LOW DIETARY ZINC INTAKE DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION OF GILTS. II. EFFECTS ON THE OFFSPRING

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KALINOWSKI ◽  
E. R. CHAVEZ
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Lowered Body ◽  
Overall Mortality

Zinc (Zn) depletion was induced in pregnant gilts by feeding a diet containing 10 mg kg−1 Zn from day 22 of pregnancy until day 14 of lactation. Offspring of depleted gilts were born with lowered body, liver and gut weights; augmented lung weight; reduced plasma Zn, copper (Cu), ammonia (NH3), and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA); reduced hematocrit; increased glucose and lactate. Delivery problems of the dam caused a high incidence of stillbirths due to intrapartum anoxia. During the first week of age, piglets from depleted gilts exhibited lower body weight and reduced viability; lower plasma Zn, APA and NH3. At 2 wk of age body and organ weights were not different from that of controls; overall mortality was higher; plasma Zn was lower but Cu was higher. Zn-depletion of the dam endangered the outcome of pregnancy and promoted physiological changes in the newborn that affected neonatal growth. Key words: Piglets, viability, hypoxia, zinc

LOW DIETARY ZINC INTAKE DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION OF GILTS. I. EFFECTS ON THE DAM

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KALINOWSKI ◽  
E. R. CHAVEZ
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum

Pairs of littermate gilts were fed semipurified diets (2 kg d−1) containing either 10 or 52 ppm Zinc (Zn) throughout pregnancy and the two first weeks of lactation (ad libitum). Low dietary Zn did not affect feed consumption or weight changes of gilts. Low-Zn gilts showed lower plasma Zn and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) throughout gestation and lactation and lower iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) before the last third of pregnancy. Urinary Zn was very sensitive to low Zn intake. Plasma protein and ammonia (NH3) were not affected by treatment. One-half of the deficient gilts exhibited skin lesions. Low-Zn gilts showed prolonged and stressful parturition with high incidence of intrapartum mortality reflected in the number of stillbirths. Total liveweight of the litter at birth, 1 and 2 wk of age was lower in Zn-deficient gilts. Low Zn supply did not affect the protein content or the profiles of the serum proteins of colostrum or milk but did affect the mineral composition. Colostrum of low-Zn gilts showed higher Cu, Fe and manganese (Mn), whereas milk showed lower Zn and higher Cu. Results obtained emphasize the importance of Zn for a normal pregnancy, delivery and nursing performance of the gilt. Key words: Zinc, gilts, pregnancy, lactation, piglets

The effect of lower body weight support on arterial wave reflection in healthy adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Afzal ◽  
Daniel Fung ◽  
Sean Galligan ◽  
Ellen M. Godwin ◽  
John G. Kral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Arterial Wave Reflection

scholarly journals Fryl deficiency is associated with defective kidney development and function in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Sub Byun ◽  
Eun-Kyoung Kim ◽  
Kimi Araki ◽  
Ken-ichi Yamamura ◽  
Kihoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Mouse Line ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Gene Functions ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

