SOME PHYSIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ESTERS OF CETYL ALCOHOL

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Howes Calloway ◽  
George W. Kurtz ◽  
Rorert B. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Cetyl Alcohol ◽  
Fatty Acid Moiety ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Cetyl Palmitate ◽  
Acid Esters

Palmitic, oleic, and butyric acid esters of cetyl alcohol were fed to mature rats. Cetyl palmitate was quantitatively excreted in the feces and produced no physiologic aberration. While cetyl oleate was 75% absorbable, it was of little value as an energy source and was partially excreted through the skin. Feeding of cetyl butyrate also induced seborrhea. Data on free fatty acids in gastrointestinal contents and on the specificity of seborrheic lipids indicate that cetyl esters are largely absorbed without hydrolysis, if the fatty acid moiety is readily absorbable, and excreted by way of the skin without modification.

SOME PHYSIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ESTERS OF CETYL ALCOHOL

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Howes Calloway ◽  
George W. Kurtz ◽  
Rorert B. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Cetyl Alcohol ◽  
Fatty Acid Moiety ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Cetyl Palmitate ◽  
Acid Esters

Palmitic, oleic, and butyric acid esters of cetyl alcohol were fed to mature rats. Cetyl palmitate was quantitatively excreted in the feces and produced no physiologic aberration. While cetyl oleate was 75% absorbable, it was of little value as an energy source and was partially excreted through the skin. Feeding of cetyl butyrate also induced seborrhea. Data on free fatty acids in gastrointestinal contents and on the specificity of seborrheic lipids indicate that cetyl esters are largely absorbed without hydrolysis, if the fatty acid moiety is readily absorbable, and excreted by way of the skin without modification.

scholarly journals Moose and Caribou as Novel Sources of Functional Lipids: Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids, Diglycerides and Monoacetyldiglycerides

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Pham ◽  
Natalia Vidal ◽  
Charles Manful ◽  
Tiffany Fillier ◽  
Ryley Pumphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Molecular Species Composition ◽  
Acid Esters

Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA), diglycerides (DG) and monoacetyldiglycerides (MAcDG) are gaining interest as functional lipids in pharmaceuticals and functional food formulations for managing and treating metabolic or inflammatory diseases. Herein, we investigated whether the antler and/or meat of two Cervids (moose and caribou) are novel sources of FAHFA, DG and MAcDG. We observed FAHFA present in moose and caribou composed mainly of polyunsaturated families, and that the esterification occurred frequently at the C5-hydroxy fatty acid moiety, most noticeably arachidonic acid 5-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (ARA-5-HERA). Moose antler, caribou and moose meat also contained significant levels of both 1,2-DG and 1,3-DG lipids. The 1,3-DG molecular species consisted mainly of 16:0/18:1, 18:0/16:0, and 18:0/18:1. On the other hand, major 1,2-DG species consisted of DG 18:0/18:0, 16:0/16:0 and 18:1/18:1 molecular species with higher levels in the antler compared to the meat. The molecular species composition of MAcDG was very simple and consisted of 14:2/18:2/2:0, 16:0/18:2/2:0, 16:0/18:1/2:0 and 18:0/18:1/2:0 with the first species 14:2/18:2/2:0 predominating in the tip of moose antlers. Increasing access to and knowledge of the presence of these functional lipids in foods will enhance their intake in the diet with potential implications in improving personal and population health.

scholarly journals Studies on lipid digestion in the preruminant calf

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Edwards-Webb ◽  
S. Y. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

1. The lipolysis of cow's milk fat by salivary lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in the preruminant calf has been studied in vitro by a simulated abomasal digestion, and also in vivo by examining the abomasal effluent collected over 12 h after giving whole milk to a calf.2. In the in vitro experiment the liquid drained from the clot contained a higher proportion of short-chain fatty acids than the abomasal effluent in the in vivo experiment. This was considered to indicate the absorption of short-chain free fatty acids from within the abomasum.3. Preferential release of short-chain fatty acids both in vitro and in vivo was observed.4. The outflow of butyric acid from the abomasum of the calf was initially rapid, but had levelled off at approximately 6 h, whereas the outflow of a typical long-chain fatty acid (palmitic) was fairly constant over the 12 h.Butyric acid predominated in the free fatty acids of abomasal effluent 0.5 h after feeding (668 mmol/mol total free fatty acids) but had become a minor component by 12 h (15 mmol/mol total free fatty acids).5. The mean amounts of free and esterified fatty acids (mmol/mol fatty acid ingested) present in the abomasal effluent from the 12 h collection period were: triglyceride 465, diglyceride 215, monoglyceride 68, free fatty acid 252. These values showed that only one-third of esterified fatty acids ingested are lipolysed to absorbable products by salivary lipase.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Membrane Fluidity Regulation of Fatty Acid Intracellular Distribution by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Novel Polarity Sensitive Fluorescent Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3106
Author(s):  
Giada Bianchetti ◽  
Salome Azoulay-Ginsburg ◽  
Nimrod Yosef Keshet-Levy ◽  
Aviv Malka ◽  
Sofia Zilber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
Polarity Sensitive

