EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON BODY AND ORGAN WEIGHTS AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT IN THE FETAL PIG

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. B. RANDALL
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Visible Body ◽  
Fetal Pig

The effect of hypophysectomy on fetal growth and development was studied in 45 fetuses in which the pituitary had been destroyed by electrocoagulation between 68 and 84 d of gestation, and in 35 control littermates. Hypophysectomized fetuses were significantly heavier than their intact litter mates (1203 g vs. 1057 g; P < 0.05), were more edematous and had visible body fat stores. Fetuses hypophysectomized before 70 d of gestation were hairless and myxedematous, whereas in those hypophysectomized after day 80 the body surface either was similar to that of intact litter mates or had mild hypotrichosis. Hypophysectomy resulted in significant reductions in the weights of adrenal and thyroid glands and the testes, but did not influence fetal ovarian weight. In fetuses hypophysectomized after 80 d of gestation, no alteration of thyroid weight was noted. The spleen and kidneys were significantly heavier in hypophysectomized fetuses, whereas liver and heart weights were lighter. It is concluded that fetal hypophysectomy may increase fetal growth in the pig, and selectively alters the growth and maturation of individual organs. Key words: Hypophysectomy, body weight, organ weight, fetus

Glucocorticoid-induced changes in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and protein expression in the human placenta as a potential factor for altering fetal growth and development

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Bivol ◽  
Suzzanne J. Owen ◽  
Roselyn B. Rose'Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Induced Changes

Glucocorticoids (GCs) control essential metabolic processes in virtually every cell in the body and play a vital role in the development of fetal tissues and organ systems. The biological actions of GCs are mediated via glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), the cytoplasmic transcription factors that regulate the transcription of genes involved in placental and fetal growth and development. Several experimental studies have demonstrated that fetal exposure to high maternal GC levels early in gestation is associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including low birthweight, intrauterine growth restriction and anatomical and structural abnormalities that may increase the risk of cardiovascular, metabolic and neuroendocrine disorders in adulthood. The response of the fetus to GCs is dependent on gender, with female fetuses becoming hypersensitive to changes in GC levels whereas male fetuses develop GC resistance in the environment of high maternal GCs. In this paper we review GR function and the physiological and pathological effects of GCs on fetal development. We propose that GC-induced changes in the placental structure and function, including alterations in the expression of GR mRNA and protein levels, may play role in inhibiting in utero fetal growth.

scholarly journals About the influence of thyroidectomy on the growth and development of the bone and nervous system in young animals

2020 ◽  
Vol VI (3) ◽  
pp. 72-131
Author(s):  
A. F. Akopenko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
The Way

The multifaceted and dark question of the function of the thyroid gland is extremely important, since it is associated with very many serious issues from various areas of medical science. By the way, in the last time, the question of trophic influences of the thyroid glands is increasingly emerging, the question of whether the proper nutrition and development of tissues can depend on the function of the gland. It would be extremely interesting and important to solve this question, since in the direct connection with him there is the question of the immediate ethology of cretinism. Many observations (Virchow, Kocher, Bruns, Grundier, etc.) confirm the existence of a relationship between the action of the gland and the correct nutrition and development of tissues, therefore it would be important to establish this relationship not by an observational, but by a purely experimental way: that is, to put the animal in observed by observers conditions (loss of function of the gland) and see if we get the described phenomena (trophic disorders). With this goal in the course of 1896, in the laboratory of the highly respected Professor V.M. Bekhterev, I undertook a number of experiments aimed at finding out the influence of the function of the thyroid gland on the development of growing animal tissues of the body, mainly bone and nervous, as the most interested in the manifestations of cretinism.

Melatonin Modulates Lactation by Regulating Prolactin Secretion Via Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons in the Hypothalamus- Pituitary System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Li ◽  
JingyaWei ◽  
Fengtao Ma ◽  
Qiang Shan ◽  
Duo Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stimulation Of

In-depth studies have identified many hormones important for controlling mammary growth and maintaining lactation. One of these is melatonin, which is synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythms, improve antioxidant capacity, and enhance immunity. Prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland and is associated with the growth and development of mammary glands as well as initiation and maintenance of lactation. The hypothalamus-pituitary system, the most important endocrine system in the body, regulates prolactin secretion mainly through dopamine released from tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. This review provides a reference for further study and describes the regulation of lactation and prolactin secretion by melatonin, primarily via the protection and stimulation of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons.

