EVALUATION OF NAKED OATS (Avena nuda) AS A FEEDINGSTUFF FOR LAYING HENS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. CAVE ◽  
R. M. G. HAMILTON ◽  
V. D. BURROWS
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Naked Oats

Two experiments were conducted with 640 and 480 White Leghorn strain-cross hens to determine the optimum level of inclusion of naked oats (Avena nuda L. 'Tibor') in diets fed for 51 wk. In exp. 1 oats from 2 crop years were substituted for corn and soybean meal at levels of 0, 300, 600 and 782 or 808 g kg−1 in isoenergetic and isolysinic diets. Egg yield (46.4 g d−1) and egg production (78.0% hen.day) were unchanged up to 600 g oats kg−1 but were 4 and 6% lower at the highest dietary levels due in part to a 4-d later sexual maturity. Egg weight was 2% greater in all oat diets than in the control diet. Feed utilized per gram egg was 4.7% lower at 600 g kg−1 than at 0 g oat kg−1 the other diets being intermediate. A difference between crop years was seen in a higher percent small grade eggs for 1985. Dietary treatments had no effect on feed utilized per egg laid, incidence of soft shell and cracked eggs or on final body weight. In exp. 2, naked oats with alfalfa meal and a vitamin-mineral premix were supplemented with canola meal or lysine plus methionine or not supplemented, to give dietary oat levels of 675, 874 and 876 g kg−1 for comparison with a control of 0 g kg−1. Supplementation with canola meal supported 3.5% higher egg yield and hen.day egg production than that with lysine plus methionine, whereas for both supplemented diets egg yield, hen.day percent egg production and egg weight, as indicated by distribution of eggs between size grades, were, respectively, 8, 6 and 1.7% greater and feed utilized per gram egg was 7% lower than for the supplemented naked oat diet. The corn-soy control diet differed from the amino-acid-supplemented diet only in a 4.9% greater feed utilization per gram egg. It was concluded that naked oats can replace corn and soybean meal in layer diets and that, with supplementation of canola meal or lysine plus methionine, oat levels up to, respectively, 675 and 874 g kg−1 diet can support satisfactory and efficient egg production. Key words: Oats naked, egg yield, egg weight, laying hen, canola

Effect of dietary level of naked oats (Avena nuda) on internal and sensory quality of eggs and on yolk lipid composition

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Cave ◽  
E. E. Farnworth ◽  
L. M. Poste ◽  
G. Butler ◽  
V. D. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Yolk Lipid ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Naked Oats

The yolk lipid composition was determined and the sensory and internal quality evaluated for eggs obtained from hens at 8 and 15 m of age from two experiments. In exp. 1, in which naked oats replaced corn and soybean meal at levels of 0–800 g kg−1, there was a marked decrease in Roche yolk color at 8 mo, an increase in egg weight, and at 15 mo and a decrease in yolk flavor intensity with increasing level of oats. In exp. 2, there were four diets (0) a corn-soybean meal control, (876) a soybean-free naked oat alfalfa diet, (874) diet 876 supplemented with lysine and methionine and (691) diet 876 supplemented with canola meal. Haugh units were greater and yolk color less for supplemented naked oat diets versus the control diet. The yolk lipid content of sphingomyelin and sterols were higher than for the control diet. A yolk sulfury aroma was noted at 15 mo. At 8 mo, egg Haugh units were lower for the unsupplemented oat diet relative to the corn-soy diet. There were no other detrimental effects of oat diet on egg sensory quality. Other than a corrigible yolk color effect, egg quality traits do not limit the use of naked oats in poultry layer diets. Key words: Oats (naked), canola, egg internal quality, egg sensory quality, egg lipid composition, laying hen

scholarly journals NAKED OATS (Avena nuda) WITH AND WITHOUT LYSINE SUPPLEMENTATION, FOR BOARS AND BARROWS: GROWTH, CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY, ENERGY AND NITROGEN METABOLISM

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
L. M. POSTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Naked Oats

