ROLE OF SOAP FORMATION IN UTILIZATION OF FULL-FAT CANOLA BY LAYING HENS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. ATTEH ◽  
S. LEESON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Laying hens (35 w old) were offered diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20% full-fat canola over an 8-wk period. There were no significant effects of the dietary treatments on egg production, egg weight or egg shell quality (P > 0.05). Although laying hens fed each of the diets consumed similar quantities of feed (P > 0.05), birds consuming diets containing 15 or 20% full-fat canola gained less weight compared to birds fed lower levels of full-fat canola (P < 0.01). There was no difference among treatments for apparent retention of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus or magnesium (P > 0.05) However there was a decrease in both fat retention and energy utilization with an increase in dietary level of full-fat canola (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the fat content of the eggs as affected by the dietary treatments and with the exception of a decrease in proportion of palmitic acid (P < 0.05) and increase of linolenic acid (P < 0.05) increased inclusion of full-fat canola had little effect on egg fatty acid content. There was no significant effect on the dietary treatments on bone ash and bone mineral content. These data suggest that while high levels of full-fat canola have little effect on performance during short-term studies, there is concern of the birds' ability to digest canola lipids. Key words: Full-fat canola, laying hen, bone mineralization

Assessing the response of hen weight, body composition, feather score, egg quality, and level of excreta nitrogen content to digestible balanced protein intake of laying hens

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
C. Raginski ◽  
K. Schwean-Lardner ◽  
H.L. Classen
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
N Content ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Level Of Significance

Ideally balanced dietary protein is critical for laying hen egg production and feed efficiency, but also affects other important characteristics. This research was designed to study the nonegg production and feed intake response of Lohmann-LSL Lite hens to 550, 625, 700, 775, and 850 mg d−1 of amino acid balanced digestible lysine (Dlys) from 27 to 66 wk of age. Data collection included hen weight (HW), feather scoring, tissue weights, egg specific gravity, egg component weights, and excreta nitrogen (N) content. The experiment was a completely randomized design and level of significance was fixed at P ≤ 0.05. Hen weight (quadratic, Q), pectoralis muscle (absolute, % – Q), and abdominal fat (absolute – linear, L; % – Q) increased with increasing Dlys intake. Although gastrointestinal segment weights and lengths were affected by Dlys intake, interpretation of results was confounded by other aspects of diet composition. Hen feather score (L) and excreta N content (Q) increased, and egg shell quality (L) decreased with increasing Dlys intake. Absolute egg component weights increased with Dlys intake, but effects on proportional weights were Q and relatively minor. In conclusion, balanced Dlys intake affected a variety of practical nonproduction characteristics in laying hens.

scholarly journals The Response of Layer Hen Productivity and Egg Quality to an Additional Limestone Source when Offered Diets Differing in Calcium Concentrations and the Inclusion of Phytase

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2991
Author(s):  
Isabelle Ruhnke ◽  
Yeasmin Akter ◽  
Terence Zimazile Sibanda ◽  
Aaron J. Cowieson ◽  
Stuart Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
The Impact

Laying hens require substantial quantities of calcium (Ca) to maintain egg production. However, maintaining recommended dietary Ca through inclusion of limestone may impede nutrient digestibility, including that of other minerals. It was hypothesized that providing a separate source of dietary Ca in the form of limestone grit would preserve Ca intake of hens offered diets containing suboptimal Ca concentrations. Furthermore, the impact of dietary phytase at a “superdosing” inclusion rate on the voluntary consumption of limestone grit was evaluated. One hundred and forty-four laying hens (19 weeks of age) were assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement comprising three dietary Ca concentrations (40, 30, and 20 g/kg) and ±dietary phytase (3500 FYT/kg diet) on an ad libitum basis for six weeks. Limestone grit (3.4 ± 1.0 mm) was provided to all hens ad libitum. Hens offered diets containing phytase consumed significantly less limestone grit p = 0.024). Egg weight, rate of lay, and egg mass were unaffected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). Egg shell weight % (p < 0.001), shell thickness (p < 0.001), and shell breaking strength (p < 0.01) decreased in line with dietary Ca levels. In summary, dietary superdosing with phytase reduced the consumption of a separate limestone source in individually housed, early lay ISA Brown hens. Egg shell quality variables but not egg production worsened in line with lower dietary Ca levels.

scholarly journals Osteopenia: a disease of laying hens with major impact on production and welfare

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
K. C. KOUTOULIS (Κ.Χ. ΚΟΥΤΟΥΛΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Production Problems

