DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY SOURCE EXPENDITURE IN WARM- AND COLD-EXPOSED SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
TSUNEYUKI TSUDA ◽  
YOSHIO SHOJI ◽  
KAICHI AMBO ◽  
MASANORI FUJITA ◽  
KATSUNORI SUNAGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Total Heat

The heat production of sheep exposed to 0 °C increased 2.14 times compared with that at 20 °C. At 0 °C, the percentage of heat derived from oxidation of acetic acid decreased but that of free fatty acids increased remarkably. The substances which comprise 50% of total heat production remained unknown. Key words: Sheep, cold, heat production, energy source

scholarly journals Metabolism of propane-1:2-diol infused into the rumen of sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Clapperton ◽  
J. W. Czerkawski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Total Volatile

1. Propane-1:2-diol (loog/d) was infused through a cannula into the rumen of sheep receiving a ration of hay and dried grass. The concentration of volatile fatty acids, propanediol, lactic acid and of added polyethylene glycol, and the pH of the rumen contents were measured. The energy metabolism of the sheep was also determined.2. Most of the propanediol disappeared from the rumen within 4 h of its infusion. The infusion of propanediol resulted in a 10% decrease in the concentration of total volatile acids; the concentration of acetic acid decreased by about 30%, that of propionic acid increased by up to 60% and there was no change in the concentration of butyric acid.3. The methane production of the sheep decreased by about 9% after the infusion of propanediol and there were increases in the oxgyen consumption, carbon dioxide production and heat production of the animals; each of these increases was equivalent to about 40% of the theoretical value for the complete metabolism of 100 g propanediol.4. It is concluded that, when propanediol is introduced into the rumen, a proportion is metabolized in the rumen and a large proportion is absorbed directly. Our thanks are due to Dr J. H. Moore for helpful discussions, to Mr D. R. Paterson, Mr J. R. McDill and Mr C. E. Park for looking after the animals and to Miss K. M. Graham, Miss A. T. McKay and Mrs C. E. Ramage for performing the analyses.

Đường ngọt: thừa cân, béo phì và đái tháo đường

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bá Thoại Trần
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Sugary carbohydrates in foods are sweet-tasted carbohydrates of mono or disacchride, most commonly is saccharose (sucrose). This is a disaccharide consisting of two molecules of glucose and fructose.While glucose is completely metabolized in all body cells to produce energy, fructose is metabolized differently in the liver causing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and free fatty acids in the blood …. and causing many complications. Key words: Sugary carbohydrate, diabetes, overweight, obesity

Comparison of thermoregulatory responses between men and women immersed in cold water

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1403-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tikuisis ◽  
I. Jacobs ◽  
D. Moroz ◽  
A. L. Vallerand ◽  
L. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Men And Women

Eleven women (age = 24.4 ± 6.3 yr, mass = 65.0 ± 7.8 kg, height = 167 ± 8 cm, body fatness = 22.4 ± 5.9%, mean ± SD) were immersed to neck level in 18°C water for up to 90 min for comparison of their thermal responses with those of men ( n = 14) in a previous similarly conducted protocol. Metabolic rate increased about three times resting levels in men and women, whereas the rate of rectal temperature cooling (ΔTre/Δ t) in women (0.47°C/h) was about one-half that in men. With use of all data, ΔTre/Δ t correlates with the ratio of body surface area to size and the metabolic rate of shivering correlates inversely to the square root of body fatness. No significant gender differences in total metabolic heat production normalized for body mass or surface area were found among subjects who completed 90 min of immersion (9 women and 7 men). Nor was there a gender difference in the overall percent contribution (∼60%) of fat oxidation to total heat production. Blood concentrations of free fatty acids, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate, and lactate increased significantly during the 90-min immersion, whereas muscle glycogen sampled from the right quadriceps femoris vastus lateralis decreased (free fatty acids, glycerol, and β-hydroxybutyrate were higher in women). When the subjects were subgrouped according to similar body fatness and 60 min of immersion (6 women and 5 men), no significant gender differences emerged in ΔTre/Δ t, energy metabolism, and percent fat oxidation. These findings suggest that no gender adjustments are necessary for prediction models of cold response if body fatness and the ratio of body surface area to size are taken into account and that a potential gender advantage with regard to carbohydrate sparing during cold water immersion is not supported.