FRY like transcription coactivator ( Fryl) gene located on chromosome 5 is a paralog of FRY microtubule binding protein ( Fry) in vertebrates. It encodes a protein with unknown functions. Fryl gene is conserved in various species ranging from eukaryotes to human. Although there are several reports on functions of Fry gene, functions of Fryl gene remain unclear. A mouse line containing null mutation in Fryl gene by gene trapping was produced in this study for the first time. The survival and growth of Fryl−/− mice were observed. Fryl gene expression levels in mouse tissues were determined and histopathologic analyses were conducted. Most Fryl−/− mice died soon after birth. Rare Fryl−/− survivors showed growth retardation with significantly lower body weight compared to their littermate controls. Although they could breed, more than half of Fryl−/− survivors died of hydronephrosis before age 1. No abnormal histopathologic lesion was apparent in full-term embryo or adult tissues except the kidney. Abnormal lining cell layer detachments from walls of collecting and convoluted tubules in kidneys were apparent in Fryl−/− neonates and full-term embryos. Fryl gene was expressed in renal tubular tissues including the glomeruli and convoluted and collecting tubules. This indicates that defects in tubular systems are associated with Fryl functions and death of Fryl−/− neonates. Fryl protein is required for normal development and functional maintenance of kidney in mice. This is the first report of in vivo Fryl gene functions. Impact statement FRY like transcription coactivator ( Fryl) gene is conserved in various species ranging from eukaryotes to human. It expresses a protein with unknown function. We generated a Fryl gene mutant mouse line and found that most homozygous mice died soon after their birth. Rare Fryl−/− survivors showed growth retardation with significantly lower body weight compared to their littermate controls. Although they could breed, more than half of Fryl−/− survivors died of hydronephrosis before age 1. Full-term mutant embryos showed abnormal collecting and convoluted tubules in kidneys where Fryl gene was expressed. Collectively, these results indicate that Fryl protein is required for normal development and functional maintenance of kidney in mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on in vivo Fryl gene functions.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF CALCIUM ANTAGONIST ISRADIPINE ON THE PREGNANCY AND OFFSPRING OF RATS

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. VILELA-GOULART ◽  
W.P. BASTOS-RAMOS ◽  
M.N.G. MANCINI
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Male Quality ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Calcium Blockers ◽  
Dental Eruption ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Drug Influence

Os bloqueadores de cálcio são utilizados em doenças cardiovasculares, usualmente em tratamentos de longa duração e ocasionalmente em mulheres grávidas. A isradipina é uma importante droga antihipertensiva, considerada segura na gravidez e sem efeitos teratogênicos. Neste estudo foram estudados, em ratos Wistar, os efeitos da isradipina sobre a implantação uterina, reabsorção fetal e sobre os níveis plasmáticos de cálcio, fosfato e proteínas totais. Foram utilizados 32 fêmeas e 12 machos com qualidade controlada. A droga foi administrada na água de beber durante 56 dias, sendo 35 antes do acasalamento e 21 durante a prenhêz. Em um grupo, foi realizada operação cesareana ao 20º / dia de gestação e em outro, os ratos nasceram de parto natural e foram observados durante 30 dias, com manutenção da administração de isradipina. Por ocasião da cesareana foram obtidas amostras de sangue de mães e filhotes, para determinação de cálcio, fosfato e proteínas totais plasmáticas. Para observar a influência da droga no / tratamento prolongado sobre os ossos, a mineralização do fêmur das mães foi avaliada. Os resultados mostraram que a isradipina estimulou a implantação uterina porém aumentou a reabsorção fetal. Nenhum efeito teratogênico foi observado, entretanto ocorreu diminuição significativa do peso dos filhotes. Os níveis plasmãticos de cálcio, fosfato e proteínas totais não foram alterados pela droga. O período da erupção dental não foi alterado nos filhotes nascidos de mães tratadas. Abstract Calcium blockers are used in cardiovascular diseases, usually in long term treatments and sometimes in pregnant women. Isradipine is an important antihypertensive drug, considered to be safe in pregnancy. In this study, the effects of isradipine were evaluated regarding to the uterine implantation, fetal reabsorption, plasmatic levels of calcium, phosphate and total protein of mother and offspring. Thirty-two female and 12 male quality-controlled Wistar rats were used. The drug was administered in drinking water for 56 days: 35 days before mating and 21 days along the pregnancy. In one group, caesarean surgery was performed on the 20th//day and in the other, isradipine treatment continued for the naturally born rats, which were observed along 30 days. During the caesarean, blood samples of mothers and newborns were taken and plasmatic / levels of calcium, phosphate and total proteins determined. To observe the drug influence on the bones, femur mineralization of mothers was evaluated. Results showed that isradipine stimulated uterine implantation; however, it increased the fetal reabsorption. No teratogenic effect was observed but newborns displayed a lower body weight. Plasmatic levels of calcium, phosphate and total proteins were not influenced by the drug. Dental eruption was not disturbed in the offspring born from the treated mothers.

