INFLUENCE OF GLUCOSINOLATES AND FREE OXAZOLIDINETHIONE IN A LAYING DIET CONTAINING A CONSTANT AMOUNT OF SINAPINE ON THE THYROID SIZE AND HEPATIC TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY OF BROWN-EGG LAYERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. GOH ◽  
A. R. ROBBLEE ◽  
D. R. CLANDININ
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Constant Amount

The effects of varying amounts of glucosinolate and free oxazolidinethione (OZT) in laying diets containing a constant amount of sinapine on thyroid size, hepatic trimethylamine (TMA) oxidase activity, and TMA levels in plasma and egg contents were studied. The diets fed contained aqueous extracts of RSM produced from high, medium and low glucosinolate cultivars (Oro, Span and Tower) which were included in amounts that provided the same level of sinapine in each diet. Thyroid size, plasma TMA levels and liver TMA oxidase activity were determined and eggs from individual birds in each treatment were analyzed for TMA content. The presence of progoitrin and free OZT in a laying diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) thyroid size and severely depressed hepatic TMA oxidase activity of the birds as compared to those fed a control diet. The degree of thyroid enlargement was largest for birds fed the Oro extract and was least for birds fed the Tower extract. The decrease in hepatic TMA oxidase activity, however, was greatest for layers fed the Tower extract and least for those fed the Oro extract. The decrease in TMA oxidase activity led to elevated plasma TMA levels and increased TMA content of eggs of brown-egg layers. Key words: Rapeseed meal, glucosinolate, oxazolidinethione, thyroid size, TMA oxidase, brown-egg layers

INFLUENCE OF GLUCOSINOLATES AND FREE OXAZOLIDINETHIONE IN A LAYING DIET CONTAINING A CONSTANT AMOUNT OF SINAPINE ON THE TRIMETHYLAMINE CONTENT AND FISHY ODOR OF EGGS FROM BROWN-SHELLED EGG LAYERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. GOH ◽  
A. R. ROBBLEE ◽  
D. R. CLANDININ
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
Fishy Odor

An experiment was conducted to study the effect that varying the amount of glucosinolates and free oxazolidinethione (OZT) in a laying diet containing a constant amount of sinapine had on the trimethylamine (TMA) content of eggs and the incidence of fishy eggs from brown-shelled egg layers. Duplicate groups of 10 Rhode Island Red laying hens which had been found to lay fishy eggs when fed a diet containing 10% rapeseed meal (RSM) were fed each of the four experimental diets. The diets consisted of a wheat-soybean-meal-type control diet and three diets to which aqueous extracts of RSM produced from high, medium and low glucosinolate cultivars (Oro, Span and Tower) were added. The extracts were included in the diet at levels of 3.42, 4.4 and 5.0%, respectively, to provide a sinapine content of 0.17%, a level equivalent to that which would result from the inclusion of 10% RSM in the diet. The results showed that the TMA content of eggs produced by the layers fed the diet containing Tower aqueous extract was significantly higher than that of eggs produced by birds fed the diets containing Oro or Span aqueous extracts (P < 0.05). Since the level of glucosinolates in the diets containing Oro and Span aqueous extracts were about seven times that in the diet containing the Tower aqueous extract, it may be concluded that intact glucosinolates do not affect the amount of TMA in eggs from brown-shelled egg layers fed a diet containing a constant amount of sinapine. On the other hand, free OZT in the diet increased the TMA content of the eggs and the incidence of fishy eggs produced by brown-shelled egg layers. Key words: Rapeseed meal, glucosinolate, oxazolidinethione, trimethylamine, fishy eggs, brown-shelled egg layers

NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEAL FOR SWINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Ad Libitum

Five swine experiments were conducted to evaluate rapeseed meal (RSM) of low glucosinolate content (Brassica napus L. cv. Bronowski). Two experiments involved 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% substitution of either Bronowski meal or regular (B. campestris) meal for soybean meal or fishmeal used in the control diet. One experiment compared ad libitum-fed and partially restricted pigs. Another experiment involved digestibility studies, and the final one involved methionine and lysine supplementation. As the dietary levels of either Bronowski or regular RSM increased in the ration, protein digestion coefficients decreased from 79 and 80% to 76 and 78%, respectively, and energy coefficients decreased from 82% to 79 and 78%, respectively. The protein and energy digestibility coefficients for Bronowski RSM were estimated to be 68 and 59%; for regular RSM, 65 and 54%. With barley–wheat–RSM diets, pigs responded to 0.1% methionine, but not to lysine (P > 0.05). Pigs fed ad libitum consumed more Bronowski than regular RSM diet and performed as well as pigs fed soybean meal diets.