Thirty-six boars and 36 barrows were fed four diets. The control was a fortified corn-soybean meal diet. Diets 50 L and 100 L were lysine-supplemented, and 48% and 95%, respectively, of the corn and soybean meal were replaced by Tibor naked oats. Diet 100 (unsupplemented) contained 95% naked oats. The diets were pelleted and given ad libitum to pigs housed three per pen. At a slaughter liveweight of approximately 90 kg, the left side of the carcass was used for carcass and meat quality examinations and samples were taken for fatty acid (FA) analysis. Additionally, 24 boars and 24 barrows were fed the four diets in a metabolism trial to determine metabolizable energy and nitrogen values. Daily gain by pigs fed Diet 100 was less (P < 0.01), and their times to market weight were 10 and 8 d longer, respectively, than pigs fed Diets 50 L and 100 L. Boars ate significantly less feed daily than barrows, and the rate of gain for boars was less and feed efficiency higher than for barrows. Total yield of lean meat was less (P < 0.05) from Diet 100 pigs than from those fed the other diets. The carcass index was higher (P < 0.05) for boars (106) than for barrows (102). The FA profile for the Tibor naked oats was very similar to that reported in a previous study even though the two crops were grown on different farms and 1 yr apart. Naked oats increased significantly the concentration of 18:1n–9 and 20:1 in the carcass backfat, but did not influence the quality of the loin muscle fat. An increased (P < 0.05) intensity of flavor in the pork loin roasts was associated with the naked oats diets. Boar roasts scored higher (P < 0.05) for juiciness than those from barrows; there was no difference in boar taint between the two sexes. The metabolizable energy value of the control diet was higher than those of the oats diets; significantly higher when corrected for N retained. Pigs fed Diet 100 L retained (P < 0.05) the most N (18.7 g d−1) and Diet 100 the least (15.8 g d−1). Nitrogen retention as a proportion of N intake was more (P < 0.05) for boars than for barrows. This study supported the inclusion of at least 48% naked oats in a diet for growing-finishing pigs. Key words: Boars, oats (naked), metabolism, carcass, fatty acids, meat quality

scholarly journals NAKED OATS IN GROWER-FINISHER PIG DIETS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. MORRIS ◽  
V. D. BURROWS
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Finisher Diets

One hundred and twenty-eight pigs were placed into four groups and each group was fed from approximately 32 to 97 kg liveweight one of four diets: a control corn-soy diet or one of three diets containing 30.0, 65.0 or 96.7% of Tibor naked oats. Total liveweight gains and carcass backfat and quality index values were not significantly different at the end of the 77-d growth period. Feed conversion of the oat diets was progressively improved as the amount of oats in the ration increased; probably because the energy content of the rations increased as the concentration of naked oat kernels with their 8–10% total lipid increased. Diets containing the higher levels of oats also produced a better carcass yield (or dressing percentage) than the control diet. Tibor naked oats are thus a suitable replacement for all or part of the grain corn and soybean meal in a grower-finisher pig ration. Key words: Pig, grower-finisher diets, naked oats, cultivar Tibor

Effect of β-glucanase/pentosanase enzyme supplementation on the performance of chickens and laying hens fed wheat, barley, naked oats and rye diets

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brenes ◽  
W. Guenter ◽  
R. R. Marquardt ◽  
B. A. Rotter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Naked Oats

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of β-glucanase/pentosanase enzyme complex (Trichoderma viride, Roxazyme® G) on the performance of Leghorn chicks and laying hens fed wheat, barley, oats or rye diets. In the first experiment, enzyme addition (0.2 and 0.4 g kg−1) improved weight gain and feed efficiency in Leghorn chicks fed hulless barley (45 and 18%, respectively) and naked oat-based diets (35 and 15%, respectively). No response to dietary enzymes was evident when chicks were given the wheat diet. In the second experiment, the addition of Roxazyme® G to diets containing hulless barley (0.1 g kg−1) and rye (4.0 g kg−1) improved feed consumption (8 and 16%, respectively), weight gain (21 and 35%, respectively) and feed-to-gain ratios (11 and 14%, respectively). Relative gizzard weights of birds fed the rye diet were reduced by 18% when enzyme was added to this diet. In the third experiment, replacing all the wheat with hulless barley, naked oats or rye in diets for young pullets had no effect on overall performance during a 12-wk laying trial. Vent feather soilage increased with the incorporation of naked oats and rye. Enzyme supplementation had a beneficial effect on weight gain and feed intake but not on egg production, initial egg weight, average egg weight, egg specific gravity, Haugh unit score, and mortality. Key words: Grain, chickens, laying hens, dietary enzyme