Prevalence and predictors of postoperative peritoneal dialysis in infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 476-481
Author(s):  
Michael Caesario ◽  
Dicky Fakhri ◽  
Pribadi Wiranda Busro ◽  
Salomo Purba ◽  
Liza Fitria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Risk Adjustment ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Congenital Heart Surgery ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Younger Age

Background Data regarding predictors of the eventual need for postoperative peritoneal dialysis in infants undergoing open heart surgery is still limited. We aimed to determine whether prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, surgical complexity classified according to Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery category, younger age, and lower body weight increase the probability of requiring postoperative peritoneal dialysis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of 181 infants who underwent open heart surgery at our institution from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Cardiopulmonary bypass time, Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery category, age, body weight, and the need for postoperative peritoneal dialysis were recorded and analyzed. Results Thirteen (7.2%) of the 181 patients required postoperative peritoneal dialysis. This group was found to have a longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, younger age, and lower body weight. Longer cardiopulmonary bypass time ( p = 0.001), higher Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery category ( p = 0.018), younger age ( p < 0.001), and lower body weight ( p < 0.001) significantly increased the risk of postoperative peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion Longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, more complex surgery, younger age, and lower body weight increase the probability of requiring postoperative peritoneal dialysis in infants undergoing open heart surgery.

Age, sex, and lactating status regulate ghrelin secretion and GOAT mRNA levels from isolated rat stomach

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. E341-E350 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Al-Massadi ◽  
A. B. Crujeiras ◽  
R. C. González ◽  
M. Pardo ◽  
C. Diéguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion ◽  
First Time ◽  
Circulating Levels

Ghrelin is a stomach derivate peptide involved in energy homeostasis regulation, and ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is the enzyme responsible for ghrelin acylation. Puberty is a period characterized by profound changes in the metabolic requirements and notable variations of sexual hormone levels. On the other hand, the weaning process is a fundamental modification of the diet, which implicates several adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract physiology. Until now the direct secretion of ghrelin by the stomach in these conditions, without interferences from other organs, has never been studied. The main objective of this article was to investigate how the stomach modulates ghrelin production and secretion as well as GOAT expression on these periods of life. Gastric ghrelin secretion is regulated through postnatal life in an independent way of gastric expression and circulating levels of this hormone. The present work shows a strong regulation of gastric ghrelin secretion by estrogens. The weaning strongly regulates gastric ghrelin secretion. Animals subjected to delayed weaning present a lower body weight than the corresponding controls. For the first time, it is shown that a noticeable decrease in circulating levels of testosterone and estrogens is associated with delay of weaning. GOAT mRNA levels in the stomach are strongly regulated by age, breastfeeding, and testosterone. In conclusion, the stomach itself regulates ghrelin and GOAT production to adapt the organism to the metabolic requirements demanded through each stage of life.

REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF COWS WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF DAIRY GENES

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Сибагатуллин ◽  
Fatikh Sibagatullin ◽  
Шайдуллин ◽  
Radik Shaydullin ◽  
Ганиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Lower Body Weight

The aim of this work was to study the reproductive capacity of fresh cows with various genotypes of kappa-casein gene and diatsetilglitserin O-acetyl transferase. It was revealed that at an early age of insemination and calving, animals have a lower body weight at first calving. Cows on the gene locus of kappa-casein AB and BB, gene of butterfat AK and KK were observed elongated expectancy service- and between calving periods (106 and 394 days, 105 and 400 days) and a lower coefficient of reproductive ability and Doha’s index (0.93 and 46.2, 0.91 and 45.8), which suggests a slight decrease in their reproductive capacity.

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