Osteopenia is a significant disease of the skeleton in mature chickens used for egg production. It characteristically occurs in lines of laying hens with high rates of egg production and can be regarded as a generalised skeletal disorder resulting in bone fractures. Since the condition was first recognised, the scale of the problem has increased. It was estimated that in commercial flocks in the United States approximately 15-30% of hen mortality is related to osteopenia. The condition is divided into two forms: peracute, where death occurred with the onset of symptoms and acute, where the birds survived the initial collapse. The condition was first known as 'Cage Layer Fatigue', but terms such as 'Cage Layer Paralysis' and 'Cage Layer Osteoporosis' are also used. Nowadays there are three different terms which are used to describe poor bone condition. Osteopenia is a less specific term, which describes a loss in the amount of bone tissues leading to bone fragility without implying whether or not bone density is involved. Osteomalacia is caused by defective mineralisation of bone tissue and is characterised primarily by thick seams of unmineralised or poorly mineralised organic matrix on the surfaces of medullary bone trabeculae. In osteoporosis there is a decrease in the amount of bone tissue, the matrix of which is normally mineralised. Production problems and financial losses to the producer are caused by osteopenia affecting at the same time the welfare of the birds. Pain and distress associated with broken bones and healed or new fractures obviously compromise the welfare of the birds. There are also production problems, associated firstly with mortality and lost production in battery hens and secondly in the processing of spent layers where bone breakage results in the contamination of carcasses and recovered meat with splinters of bone. Losses to the poultry industry that result from cracked and broken eggs are very considerable and it is very important for the producer to maximise the difference between the value of saleable outputs and nutritional costs. Therefore, the relationships between dietary calcium, bone components, eggshell formation and their consequences, which might result from an imbalance between them (e.g. osteopenia, decreased shell quality), strongly affect the finalprofit of a laying flock and the income of the producer. The causes of osteopenia are divided into immediate - osteomalacia andosteoporosis -and predisposing causes, such as genetic, nutritional and husbandry effects. Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D deficiencies or imbalance of the calcium/phosphorus ratio in the diet can induce osteomalacia, whereas osteoporosis maybe relatedwith hormonal changes, lack of exercise and age-related effects. Factors, such as age at sexual maturity, body weight, medullarybone and various pharmaceutical and nutritional factors, may also strongly influence bone strength. Osteopenia is largely geneticin origin, resulting from the breeding of light weight, energetically efficient birds that remain in a high rate of lay for a prolongedperiod. Thus, a genetic solution to the problem seems to be possible. Further and immediate improvement in bone strength is likely to come from husbandry and nutritional practices. Husbandry modifications have been proven very influential on improving or reducing bone strength. Nutritional techniques have been the most commonly adopted in an attempt to reduce the severity of osteopenia. By modifying the diet, the beneficial or non-beneficial effects of the various experimental trials on bone strength could be immediate and cost-effective compared with genetic and husbandry modifications.

Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Egg Production and Egg Shell Quality in Laying Hens Drinking Saline Water

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 2897-2900
Author(s):  
J. Mirabdollb ◽  
S.A. Hosseini . ◽  
H. Lotfollahian . ◽  
Mahdavi Ali . ◽  
Kalanie Mehdi .
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Cement on Egg Production and Egg Shell Quality in Laying Hens

1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2030-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Scott ◽  
C.R. Creger ◽  
T.M. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell

THE REPLACEMENT VALUE OF CANOLA MEAL FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN POULTRY DIETS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON ◽  
J. O. ATTEH ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Poultry Diets

The effects of replacing between 0 and 100% of dietary soybean meal with canola meal was investigated using broiler chicks and laying hens. At the highest inclusion levels, canola meal accounted for 38 and 25% of the diet of broilers and layers, respectively. For broiler chicks, there was no effect of the dietary treatments on feed intake, weight gain or feed efficiency (P > 0.05). Canola meal replaced 100% of dietary soybean meal without any significant effect on protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus or magnesium retention and energy utilization. There was also no significant effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal on fecal soap concentration, bone ash and bone calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content. There was no significant effect of replacing all dietary soybean meal with canola meal on performance, nutrient retention and bone mineralization in laying hens (P > 0.05). These results suggest that canola meal can replace soybean meal without any adverse effects on general performance, nutrient retention or mineral metabolism of chicks and laying hens. Key words: Canola meal, broiler, layer, performance, nutrient retention