SOME PHYSIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ESTERS OF CETYL ALCOHOL

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Howes Calloway ◽  
George W. Kurtz ◽  
Rorert B. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Cetyl Alcohol ◽  
Fatty Acid Moiety ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Cetyl Palmitate ◽  
Acid Esters

Palmitic, oleic, and butyric acid esters of cetyl alcohol were fed to mature rats. Cetyl palmitate was quantitatively excreted in the feces and produced no physiologic aberration. While cetyl oleate was 75% absorbable, it was of little value as an energy source and was partially excreted through the skin. Feeding of cetyl butyrate also induced seborrhea. Data on free fatty acids in gastrointestinal contents and on the specificity of seborrheic lipids indicate that cetyl esters are largely absorbed without hydrolysis, if the fatty acid moiety is readily absorbable, and excreted by way of the skin without modification.

SOME PHYSIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ESTERS OF CETYL ALCOHOL

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Howes Calloway ◽  
George W. Kurtz ◽  
Rorert B. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Cetyl Alcohol ◽  
Fatty Acid Moiety ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Cetyl Palmitate ◽  
Acid Esters

Palmitic, oleic, and butyric acid esters of cetyl alcohol were fed to mature rats. Cetyl palmitate was quantitatively excreted in the feces and produced no physiologic aberration. While cetyl oleate was 75% absorbable, it was of little value as an energy source and was partially excreted through the skin. Feeding of cetyl butyrate also induced seborrhea. Data on free fatty acids in gastrointestinal contents and on the specificity of seborrheic lipids indicate that cetyl esters are largely absorbed without hydrolysis, if the fatty acid moiety is readily absorbable, and excreted by way of the skin without modification.

Engineering Escherichia coli to convert acetic acid to free fatty acids

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xiao ◽  
Zhenhua Ruan ◽  
Zhiguo Liu ◽  
Stephen G. Wu ◽  
Arul M. Varman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effect of level of input of different proportions of volatile fatty acids on energy utilization in growing ruminants

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
N. A. Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Urine Metabolites

Four steers were maintained wholly by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and protein, together with a mineral–vitamin supplement. The infusion was given at three levels of energy, namely 450, 675 and 900 kJ/g live weight0·75, calculated to supply energy at 1·0,1·5 or 2·0 times that required for maintenance. The VFA provided 0·837 and the protein 0·163 of the energy infused. The molar proportions of individual VFA were varied so that the infusate contained 0·36–0·91 of acetic acid, 0·56–0·01 of propionic acid and a constant 0·08 of butyric acid. Heat production was measured in respiration chambers. Urine was analysed for N, urea, β-hydroxybutyrate and VFA. Blood plasma was analysed for β-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, insulin and glucose. As the proportion of acetic acid was increased, and propionic acid reduced, there was no change in blood or urine metabolites or in heat production until acetic acid exceeded a proportion of about 0·75. At higher proportions β-hydroxybutyrate increased in plasma and urine, blood glucose and insulin tended to fall and urinary N excretion rose. At a proportion of acetic acid of > 0·80, acetate appeared in the urine and at > 0·86 heat production declined. The effect of level of infusion on the molar proportion at which plasma and urine metabolites changed was less clear. There was a tendency for the increase in β-hydroxybutyrate to occur at a slightly lower proportion of acetic acid at the highest level of infusion. It is concluded that differences in heat production that are observed between diets are probably not caused by differences in rumen VFA proportions. The reaction to a highly elevated proportion of acetic acid is to excrete β-hydroxybutyrate and acetate in the urine and so decrease rather than increase heat production. Regardless of level of infusion a metabolic crisis occurred when the proportion of acetic acid was above the levels found in the rumen content of normally-fed animals.

scholarly journals ABSORPTION AND UTILIZATION OF VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS IN RUMINANTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. MacLEOD ◽  
E. R. ØRSKOV
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Utilization ◽  
Molar Percent

VFA absorption was investigated in sheep and cattle nourished by intragastric infusions. No differences in absorption were observed between the mixtures of VFA studied. However, unlike osmotic pressure, pH affected the relative proportions of VFA found in the rumen. At pH 7.0 the proportions found resembled those infused; at pH 5.3 acetic acid was 10 molar percent higher. Key words: Ruminant, intragastric volatile fatty acid utilization

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