EFFECT OF ADDING POTENTIAL VOMITOXIN (DEOXYNIVALENOL) DETOXICANTS OR A F. graminearum INOCULATED CORN SUPPLEMENT TO WHEAT DIETS FED TO PIGS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
H. L. TRENHOLM ◽  
K. E. HARTIN ◽  
J. C. YOUNG ◽  
B. K. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Stomach Mucosa ◽  
Ad Libitum

Six groups each of five barrows and five gilts were offered ad libitum one of six pelleted diets containing 68% wheat. A pellet binder was added (1.5%) to all diets. There were three clean wheat diets, one unsupplemented, one supplemented with a binding agent (Antitox Vana) and another with Fusarium graminearum inoculated corn; also, three vomitoxin-contaminated wheat diets, one unsupplemented, one supplemented with Antitox Vana and another with ammonium carbonate. Vomitoxin content was negligible in the clean wheat (control) diet, and was about 5 mg/kg in the three contaminated diets and 14 mg/kg in the inoculated corn diet. Pigs weighed 35 kg initially and a necropsy was conducted on each after 5 wk on experiment. Feed consumption was reduced 15–17% with the contaminated wheat diets, and approximately 50% with the inoculated corn diet from which effect the pigs seemed never to recover to the level of those fed the contaminated wheat diets. Discoloration of the stomach mucosa, and epithelial thickening of the esophageal area occurred in more pigs fed the contaminated wheat diets than those fed the clean wheat (control) diet, and a more marked response was evoked by the inoculated corn diet. The addition of the binding agent or the ammonium carbonate did not appear in this experiment to alleviate any of these effects. Key words: Vomitoxin, deoxynivalenol, antitoxin, wheat, inoculated corn, pigs

Hyperoxia-induced changes in antioxidant capacity and the effect of dietary antioxidants

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1817-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Cao ◽  
Barbara Shukitt-Hale ◽  
Paula C. Bickford ◽  
James A. Joseph ◽  
John McEwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Oxygen Radical ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Serum Protein Concentration

We investigated, by measuring oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), whether hyperoxia causes alterations in antioxidant status and whether these alterations could be modulated by dietary antioxidants. Rats were fed for 8 wk a control diet or a control diet supplemented with vitamin E (500 IU/kg) or with aqueous extracts (ORAC: 1.36 mmol Trolox equivalents/kg) from blueberries or spinach and then were exposed to air or >99% O2for 48 h. Although the constituents of the extracts were not extensively characterized, HPLC indicated that blueberry extract was particularly rich in anthocyanins, and the spinach extract did not contain any anthocyanins. The ORAC was determined in samples without proteins [serum treated with perchloric acid (PCA); ORACPCA] and with proteins (ORACtot). Hyperoxia induced a decrease in serum protein concentration, an increase in serum ORACPCA, decreases in lung ORACPCAand ORACtot, and an equilibration of proteins and ORACPCAbetween serum and pleural effusion. These alterations suggested a redistribution of antioxidants between tissues and an increase in capillary permeability during hyperoxia. Only the blueberry extract was effective in alleviating the hyperoxia-induced redistribution of antioxidants between tissues.

EFFECT OF MATURITY OF ALFALFA (Medicago sativa) AT HARVEST ON CALCIUM ABSORPTION IN GOATS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. FREDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Isotope Dilution Technique ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Bone Calcium ◽  
Accretion Rates

Alfalfa hay harvested at vegetative or full bloom stages of maturity was compared to a control diet, in which the calcium (Ca) source was mainly limestone. True Ca absorption was determined using an isotope dilution technique in three goats fed Ca at requirement. Mean Ca intakes of goats fed the control, vegetative or full bloom alfalfa were: 2.40 ± 0.405, 2.31 ± 0.393 and 2.47 ± 0.461 g d−1; bone calcium accretion rates were: 1.27 ± 0.294, 0.90 ± 0.319 and 1.21 ± 0.237 g d−1; total Ca absorption rates (percent of intake) were: 57.1 ± 2.46, 56.7 ± 8.07 and 54.3 ± 3.03, respectively. Although no differences in true Ca absorption among diets were observed in goats fed Ca at requirement, absorption rates exceeded 50% of intake and are higher than previous estimates. Maturity of alfalfa did not significantly affect Ca availability, although there was a trend for availability to diminish with maturity when absorption rates were corrected for Ca absorbed from other dietary ingredients (i.e., 55.8% availability for vegetative, 47.0% for full-bloom alfalfa). Replacing limestone with alfalfa did not alter Ca bioavailability in the total diet. Key words: Goats, calcium true absorption, alfalfa, maturity, limestone.

EFFECTS OF COLOR ON CONSUMPTION OF BROILER DIETS CONTAINING RAPESEED MEAL AND RAPESEED

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. LESLIE ◽  
J. F. HURNIK ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Six hundred and seventy-two 1-day-old male broiler chicks of two strains were used to assess the effects of diet and color of diet on feed consumption. Isocaloric isonitrogenous diets that contained soybean meal (control), rapeseed meal, or ground rapeseed were fed in either colored or noncolored form. During the starter period the birds were given a choice of two diets in various combinations whereas during the grower period no choice was available. In the starter period there were no significant effects of color or diet combinations on total feed consumption. Coloring one diet of a pair, however, tended to increase the difference in consumption between the two by reducing the intake of the colored diet. The one exception to this was the diet pair containing ground rapeseed, which was not affected when one diet was colored. The control diet was preferred, followed by the diets containing rapeseed meal and ground rapeseed, respectively, when a choice was available. When no choice of diet was available in the grower period the only significant effect of color was to increase consumption of the ground rapeseed-containing diet. Weight gain in both periods was highest on the control diet followed by the diets containing rapeseed meal and ground rapeseed, respectively.