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Dry Hydrastis canadensis on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Cecal Microbiota in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Tzuen-Rong J Tzeng ◽  
Tzu-Yu Liu ◽  
Chiao-Wei Lin ◽  
Pei-En Chang ◽  
Pei-Xin Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydrastis Canadensis ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Alternative growth promoters are able to not only effectively replace the traditional use of antibiotics but also provide additional health benefits for livestock and reduce food safety concerns. This study investigated the effects of dry Hydrastis canadensis on the laying performance and fecal microbial community of laying hens. Twenty-four Lohmann (LSL, white layer strain) hens were reared from 40 to 48 weeks of age and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (six birds/treatment). The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet with no treatment as control, a basal diet plus 0.6% powder of dry Hydrastis canadensis roots (R) or leaves (L), and a basal diet plus 0.6% powder of a mixture of dry Hydrastis canadensis roots and leaves (1:1, LR). No mortality was observed in the whole experimental period. The results indicated that albumen height in the LR group was significantly greater than that in the control group. The diet supplemented with Hydrastis canadensis had no significant effects on egg production rate, egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, or yolk height during the whole experimental phase. However, principal coordinate analysis, comparative heat map analysis, and cluster dendrogram analysis of cecal microbiota showed distinct clusters among the groups treated with Hydrastis canadensis and the control group. Regarding blood biochemical parameters, serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in all Hydrastis canadensis-treated groups compared with those in the control group. Moreover, serum low-density lipoprotein levels were lower in hens supplemented with the leaf of Hydrastis canadensis. The abundances of the phyla Fusobacteria and Kiritimatiellaeota were increased (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed with 0.6% Hydrastis canadensis leaves, whereas the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes in cecum digesta decreased in response to treatment with Hydrastis canadensis roots and leaves. The relative abundance of the Fusobacterium genus was higher in the LR group compared with that in the control. On the contrary, we found a different trend in the Synergistes genus. The potential influences of these microbiota on the performance of laying hens were discussed. The results demonstrate that Hydrastis canadensis can improve the egg albumen height and modulate the cecum digesta microbiota composition of laying hens.

scholarly journals Dual-Purpose Poultry in Organic Egg Production and Effects on Egg Quality Parameters

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Marianne Hammershøj ◽  
Gitte Hald Kristiansen ◽  
Sanna Steenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Genotype A

Egg laying genotypes have been selected for generations due to their high yield and egg quality, resulting in efficient feed utilization and low body weight; hence, they are not suitable for meat production. This imposes an issue for the male layer chicks, which are killed at one day old. Because of ethical and food waste concerns, the search for suitable dual-purpose genotypes in order to avoid euthanasia of male day-old chicks has intensified. The aim of the present study is to evaluate potential dual-purpose genotypes for their egg quality compared to a representative egg laying genotype. Three dual-purpose genotypes with divergent characteristics were evaluated: genotype A represented an experimental crossbreed based on a broiler type male and an egg layer female, genotype B was a pure breed, and genotype C was a crossbreed of a layer type. These were compared to a control genotype D, which was an egg layer. Eggs were collected six times during the period of 21–54 weeks of hen age, i.e., a total of 1080 shell eggs were analyzed. Examined parameters were weights of egg, shell, yolk, and albumen, by calculating their relative proportions. Shell quality was assessed by shell strength, shell stiffness, and shell thickness. Yolk quality was determined as yolk color and inclusions of blood and meat spots, and albumen quality was evaluated in terms of pH and dry matter (DM) content. The egg layer genotype produced the smallest eggs with least blood and meat spot inclusions compared to that produced by the three dual-purpose genotypes. Shell quality was superior for the layer genotype. However, the experimental genotype A laid eggs of comparable shell quality, albumen DM, and yolk weight, but also with the darkest and most red-yellow colored yolk. The two other dual-purpose genotypes produced eggs of low-medium quality. In conclusion, the genotype A could serve as dual-purpose genotype from an egg quality perspective.

THE EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF NICARBAZIN ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON ◽  
L. J. CASTON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Egg Shell

Three experiments were undertaken to investigate the coccidiostat, nicarbazin, on reproductive performance of layers. In trial 1, levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 125, and 200 ppm nicarbazin were fed to White leghorn laying hens for 5 wk. By the 2nd week of nicarbazin treatment, egg production was significantly reduced in birds fed 125 and 200 ppm (P < 0.05). Similarly, increasing levels of nicarbazin resulted in decreasing egg weights (P < 0.01) and feed intake was significantly decreased. However, by the 2nd week post-nicarbazin treatment, egg production, egg weight, and feed intake had returned to normal. Nicarbazin had no effect on egg shell deformation or body weight. Nicarbazin had a marked effect on hatchability; levels of 125 and 200 ppm reduced hatchability significantly (P < 0.01) as well as producing an increased incidence of malpositions and malformations. When nicarbazin was withdrawn from the diet, hatchability returned to pretreatment values although malpositions and malformations were still in evidence. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to study the effect of nicarbazin on production of brown-shelled eggs. In the 2nd experiment 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 ppm of dietary nicarbazin resulted in significant loss of shell color at 20 and 40 ppm, whereas in exp. 3 with levels of 0, 80, 125, and 200 ppm, brown eggs lost virtually all their color. It is concluded that the adult White Leghorn bird can tolerate up to 125 ppm nicarbazin without significant (P < 0.01) loss of reproductive performance although lower levels show a trend for reduced production. Hatchability is depressed with nicarbazin levels in excess of 80 ppm, while trace levels will produce a visual loss of color in brown-shelled eggs. Key words: Layer, coccidiostat, reproductive performance

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