FEEDING AND METABOLISM TRIALS, AND ASSESSMENT OF CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY FOR GROWING-FINISHING PIGS FED NAKED OATS (Avena nuda)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER ◽  
L. M. POSTE ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Naked Oats

Forty-eight Yorkshire pigs (barrows and gilts), about 24 kg body weight, were fed three diets: a control diet containing corn-soybean meal with minerals and vitamins added (Diet 0), the same diet in which naked oats (Avena nuda L. 'Tibor') replaced approximately 50% of the corn and soybean meal (Diet 50) and a diet containing 95.4% naked oats plus the mineral and vitamin supplements (Diet 100). The diets were pelleted and given ad libitum to the pigs which were penned individually until marketed at 90 ± 5 kg bodyweight. The left side of the carcass was used for carcass quality determinations, meat quality (sensory evaluation) assessment and backfat samples for fatty acid analysis. Eighteen other Yorkshire pigs were used in metabolism trials to determine digestible and metabolizable energy and nitrogen values and nitrogen balances when fed the three test diets. Energy values for urine were determined with freeze-dried samples combusted in polyethylene bags using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter. The diets (DM basis) contained about 18% crude protein and 18 MJ kg−1 energy; Diet 100 was higher in ether extract (5.5%) and lower in ADF (1.7%). Pigs fed Diet 50 gained weight faster than pigs fed either of the two other diets, the overall effect being accounted for mainly by differences shown by the barrows. Feed data showed a similar pattern with higher daily intake and fewer days to market for Diet 50 pigs. A lower yield of lean meat was obtained from pigs fed Diet 100, an observation also supported by increased depth of loin fat and carcass ether extract. The fatty acids palmitic, oleic and linoleic represented 12, 23 and 59% of the total in the control diet, compared with 18, 40 and 37% in Diet 100. This dietary change was reflected in a carcass decrease of linoleic acid from 14 (control) to 13% (Diet 100). The dietary level of naked oats had a significant and beneficial effect on sensory evaluation scores for the pork roasts; flavor, tenderness and juiciness scores were highest for pigs fed Diet 100. The apparent digestible energy value for Diet 100 (17.3 M J kg−1) was the highest as was the apparent metabolizable energy value (17 MJ kg−1). Correction of the AME for the energy of retained N reduced the value by 2.35%. The nitrogen retention value was approximately 10% lower for the 95.4% naked oat diet than for the corn-soybean control diet. The study indicated by feeding and metabolism trials that, although growing-finishing diets containing a high proportion of naked oats are likely to be of high energy and protein value, they are limited in feeding value by an amino acid imbalance due probably to lysine insufficiency. Key words: Naked oats, metabolism, carcass, meat quality, fatty acids, pigs

Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Summers ◽  
J. L. Atkinson ◽  
D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Low Protein

Pullets were brought into production on a low-protein corn, soybean meal diet to which various nutrients including essential amino acids, choline, corn oil and feathermeal were supplemented. Production commenced between 18 and 20 wk of age and up to at least 60% production, hens fed the low protein diets (10% CP) produced at least as many eggs and as great an egg mass as these given a 17% protein corn, soybean meal control diet. Pullets fed the corn, soybean meal test diets, peaked at around 80% as compared to slightly over 90% for the control. Egg production immediately fell for birds fed the test diets to around 70% for most of the test treatments. Body weight remained constant or fell after peak production for birds fed the test diets as compared to a normal increase for birds on the control diet. Egg size increased for the test diets at a rate which was comparable to that of the control birds. In a second experiment, with older hens, supplementation of the 10% protein test diet with methionine, lysine, arginine and tryptophan, resulted in intakes of these amino acids which met NRC minimum requirement levels. However, egg mass output was reduced approximately 11% compared to the 17% protein control diet. While intakes of several essential amino acids fell below requirement levels, the degree that valine was calculated to be deficient in both experiments corresponded closely with the reduction in egg mass output of hens fed the test as compared to the control diet. Key words: Lysine, methionine, egg weight, body weight, hens.