REPRODUCTION OF MICE FED LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEAL CONTAMINATED WITH SCREENINGS MEALS AND WEED SEED MEALS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. ROSE ◽  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Equivalent Number ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

Three samples of defatted fine rapeseed screenings meals and defatted stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense) seed meal were used at 5 and 15% (wt/wt) to contaminate low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (LG-RSM). Defatted lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album) and smartweed (Polygonum spp.) seed meals were also used, at levels of 1.7 and 5% (wt/wt) contamination. The contaminated LG-RSM was included at 15% (wt/wt) in diets fed to female adult mice during a 2-wk preliminary period, pregnancy, lactation and the first 18 days of the second pregnancy. There was a nonsignificant trend (P > 0.05) for the female mice fed stinkweed meal to have the lowest body weight throughout the two pregnancies, although those fed the six contaminants, and the uncontaminated LG-RSM control diet had an equivalent number of offspring born in the two pregnancies and surviving to weaning. Male offspring of mice fed the higher levels of contaminants tended to have a lower (P > 0.05) body weight during the early part of the lactation period. A decreased availability of protein and energy in these diets possibly resulted in decreased milk production. The numbers of blastocysts implanted, embryos resorbed, fetal deaths and malformed fetuses were similar among the dietary treatments. Key words: Rapeseed meal, weed seeds, glucosinolates, mice, reproduction

Apocynin administration prevents the changes induced by a fructose-rich diet on rat liver metabolism and the antioxidant system

2012 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 681-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Castro ◽  
Flavio Francini ◽  
Guillermo Schinella ◽  
Claudia Inés Caldiz ◽  
María Guillermina Zubiría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

In the present study, we investigated the role of NADPH oxidase in F (fructose)-rich-diet-induced hepatic OS (oxidative stress) and metabolic changes, and their prevention by apocynin co-administration. Wistar rats were fed for 21 days on (i) a control diet, (ii) a control diet plus 10% F in the drinking water, (iii) a control diet with apocynin in the drinking water (CA) and (iv) F plus apocynin in the drinking water (FA). Glycaemia, triglyceridaemia, NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) and insulinaemia were determined. In the liver, we measured (i) NADPH oxidase activity, and gene and protein expression; (ii) protein carbonyl groups, GSH and TBARSs (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances); (iii) catalase, CuZn-SOD (superoxide dismutase) and Mn-SOD expression; (iv) liver glycogen and lipid content; (v) GK (glucokinase), G6Pase (glucose-6-phosphatase) and G6PDH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) activities; (vi) FAS (fatty acid synthase), GPAT (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase), G6Pase and G6PDH, IL-1β (interleukin-1β), PAI-1 (plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1) and TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) gene expression; and (vii) IκBα (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB α) protein expression. F-fed animals had high serum TAG (triacylglycerol), NEFA and insulin levels, high liver NADPH oxidase activity/expression, increased OS markers, reduced antioxidant enzyme expression, and increased glycogen, TAG storage and GK, G6Pase and G6PDH activities. They also had high G6Pase, G6PDH, FAS, GPAT, TNFα and IL-1β gene expression and decreased IκBα expression. Co-administration of apocynin to F-fed rats prevented the development of most of these abnormalities. In conclusion, NADPH oxidase plays a key role in F-induced hepatic OS production and probably also in the mechanism of liver steatosis, suggesting its potential usefulness for the prevention/treatment of T2DM (Type 2 diabetes mellitus).

MONENSIN, CHLORTETRACYCLINE AND TYLOSIN EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTION IN LAMBS FED A GROUND ALFALFA DIET

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. MIR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Daily Gain

Supplementing a control diet of ground alfalfa (CON) with monensin (MON), chlortetracycline (CTC) or tylosin (TYL) did not affect (P < 0.05) dry matter intake or average daily gain of market lambs. Feed efficiency with CTC was less than with the unsupplemented control (CON) (6.22 vs. 5.68) (P < 0.05). Mean digestibilities of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were lower (P < 0.05) with all antibiotic treatments than the CON diet. Relative to CON, nitrogen digestibility was increased with MON (66.3 vs. 70.9%) while that of energy was reduced with TYL (P < 0.05). Rumen ammonia and acetic, propionic and butyric acid concentrations were not influenced by any of the treatments. MON, CTC and TYL were not effective supplements for lambs fed alfalfa finishing diets. Key words: lamb, chlortetracycline, monensin, tylosin, alfalfa hay, digestibility

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