Free fatty acids are essential structural components of the cell, and their intracellular distribution and effects on membrane organelles have crucial roles in regulating the metabolism, development, and cell cycle of most cell types. Here we engineered novel fluorescent, polarity-sensitive fatty acid derivatives, with the fatty acid aliphatic chain of increasing length (from 12 to 18 carbons). As in the laurdan probe, the lipophilic acyl tail is connected to the environmentally sensitive dimethylaminonaphthalene moiety. The fluorescence lifetime imaging analysis allowed us to monitor the intracellular distribution of the free fatty acids within the cell, and to simultaneously examine how the fluidity and the microviscosity of the membrane environment influence their localization. Each of these probes can thus be used to investigate the membrane fluidity regulation of the correspondent fatty acid intracellular distribution. We observed that, in PC-12 cells, fluorescent sensitive fatty acid derivatives with increased chain length compartmentalize more preferentially in the fluid regions, characterized by a low microviscosity. Moreover, fatty acid derivatives with the longest chain compartmentalize in lipid droplets and lysosomes with characteristic lifetimes, thus making these probes a promising tool for monitoring lipophagy and related events.

scholarly journals The regulation of glyceride synthesis in isolated white-fat cells. The effects of palmitate and lipolytic agents

1972 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D Saggerson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Glyceride Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Incorporation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. 0.5mm-Palmitate stimulated incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into glyceride glycerol and fatty acids in normal fat cells in a manner dependent upon the glucose concentration. 2. In the presence of insulin the incorporation of 5mm-glucose into glyceride fatty acids was increased by concentrations of palmitate, adrenaline and 6-N-2′-O-dibutyryladenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate up to 0.5mm, 0.5μm and 0.5mm respectively. Higher concentrations of these agents produced progressive decreases in the rate of glucose incorporation into fatty acids. 3. The effects of palmitate and lipolytic agents upon the measured parameters of glucose utilization were similar, suggesting that the effects of lipolytic agents are mediated through increased concentrations of free fatty acids. 4. In fat cells from 24h-starved rats, maximal stimulation of glucose incorporation into fatty acids was achieved with 0.25mm-palmitate. Higher concentrations of palmitate were inhibitory. In fat cells from 72h-starved rats, palmitate only stimulated glucose incorporation into fatty acids at high concentrations of palmitate (1mm and above). 5. The ability of fat cells to incorporate glucose into glyceride glycerol in the presence of palmitate decreased with increasing periods of starvation. 6. It is suggested that low concentrations of free fatty acids stimulate fatty acid synthesis from glucose by increasing the utilization of ATP and cytoplasmic NADH for esterification of these free fatty acids. When esterification of free fatty acids does not keep pace with their provision, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis occurs. Provision of free fatty acids far in excess of the esterification capacity of the cells leads to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and a secondary stimulation of fatty acid synthesis from glucose.

Effect of insulin on free fatty acid uptake by hepatocytes in the duck

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gross ◽  
P. Mialhe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT To elucidate the hypolipacidaemic effect of insulin in ducks, its action on the uptake of free fatty acids (FFA) by duck hepatocytes was determined. At low doses (10 mu./l) insulin stimulated FFA uptake. This effect was not observed with higher doses of insulin (20, 30 and 50 mu./l). Growth hormone at physiological concentrations and corticosterone (14·4 nmol/l) decreased basal activity, probably by reducing glucose metabolism and consequently α-glycerophosphate (α-GP) supply. Insulin was able to reverse the inhibition induced by GH and corticosterone on both FFA uptake and α-GP production. These results therefore suggest that the hypolipacidaemic effect of insulin may be partly mediated by its action on hepatic FFA uptake. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 381–386

scholarly journals Free Fatty Acids Signature in Human Intestinal Disorders: Significant Association between Butyric Acid and Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Simone Baldi ◽  
Marta Menicatti ◽  
Giulia Nannini ◽  
Elena Niccolai ◽  
Edda Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Altered circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), namely short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), are associated with metabolic, gastrointestinal, and malignant diseases. Hence, we compared the serum FFA profile of patients with celiac disease (CD), adenomatous polyposis (AP), and colorectal cancer (CRC) to healthy controls (HC). We enrolled 44 patients (19 CRC, 9 AP, 16 CD) and 16 HC. We performed a quantitative FFA evaluation with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (GC–MS), and we performed Dirichlet-multinomial regression in order to highlight disease-specific FFA signature. HC showed a different composition of FFAs than CRC, AP, and CD patients. Furthermore, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) confirmed perfect overlap between the CRC and AP patients and separation of HC from the diseased groups. The Dirichlet-multinomial regression identified only strong positive association between CD and butyric acid. Moreover, CD patients showed significant interactions with age, BMI, and gender. In addition, among patients with the same age and BMI, being male compared to being female implies a decrease of the CD effect on the (log) prevalence of butyric acid in FFA composition. Our data support GC–MS as a suitable method for the concurrent analysis of circulating SCFAs, MCFAs, and LCFAs in different gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, and notably, we suggest for the first time that butyric acid could represent a potential biomarker for CD screening.

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