scholarly journals Effects of phytase B on laying performance, eggshell quality and on phosphorus and calcium balance in laying hens fed phosphorus-deficient maize-soybean meal diets

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 406-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Żyła ◽  
M. Mika ◽  
S. Świątkiewicz ◽  
J. Koreleski ◽  
J. Piironen
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Laying Performance

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of phytase B (product of the Aspergillus niger phyB gene expressed in Trichoderma reesei) on feed intake, laying performance, eggshell quality, and on phosphorus and calcium balance in laying hens. Seventy-two, 40 weeks old Hy Line Brown hens were fed for 14 weeks the following four phosphorus-deficient (0.12% nonphytate phosphorus, NPP), maize-soybean meal-based diets: (1) calcium-deficient (2.8% Ca) control diet; (2) diet 1 + phytase B at the activity of 2.5&nbsp;acid phosphatase units (AcPU/kg); (3) control diet (3.8% Ca); (4) diet 3 + phytase B at the activity of 2.5 AcPU/ kg. Each dietary treatment was fed to 18 cages of hens, 1 hen/cage kept in individual cages. Hens fed the NPP- and Ca-deficient diets consumed more feed (P &lt; 0.01) and excreted less calcium (P &lt; 0.01) than those receiving P-deficient diets with the standard calcium level. There were no effects of calcium level on feed utilization, egg mass, egg weight, and eggshell breaking strength. Egg production, although numerically higher in hens fed low Ca diets with no enzyme added, failed to be significantly different due to the low number of hens investigated and therefore the measurement should be considered as preliminary and supplementary. Phytase B increased mean egg weight by about 7% in layers fed the NPP- and Ca-deficient diet (Ca &times; phytase B interaction, P &lt; 0.05), increased shell breaking strength, particularly at the standard calcium level, significantly enhanced amounts of calcium retained by layers and amounts of&nbsp; phosphorus retained by hens fed the Ca-deficient diets. Additionally, phytase B improved Ca retention at both dietary Ca levels and phosphorus retention in hens fed the Ca-deficient diets. Results of the study indicate that the efficacy of phytase B in NPP-deficient diets is strongly influenced by the dietary calcium level and the enzyme may modulate egg weight, eggshell quality, phosphorus and calcium retention in laying hens fed low-NPP, maize-soybean meal-based diets.

scholarly journals The effect of feeding untreated rapeseed and iodine supplement on egg quality

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lichovníková ◽  
L. Zeman ◽  
J. Jandásek
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of the feeding of 80 g/kg (R8) and 100 g/kg (R10) of untreated rapeseed (RS) on egg quality including sensory quality in comparison with a control diet without rapeseed (R0). The addition of iodine (I) was also evaluated (1 mg/kg (R10) vs. 3 mg/kg (R10+I)). “Double zero” RS was used. The contents of energy and crude protein were almost the same in the diets. Laying hybrid ISABROWN was used in the experiment. The quality of eggs was analyzed 11 times every 28 days, from 19 to 64 weeks of age. 30 eggs per each group were always analyzed. Boiled eggs were assessed twice around the peak of egg production. Egg weight decreased (<I>P</I> < 0.001) with the increased level of RS (62.9 g, 61.8 g and 60.7 g, respectively). A reduction in egg weight in R8 and R10 diets resulted in the lower weight of albumen and eggshells. The addition of I to R10 diet increased (<I>P</I> < 0.001) egg weight (62.1 g vs. 60.7 g). The yolk proportion in egg weight was the highest (26.0%, <I>P</I> < 0.001) and the albumen weight ratio was the lowest (64.2%, <I>P</I> < 0.001) in group R8. Iodine supplementation improved (<I>P</I> < 0.001) yolk weight (15.7 g vs. 15.3 g). The proportion of RS in the diet did not affect the eggshell strength. An increase in the level of I improved (<I>P</I> < 0.001) eggshell quality (strength 36.1 N vs. 34.0 N and thickness 0.386 mm vs. 0.363 mm). Taste and overall acceptability were lower (<I>P</I> < 0.05) in eggs of hens fed RS. The addition of I did not affect flavour, odour, taste or overall acceptability.

