scholarly journals About the influence of thyroidectomy on the growth and development of the bone and nervous system in young animals

2020 ◽  
Vol VI (3) ◽  
pp. 72-131
Author(s):  
A. F. Akopenko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
The Way

The multifaceted and dark question of the function of the thyroid gland is extremely important, since it is associated with very many serious issues from various areas of medical science. By the way, in the last time, the question of trophic influences of the thyroid glands is increasingly emerging, the question of whether the proper nutrition and development of tissues can depend on the function of the gland. It would be extremely interesting and important to solve this question, since in the direct connection with him there is the question of the immediate ethology of cretinism. Many observations (Virchow, Kocher, Bruns, Grundier, etc.) confirm the existence of a relationship between the action of the gland and the correct nutrition and development of tissues, therefore it would be important to establish this relationship not by an observational, but by a purely experimental way: that is, to put the animal in observed by observers conditions (loss of function of the gland) and see if we get the described phenomena (trophic disorders). With this goal in the course of 1896, in the laboratory of the highly respected Professor V.M. Bekhterev, I undertook a number of experiments aimed at finding out the influence of the function of the thyroid gland on the development of growing animal tissues of the body, mainly bone and nervous, as the most interested in the manifestations of cretinism.

scholarly journals A Case of Hydatid Cyst of Thyroid Gland

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpan Kumar Dey ◽  
Pijush Kanti Mandal ◽  
Agnibha Dutta ◽  
Subhraprakash Pramanik ◽  
Saurabh Maji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multinodular Goitre ◽  
Primary Hydatid Cyst ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

Hydatid cyst may be found in almost any part of the body, but most often in the liver and the lungs. Other organs affected occasionally include the brain, muscle, kidney, heart, pancreas, adrenal, and thyroid gland. Hydatidosis located in the thyroid is an infrequent finding, even in endemic regions. This report documents a rare case with a cystic nodule in the thyroid detected by ultrasonography. The patient was a 30-year-old woman with an euthyroid multinodular goitre. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic nodule, and the ultrasonic appearance of the cyst liquid showed multiple echoes, suggesting that the nodule could be a hydatid cyst. The histopathologic examinations confirmed this to be a primary hydatid cyst of thyroid. During the differential diagnosis of the cystic thyroid lesions, hydatid disease of the thyroid gland should be considered in endemic areas. Chemotherapy is necessary to avoid recurrence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8830 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 143-145

scholarly journals A Postmortem Study of the Pyramidal lobe of the Thyroid Gland in Bangladeshi People

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Begum ◽  
M Khatun ◽  
S Kishwara ◽  
R Ahmed ◽  
J Naushaba
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Pyramidal Lobe ◽  
Group B

Background: The pyramidal lobe is also called the 3rd lobe of the thyroid gland which ascends toward the hyroid bone from the isthmus or the adjacent part of either lobe. A fibrous or fibromascular band the levetor glandulae thyroideae occasionally extends upwards from the apex of the pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone. Any pathology of thyroid gland involves this lobe, some pathology started from here or recurrence may occur from this lobe. Anatomical knowledge about pyramidal lobe is essential for surgeons, endocrinologists, pathologists and sonologists for proper diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases. Study design: Cross sectional descriptive type of study. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. Study period was from July 2003 to June 2004. Materials: The study was done by examining 60 post mortem human thyroid glands, age ranging from 7 to 67 years. The glands were collected from unclaimed dead bodies autopsied in the morgue of Dhaka Medical College and Sir Salimullah Medical College under the department of Forensic Medicine. Methods: The collected sample were grouped in to three age groups including group A(0-20 years), group B (21-50 years) and group C (>50 years). The presence, variation of position of the pyramidal lobe and its relation with levator glandulae thyroideae were studied. Result: The pyramidal lobe was found in 16 of 60 thyroid glands in different age groups and situated more on the left side than the right. In 9 cases, levator glandulae thyroideae were found. All extended from the apex of the pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone. Key words: Pyramidal lobe; levator glandulae thyroideae; thyroid gland. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6270 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 120-123

scholarly journals Observation of Pyramidal Lobe and Levator Glandulae Thyroideae and Their Macroscopic Feature and Relation with Whole Thyroid Gland: A Postmortem Study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Fakhrul Amin Mohammad Hasanul Banna ◽  
Zakia Sultana ◽  
Mansur Khalil ◽  
Jahan Ara Begum ◽  
Manowara Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Pyramidal Lobe ◽  
Normal Standard