Review of Curd, Paneer and Cheese as Nitya Asevaniya Ahara Dravya w.s.r. to Dadhi, Kilat and Kurchika

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saylee Deshmukh ◽  
Vyas M. K.
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Common Food ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Healthy Growth

Curd, Paneer and Cheese are rich source of milk protein, calcium, Vitamin A, Phosphorous, vitamins, minerals and protein which are required by the body in high proportions for healthy growth and development. It is common food in India. Cheese is also a rich source of fat. Curd, Paneer and Cheese can be correlated with Dadhi, Paneer and Cheese in Ayurveda classics which are listed in Nitya Asevaniya Ahara Dravya (food items not to be taken in daily diet). Present study aims to explain rationale behind description of these food items as Nitya Asevaniya Ahara Dravya.

scholarly journals Growth and development of children under 5 years of age with tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Jin Zhu ◽  
Jun An ◽  
Yuqing Wang ◽  
Yili Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Local Conditions

AbstractCongenital Heart Defects (CHDs) are associated with different patterns of malnutrition and growth retardation, which may vary worldwide and need to be evaluated according to local conditions. Although tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the first described CHDs, the etiology outcomes in growth and development of TOF in early age child is still unclear in most cases. This study was designed to investigate the growth retardation status of Chinese pediatric TOF patients under 5 years old. The body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) of 262 pediatric patients (138 boys and 124 girls) who underwent corrective surgery for TOF between 2014 and 2018 were measured using conventional methods. The average body height, body weight and BMI of the patients were significantly lower than WHO Child Growth Standards, while the most affected was body height. Meanwhile, higher stunting frequency and greater deterioration of both the body height and weight happened in elder age (aged 13–60 months) rather than in infant stage (aged 0–12 months) among these patients. Our results confirmed that intervention should be given at early age to prevent the growth retardation of TOF patients getting severer.

INTERACTIONS OF THE PINEAL AND EXPOSURE TO CONTINUOUS LIGHT ON ORGAN WEIGHTS OF FEMALE RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jay Wurtman ◽  
Willard Roth ◽  
Mark D. Altschule ◽  
Judith J. Wurtman
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Bovine Pineal Extracts ◽  
Pineal Extracts ◽  
Effect Of Light

ABSTRACT Either exposure to constant light for 80 days or pinealectomy produced similar changes in the weights of the ovaries and adrenals of female rats. These were not additive when both procedures were employed. Pinealectomy did not share with light-exposure the capacity to induce uterine hypertrophy. Rats exposed to constant light for 56 days had lighter pineals than animals kept in darkness; this decrease was not affected by administration of bovine pineal extracts. The increase in ovarian weight produced in rats by exposure to light for 56 days was prevented by bovine pineal extracts, but these extracts were without effect on the uterine hypertrophy produced under the same conditions. These data suggest that the effect of light upon the weight of the ovary is mediated via the pineal.

Fetal Growth and Development, edited by Harry A. Waisman, M.D., Ph.D., and George R. Kerr, M.D. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970, 320 pp., $17.50

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-505
Author(s):  
Clement A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
New School ◽  
Developmental Physiology

When William Windle published his Physiology of the Fetus, in 1940, he referred to Preyer's Specielle Physiologie des Embryo, published 65 years before that, as "long the only source of summarized knowledge concerning the activities of embryos and fetuses of many species." Dr. Windle then noted how "within the last decade of two" or some 40 years after Preyer, "interest has revived and a new school of developmental physiology has come into being . . . (though) . . . few biologists are aware of all that has been accomplished."

scholarly journals Determination of antibiotic concentration in meconium and its association with fetal growth and development

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingya Zhao ◽  
Yuhan Zhou ◽  
Qingyang Zhu ◽  
Bing Xia ◽  
Wenjuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration

First-trimester fetal growth discordance and development of preeclampsia in dichorionic twin pregnancies

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Maric ◽  
Natasha Singh ◽  
Keith Duncan ◽  
Guy J. Thorpe-Beeston ◽  
Makrina D. Savvidou
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Control Study

AbstractTo investigate the relation between first-trimester fetal growth discrepancy, as assessed by crown-rump length (CRL) at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks of gestation, and subsequent development of preeclampsia (PE) in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies. The association between inter-twin CRL and birth weight (BW) discrepancy was also investigated.This was a retrospective, case-control study of DCDA twin pregnancies. Inter-twin CRL discrepancy was calculated as 100×(larger CRL–smaller CRL)/larger CRL. BW discordance was calculated as 100×(larger BW–smaller BW)/larger BW.The study included 299 DCDA pregnancies that remained normotensive and 35 that subsequently developed PE. There was no significant difference in the inter-twin CRL discrepancy between pregnancies complicated by PE and those that were not [3.2%, interquartile range (IQR): 0.5–4.5% vs. 3.3%, IQR: 1.4–5.5%; P=0.17]. There was a positive correlation between inter-twin CRL and BW discrepancy but only in pregnancies that remained normotensive (P<0.001). In women that subsequently developed PE, there was no association between inter-twin CRL and BW discordance (P=0.54).In unselected DCDA twins, first-trimester CRL discrepancy is not different between pregnancies that subsequently develop PE and those that remain normotensive. Furthermore, in pregnancies that are complicated by PE, the association between inter-twin CRL and BW discrepancy appears to be lost.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document