scholarly journals Concentrates Made from Legume Seeds (Lupinus Angustifolius, Lupinus Luteus and Pisum Sativum) and Rapeseed Meal as Protein Sources in Laying Hen Diets

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rutkowski ◽  
Sebastian A. Kaczmarek ◽  
Marcin Hejdysz ◽  
Sebastian Nowaczewski ◽  
Dorota Jamroz
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Legume Seeds

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of two protein concentrates composed of rapeseed meal and new cultivars of narrow-leaved and yellow lupine, peas in laying hen diets and their influence on birds’ performance and egg characteristics. The experiment was conducted with 180 layers kept in individual cages. The birds were randomly assigned to three treatments, with 60 hens in each and during the period of 17 weeks, they were fed diets: I - containing soybean meal as a protein source, II - containing protein concentrates composed of mixture of lupines, peas (19.48% of diet) and rapeseed meal, III - containing protein concentrates composed of a mixture of lupines and peas (27.68% of diet). The body weight, laying rate, egg weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg characteristics were registered. After 9 weeks of experiment, a decrease of laying rate was recorded in treatment III. The mean value of laying rate for 17 weeks amounted to 82.7 (I), 82.5 (II) and 75.9% (III) (P<0.01). The egg weight was diversified already after 4 weeks of egg production and averaged 57.9 (I), 55.9 (II) and 54.9 g (III) (P<0.05). Feed intake amounted to 108 (I), 111 (II) and 104 g per hen/day (III), and FCR was 2.05, 3.17 and 2.23 kg/kg egg weight, respectively. As to egg characteristics, increases of white index (P<0.05), Haugh unit score and yolk colour in treatment III were observed but egg shell thickness was found significantly reduced. In conclusion, the use of about 27.68% of legume seed in laying hen diet affected negatively performance results but about 19.48% of these seeds and 8% rapeseed meal in diets could be accepted as a soybean meal substitute.

scholarly journals Production performance and egg quality of White Rock laying hens fed diets containing whole linseed

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
H Khatun ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
MA Rashid ◽  
MY Ali ◽  
MSK Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was conducted to know the production performance of laying hen by using different graded level of linseed. At 56 weeks of age, a total of 160 laying hens were raised up to 63 weeks of age. All hens were fed a basal corn soyabean meal diet. The experiment was allowed 4 dietary treatments (T0, no addition of whole linseed in the basal diet; T1,  addition of 5% whole linseed; T2, addition of 10% whole linseed and T3, addition of 15% whole linseed) with 5 replications and per replication contains eight hens. Egg production, feed intake, egg weight of each treatment was recorded. Egg samples were collected and analyzed for egg quality. The results showed that egg production and egg mass (kg) exhibited for all dietary treatment groups were unaffected (P>0.05) by feeding linseed to the laying hens. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was found significant difference within the four dietary group (P<0.05). Egg quality aspects such as yolk weight, egg weight, HU and yolk index were not differed significantly (P>0.05) among treatments.  A trend for lower yolk weight was observed in birds fed 10% linseed, where as the highest yolk weight percentage was recorded in control diet. There was no statistical difference among the different diets for yolk index. The results of the present trial suggested that feeding linseed to the laying hens has no detrimental effects on egg production and egg quality. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 20(1-2): 48-53, Jan-Dec 2013

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