frequency and to decrease (P = 0.01) LH pulse amplitude. The incidence of a second estrus was reduced (P < 0.01) in GH22 compared to control gilts, with GH17 being intermediate (72.7 vs. 90.9 vs. 100% for GH22, GH17 and control gilts, respectively). Ovulation rate was not affected by pGH treatment (15.1 vs. 14.3 vs 14 0 for GH22, GH17 and control gilts, respectively). The present data confirm an adverse effect of pGH on ovarian function and suggest that an altered LH pulsatility may be involved. Key words: Gilts, growth hormone, estrus, endocrinology

THE STUDY OF OVARIAN FUNCTION IN THE EWE BY MEANS OF A VASCULAR AUTOTRANSPLANTATION TECHNIQUE

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. GODING ◽  
J. A. McCRACKEN ◽  
D. T. BAIRD
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

SUMMARY In order to obtain exclusive long-term access to both the arterial and venous sides of the ovarian circulation in the ewe, a technique was evolved for vascular autotransplantation of the ovary. The first stage consisted of the preparation of a carotid artery—jugular vein skin tube, with a pouch to receive the ovary and its pedicle. In the second stage, performed at least 2 months later, the left ovary and its pedicle were removed together with an aortic patch which included the orifice of the ovarian artery. The aortic patch was inlaid into the carotid artery to provide the arterial supply to the transplanted ovary; venous drainage was achieved by end-to-side anastomosis of the termination of the middle uterine vein to the jugular vein. The right ovary was removed. The transplanted ovary was shown to have an unimpaired circulation. Ovarian function was demonstrated by histological and behavioural evidence, and by demonstration of a cyclical secretion of progesterone. The rate of progesterone secretion was < 5 μg./hr. at oestrus and rose to approximately 200 μg./hr. in the luteal phase of the cycle which is within the range reported for the ovary in situ.

scholarly journals Cyclic changes in cortisol across the estrous cycle in parous and nulliparous Asian elephants

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry V Fanson ◽  
Tamara Keeley ◽  
Benjamin G Fanson
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Reproductive Dysfunction ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Cyclic Changes

In the context of reproduction, glucocorticoids (GCs) are generally considered to have negative effects. However, in well-studied model species, GCs fluctuate predictability across the estrous cycles, and short-term increases promote healthy ovarian function. Reproductive challenges have plagued captive elephant populations, which are not currently self-sustaining. Efforts to understand reproductive dysfunction in elephants have focused on the suppressive effects of cortisol, but the potential permissive or stimulatory effects of cortisol are unknown. In this study, we provide a detailed examination of cortisol patterns across the estrous cycle in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Time series analysis was used to analyze cortisol and progesterone data for a total of 73 cycles from eight females. We also compared cortisol profiles between females that successfully conceived and females that failed to conceive despite repeated mating attempts. Our results revealed that cortisol fluctuates predictably across the estrous cycle, with a peak during the second half of the follicular phase followed by low levels throughout the luteal phase. Furthermore, this pattern was significantly altered in nulliparous females; cortisol concentrations did not decline during the luteal phase to the same extent as in parous females. This study highlights the complexity of cortisol signaling and suggests future directions for understanding the role of cortisol in reproductive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Study on the Reparative Effect of PEGylated Growth Hormone on Ovarian Parameters and Mitochondrial Function of Oocytes From Rats With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghui Feng ◽  
Qiu Xie ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Zaixin Guo ◽  
Ruiyi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disorder and lacks effective interventions in clinical applications. This research aimed to elucidate the potential effects of recombinant human PEGylated growth hormone (rhGH) on follicular development and mitochondrial function in oocytes as well as ovarian parameters in POI rats induced by the chemotherapeutic agent. The impacts of rhGH on ovarian function before superovulation on follicles, estrous cycle, and sex hormones were evaluated. Oocytes were retrieved to determine oocyte quality and oxidative stress parameters. Single-cell sequencing was applied to investigate the latent regulatory network. This study provides new evidence that a high dosage of rhGH increased the number of retrieved oocytes even though it did not completely restore the disturbed estrous cycle and sex hormones. rhGH attenuated the apoptosis of granulosa cells and oxidative stress response caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide. Additionally, rhGH modulated the energy metabolism of oocytes concerning the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content but not mtDNA copy numbers. Based on single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we found that rhGH directly or indirectly promoted the balance of oxidative stress and cellular oxidant detoxification. Four hub genes, Pxmp4, Ehbp1, Mt-cyb, and Enpp6, were identified to be closely related to the repair process in oocytes as potential targets for POI treatment.

THE INFLUENCE OF FEEDING LEVEL DURING LACTATION AND GESTATION ON THE ENDOCRINE STATUS AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF SECOND PARITY SOWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1119-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
S. K. BAIDOO ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Lower Plane