Back Ground: The thyroid is a brownish red, highly vascular earliest endocrine glandular structure appears in mammal. The size of thyroid gland varies considerably with age, sex, physiologic state, race and geographical location. It is larger and heavier in mature females than in males, and it hypertrophies during menstruation and pregnancy. Diseases of thyroid may need surgical intervention. During thyroid surgery, there is every possibility of occurrence of haemorrhage and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. So this study is to carry out the macroscopic and microscopic architecture of thyroid gland of different age and sex groups in Bangladeshi people to establish a normal standard. This study will also help in minimizing complications of thyroid surgery and tracheostomy.Study design: Mainly descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytic component.Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Sylhet M. A. G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, from 1st July 2006 to 30th June 2007.Materials: The study was carried out on 54 autopsied human thyroid glands aged 5 to 65 years. Thyroid glands were collected from unclaimed dead bodies autopsied in morgue of Sylhet M. A. G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet.Methods: The collected specimens were divided into age group A (10 years and below), group B (11 to 20 years), group C (21 to 30 years), group D (31 to 40 years), group E (41 to 50 years) and group F (51years and above). All specimens were examined morphologically by fine dissection method.Result: Pyramidal lobe and levator glandulae thyroideae were present in 37.04% and 59.26% cases respectively and were situated to the left side of midline in most of the cases. In most of the cases levator glandulae thyroideae had association with apex of pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone.Conclusion: From observation and results it reached conclusion that the present study will help to increase the information pool on the anatomy of thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people. To establish a normal standard for Bangladeshi people, further studies with large samples from different zones including goitre endemic zones of the country are suggested. Medicine Today 2010 Volume 22 Number 02 Page 83-87 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v22i2.12440

scholarly journals Goitre or Iodine deficiency disorder – there is more than meets the eye

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Shariq R Masoodi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder

THIS ARTICLE HAS NO ABSTRACT (FIRST 100 WORDS OF THE ARTICLE ARE DISPLAYED): Iodine deficiency is the world's most widespread, yet easily preventable, cause of brain damage. Iodine is an essential element that is needed for the production of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which are essential for the normal growth and development, and well being of all humans. Iodine was discovered by Courtois in 1811 as a violet vapor arising from seaweed ash while manufacturing gunpowder for Napoleon's army. Gay-Lussac identified it as a new element, and named it iodine, from the Greek for “violet.” Iodine was found in the thyroid gland by 1 Baumann in 1895. The body does. JMS 2012;15(1):1-3.

The President’s broadcast on 6 March 1952 on Sir Charles Sherrington (1857-1952)

1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Heavy Machinery ◽  
Medical Degree ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

Sir Charles Sherrington took his medical degree nearly seventy years ago, when, as he once said, all the professors and lecturers wore beards or side whiskers ; and one of his first undertakings was a visit to Spain in 1885 to study an outbreak of cholera. After that he settled down to research on the brain and the nerves, and he went on with this till he retired from his professorship at Oxford seventeen years ago. What he did was to give us an entirely new outlook on the working of the nervous system, the way in which the sense organs are linked to the brain and the brain to the muscles to form the great controlling apparatus of the body, the intelligence system and headquarters which direct every movement we make : so that we keep our balance on two legs and go where we want and behave, in fact, like living people. For instance, one of the first things he found out was that there is a signalling arrangement in every muscle which keeps its movement under control by sending back information to the nervous system about the force the muscle is exerting at each moment. Nowadays we call this a feed-back mechanism ; its importance in our own bodies has become more and more obvious because the same kind of arrangement is now used by engineers for controlling the movement of heavy machinery.

scholarly journals Neurodegenerative Diseases: Regenerative Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashad Hussain ◽  
Hira Zubair ◽  
Sarah Pursell ◽  
Muhammad Shahab
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current Review ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Novel Therapeutic ◽  
Removal System

Regeneration refers to regrowth of tissue in the central nervous system. It includes generation of new neurons, glia, myelin, and synapses, as well as the regaining of essential functions: sensory, motor, emotional and cognitive abilities. Unfortunately, regeneration within the nervous system is very slow compared to other body systems. This relative slowness is attributed to increased vulnerability to irreversible cellular insults and the loss of function due to the very long lifespan of neurons, the stretch of cells and cytoplasm over several dozens of inches throughout the body, insufficiency of the tissue-level waste removal system, and minimal neural cell proliferation/self-renewal capacity. In this context, the current review summarized the most common features of major neurodegenerative disorders; their causes and consequences and proposed novel therapeutic approaches.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Upper and Lower Extremity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Stogicza ◽  
Bartha Peter Tohotom ◽  
Edit Racz ◽  
Andrea Trescot ◽  
Alan Berkman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic debilitating pain condition of the extremities; it can affect, less commonly, other areas of the body (face, pelvis, abdomen). Its early presentation—pain disproportionate to the injury, skin temperature changes, hyperalgesia, allodynia—is often not recognized, delaying treatment. In later phases, with sympathetic nervous system involvement, it presents with skin and muscle atrophy, hair loss, allodynia, loss of function, and decreased range of motion. In severe cases, it can spread from one area to the other. Imaging findings (X-ray, MRI, bone scintigraphy) are nonspecific. They are used to support the diagnosis, and to exclude conditions that can present similarly. Treatment is challenging and includes physical therapy, psychologic support, medication management, and minimally invasive interventions to decrease pain, to positively influence the sympathetic nervous system, and to preserve function. A multidisciplinary approach is likely to be the most beneficial.