During their second lactation, 123 second-parity Yorkshire × Landrace sows were fed either 6 kg or 3 kg d−1 of a barley-soybean meal diet formulated to provide 12.5 MJ DE kg−1 and 16% crude protein (approximately 90 and 45% of National Research Council (NRC 1988) requirements). From 48 h after the onset of the post-weaning estrus, sows from each lactation feed treatment were allocated equally to receive the same diet at 3.6 kg or 1.8 kg d−1 (approximately 160 and 80% of NRC (1988) requirements), until slaughtered at 25 d of gestation. On days 4, 8, 12 and 16 of gestation, eight sows from each of the four feed level combinations were blood sampled at 15-min intervals for 4 h. Additionally, a further eight sows were sampled once on each of the above days. The lower plane of feeding during lactation resulted in a greater body weight and backfat loss (26.6 vs. 13.8 kg and 6.5 vs. 3.6 mm, respectively; P < 0.01 for both), an increased incidence of anestrus (21 vs. 8%; P < 0.05) and a longer and more variable interval to estrus (8.9 ± 0.4 vs. 6.0 ± 0.2 d; P < 0.01) than higher level feeding. There was no effect of lactation feeding level on ovulation rate (17.6 ± 0.3 vs. 17.7 ± 0.4 for sows having the higher and lower feed intakes, respectively). There was a main effect of lactation (P < 0.01), but not gestation, feeding level and an interaction between lactation and gestation feeding level (P < 0.02), on number of embryos and percent embryo survival. Embryo numbers and survival were reduced following lower plane feeding during lactation but were lowest following lower plane feeding during both lactation and gestation. There was no effect of sampling day on plasma LH concentrations but plasma LH was lower (P < 0.01) in sows on lower plane feeding during both lactation and gestation. The present data confirm an adverse effect of low plane feeding during lactation on subsequent sow reproductive performance and suggest that a reduction in plasma LH concentrations may be involved. These data fail to confirm any adverse effect on embryo survival of high plane feeding during the first 25 d of gestation. Key words: Sow, feed intake, LH, progesterone, reproduction

DETERMINATION OF AFTER-RIPENING PERIOD AND HORMONAL RESPONSE OF OROBANCHE SOLMSII C.D. CLARKE SEEDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bista ◽  
G. B. Khattri ◽  
B. D. Acharya ◽  
S. C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
One Year

To find out the ability of Orobanche seeds to germinate immediately after seed set, seeds were germinated periodically at an interval of three months for one year in GR24. Some Orobanche seeds were capable of germination immediately after seed set but most required about nine months as after ripening or incubation period to be able to germinate. The phenomenon of after ripening in Orobanche seeds could be taken as an ecological measure to dormant over following unfavorable wet summer season. The growth hormone studies on Orobanche seed germination have shown that GA3 at a concentration of 100 ppm substantially enhanced seed germination when applied during pre-conditioning period. NAA showed some stimulatory effect at 0.5 - 1.0 ppm when applied during post-conditioning period but the hormone if applied during pre-conditioning period inhibited the germination. Kinetin failed to stimulate the germination at all the concentrations tested. Key words: Germination, root-parasite, hormone. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

scholarly journals 140 Effect of hCG on the last day of the 5-d CIDR-Synch and/or on day 5 of the estrous cycle on luteal dynamics in recipient Holstein heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Marcelo Siqueira El Azzi ◽  
Everardo Anta Galvan ◽  
Teresita Valdes Arciniega ◽  
Iago Leão ◽  
Rodrigo Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ovulation Rate

Abstract The objective was to determine the effect of hCG (3,300 IU) administered on days 0 and/or 5 of the estrous cycle on total luteal area (TLA) and circulating concentrations of progesterone (P4) in recipient heifers. All heifers (n = 232; BCS = 3.3 ± 0.2) were synchronized with a 5d CIDR-Synch protocol (d-8: used CIDR inserted; d-3: CIDR removed and PGF2α treatment; d0: 100µg GnRH or hCG). Heifers were randomly assigned to four treatments: control, hCGd0, hCGd5, and hCGd0&5. Controls were treated with GnRH on d0, while hCGd0 received hCG on d0. hCGd5 heifers were treated with GnRH on d0 and hCG on d5, while hCGd0&5 received hCG on d0 and 5. Ovaries were scanned by ultrasound on d0, 5, and 12. Blood was collected on d0, 5, 7, and 12. Synchronization rate (94%) did not differ (P = 0.94) by treatment. Treatment differences were only tested in synchronized heifers (n = 218). Proportion of heifers with 1 or 2+ CL on d5 did not differ (P = 0.10) for hCG d0 treatments (hCGd0 + hCGd0&5) vs. GnRH d0 treatments (controls + hCGd5). However, heifers treated with hCG on d0 had greater (P &lt; 0.01) TLA and P4 on d5 vs. treatments with GnRH on d0 (311 ± 13 vs. 257 ± 9 mm2; and 2.39 ± 0.15 vs. 1.90 ± 0.09 ng/mL). Ovulation rate for d5 hCG did not differ (P = 0.63) for hCGd5 vs. hCGd0&5 (93 vs. 84%). Controls had the lowest serum P4 on d7 and 12. In contrast, hCGd0&5 had the highest serum P4 on d7 (Table 1). Serum P4 on d7 did not differ for hCGd0 vs. hCGd5. On d12, serum P4 and TLA were not different for hCGd5 vs. hCGd0&5. These data indicate that hCG can be used on d0 to induce an increase in serum P4 on d5 compared to GnRH. However, only heifers treated with hCG on d5 achieved mean serum P4 &gt; 8ng/mL.

Structural Determination of a Metastable Ag27 Nanocluster and Its Transformations into Ag8 and Ag29 Nanoclusters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhu ◽  
Tenfei Duan ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Xiao Wei ◽  
Xi Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Determination ◽  
Structural Determination ◽  
To Receive

Research on nanocluster transformation has generally focused on stable nanoclusters, while analysis on structure evolutions of metastable nanoclusters just began to receive attention recently. Herein, we reported the structure determination...

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document