scholarly journals Features of the expression of Fox-1 in rat’s thyroid after prenatal dexamethasone action

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3 (99)) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
O. Fedosieieva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the work was to establish the features of Fox-1 expression and distribution in the parenchyma of the thyroid gland of rats in the postnatal period of ontogeny in the norm and after intrauterine action of dexamethasone.Material and methods: thyroid gland of rats (162 animals) of the Wistar line at the age from 1 to 14 days of postnatal development. Experimentally, the animals were injected intrauterinely with a solution of dexamethasone at a dose of 0.05 ml at a dilution of 1:40 on the 18th day of the dated pregnancy. The material was examined using a set of methods of morphological studies (production of histological serial sections, survey microscopy, morphometry, immunohistochemistry and statistical processing).Results of the research. In the thyroid glands of neonatal prenatal dexamethasone, the parenchyma was well developed and consisted of hollow colloid-type follicles and single colloid-type microfollicles, and a bright cytoplasmic reaction with Fox-1 antibodies was observed throughout the organ parenchyma. In the thyroid glands of animals of the 3rd day of life, morphological changes occurred in all groups of the experiment. In animals of the experimental group, hollow follicles of colloidal type of small, medium and large diameter were chaotically visualized throughout the body, and large follicles of irregular shape with immunohistochemical weak or negative reaction with Fox-1 antibodies in thyrocytes and lumen without colloidal evidence, which detected a decrease in the specific synthetic activity in these thyrocytes. On day 7 in the experimental group in the flattened thyrocytes of overstretched follicles, the expression of Fox-1 was present only in the apical part. On days 11-14 of postnatal development in the thyroid glands of rats experimentally prenatally exposed to dexamethasone in the wall of large follicles with flattened epithelium began extrafollicular proliferation of thyrocytes on the background of visualization in the lumen of these follicles desquamated cells. Intensive perinuclear and cytoplasmic Fox-1 positive reaction was present in extrafollicular proliferating thyrocytes.Conclusions. 1. The detected changes in the first day of life in the thyroid gland of rats indicated that prenatal administration of dexamethasone affects the intensification of differentiation not only structural and functional units - follicles, but also a specific synthetic intracellular apparatus of thyrocytes, judging by the intensification of Fox-1. Thus, immature pre-mRNA is converted into mature mRNA, from which thyroid proteins, in particular thyroglobulin, are translated. By the time of birth, this process in the experimental group reaches a significant development, covering the entire parenchyma of the gland. 2. In rats prenatally receiving dexamethasone, the period of lactation was characterized by intense structural changes in the thyroid gland, in particular intracellularly in thyrocytes of monolayer flattened epithelium, the expression of Fox-1 antibodies was sharply reduced, which was then replaced by a bright cytoplasmic reaction in proliferative clusters and follicles of colloidal type of secretion, which is an adaptive-compensatory mechanism of intracellular enhancement of proliferation of synthesizing organelles in response to the restructuring of a significant number of existing follicles by hypofunctional type, aimed at maintaining normal levels of thyroid function.

BIREFRINGENT CRYSTALS IN HUMAN THYROID

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Edward MacMahon ◽  
Ho Yong Lee ◽  
Clara F. Rivelis
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Birefringent Crystals

ABSTRACT A histological examination of 500 thyroid glands from unselected autopsies confirmed the earlier observation of Günther and Richter that anisotrophic crystals are commonly found in the thyroid gland. They may be found at all ages and in both sexes. They may be found in premature infants as early as colloid appears in the follicle. These crystals are most abundant in the elderly. They tend to disappear in thyroid glands badly damaged by disease. They have been identified as calcium oxylate monohydrate. Similar crystals are not seen in any other organ in the body. Their presence is an enigma.

scholarly journals Influence of thyroid hormones on nervous system development – brief review

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Rafael Cisne ◽  
Rayssa Justo ◽  
Edimilson Migowski
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Neonatal Life ◽  
Mental Slowness

<p>The thyroid gland secretes important hormones for the overall development of organism, which include some related to tissue growth, as well as hormones that stimulate the O2 uptake in the cells and help the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore influence the body mass and activity level thereof, including the activities of nervous system. The thyroid gland is not essential for life, however their absence or hypofunction during fetal and neonatal life result in severe mental, physical and mental slowness, poor resistance to cold, as well as dwarfism. The hyperfunction of this gland leads to weight loss, nervousness, tachycardia, tremor and production of excess heat.</p>

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